| 释义 |
▪ I. husk, n.1|hʌsk|
[Late ME. huske, of uncertain origin.
A common word since c 1400, of which no earlier trace has been found. Conjectures have been offered of its relationship to Ger. hülse, Du. hulze, huls, which (notwithstanding the identity of sense) appear to be historically and phonetically untenable, and of its ultimate derivation from hús ‘house’, which is perhaps possible: cf. for the form, chink, dalk, halk, holk, polk, stalk (and see Kluge, Stammbildung. §61); for the sense, LG. hûske = Ger. häuschen, ‘little house’, in E. Fris. also ‘core (of an apple)’, ‘case’ (e.g. spectacle-case), ‘paper bag’; also MDu. huuskijn, huusken, Du. huisken, ‘little house’, core (of an apple); Ger. gehäuse, ‘case, capsule’, etc. The connexion of Norwegian husk ‘piece of leather used to enlarge a shoe-last’, is quite uncertain.]
1. a. The dry outer integument of certain fruits and seeds; esp. the hard fibrous sheath of grain, nuts, etc.; a glume or rind; spec. in U.S., the outer covering of an ear of maize or Indian corn.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. cliv. (1495), Codde and an huske hyght Siliqua. c1400Mandeville xxi. (1839) 188 As the Note of the Haselle hathe an Husk with outen. Ibid. (Roxb.) 94 Þe macez er þe huskes of þe nutemuge. c1440Promp. Parv. 254/2 Huske of frute, or oþer lyke, corticillus. 1474Caxton Chesse 81 The huske whiche is about the grayn. 1548Udall Erasm. Par. Luke xv. (R.), To fil his bealie..with the verai huskes and coddes, wherwith the hogges were fedde. 1557N. T. (Genev.) Luke xv. 16 The huskes [Wycl., Tind., Coverd. coddis, coddes] that the swyne ate. 1631Widdowes Nat. Philos. (ed. 2) 36 The Chesnut..is covered with a sharpe huske, and within it hath a red huske. 1665Hooke Microgr. 156 Carret seeds are like a cleft of a Coco-Nut Husk. 1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. s.v. Verdegrease, The Husks of pressed Grapes. 1830M. Donovan Dom. Econ. I. 87 The malt is parched until it has acquired a slight tinge of yellowness on the husk. 1855Longfellow Hiaw. xiii. 29 The women who in Autumn Stripped the yellow husks of harvest.
†b. The calyx or involucre of a flower. Obs.
1450–1530Myrr. our Ladye 210 Whyche floure yf he se yt not yet sprynge oute of the huske. 1727–41Chambers Cycl., Husks, among botanists, the part which a flower grows out of..Of these there are several kinds, as bulbous or round husks, bottle husks, middle husks, foot husks, hose husks.
c. Husks collectively, husky matter.
1883C. J. Wills Mod. Persia 233 By about the twenty-fourth day the wine was ready for clearing of the husk. Ibid. 234 The sweet wine had already no husk in it.
2. Applied to animal coverings or shells:
†a. The coriaceous wing-case of an insect; an elytron. Obs.
b. The shell or case of a chrysalis; a cocoon. ? arch.
c. In Georgia, U.S., an oyster shell.
1552Huloet, Byttel flye with a blacke huske. 1616Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme 488 Euerie one [silkworm] shutting vp himselfe in his scale or huske, which they make and build vp in two daies. 1653Walton Angler xii. 226 A good bait is the young brood of Wasps or Bees, baked or hardned in their husks. 1665Hooke Microgr. 187 Several of them flew away in Gnats, leaving their husks behind them in the water floating under the surface. Ibid. 215 They seem cover'd, upon the upper side of them, with a small husk, not unlike the scale, or shell of a Wood-louse. 1802Paley Nat. Theol. xix. (1830) 228 This [chrysalis] also in its turn dies; its dead and brittle husk falls to pieces, and makes way for the appearance of the fly or moth. 1842Tennyson Two Voices ii, I saw the dragon-fly Come from the wells where he did lie. An inner impulse rent the veil Of his old husk.
3. techn. Applied to a frame of various kinds: see quots.
1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 100/2 Husk is a square Frame of Moulding..set over the Mantle Tree of a Chimney between two Pillasters. 1873Knight Dict. Mech., Husk, the supporting frame of a run of millstones.
4. transf. and fig.
a. The outside or external part of anything; mostly in depreciatory sense, the mere rough or worthless exterior, as contrasted with the substantial inner part or essence.
1547–64Bauldwin Mor. Philos. (Palfr.) 98 That..the bitternesse & hardnesse of his [Death's] rough huske should hinder vs from the sweet taste of such a comfortable kirnell. 1644Hunton Vind. Treat. Monarchy iii. 10 A few huskes of reason. 1652L. S. People's Liberty xvi. 39 Their acquiescing in God's choice should be the pith and kernel of the precept, and the setting up of a King onely the husk and shell of it. 1841–4Emerson Ess., Friendship Wks. (Bohn) I. 85 Bashfulness and apathy are a tough husk, in which a delicate organization is protected from premature ripening. 1861–8Lowell Emerson Pr. Wks. 1890 I. 355 He..gave us ravishing glimpses of an ideal under the dry husk of our New England. 1887W. H. Stone Harveian Oration 21 The mere reproduction of the dry husks of thought termed words.
b. Applied to the human body.
a1677Barrow Serm. Wks. 1716 I. 62 May not our soul..challenge a good share of our time..or shall this mortal husk engross it all? 1818M. G. Lewis Jrnl. W. Ind. (1834) 102 It is a matter of perfect indifference to me what becomes of this little ugly husk of mine, when once I shall have ‘shuffled off this mortal coil’.
†c. Applied to a person. Obs.
1601? Marston Pasquil & Kath. i. 76 in Simpson Sch. Shaks. (1878) II. 138 You keepe too great a house..Yon same drie throated huskes Will sucke you vp. Ibid. iv. 39 Ibid. 183 Bra. Iu. How like you the new Poet Mellidus? Bra. Sig. A slight bubling spirit, a Corke, a Huske.
d. A figure or ornament somewhat resembling a husk.
1934Burlington Mag. Oct. p. xv/2 The tablet is carved with festoons, and the frieze and jambs inlaid with festoons and pendants of husks and coloured marble. 1955R. Fastnedge Eng. Furnit. Styles 285 Husk, with ‘honeysuckle’ ‘wheat-ear’ a favourite ornament on furniture of the Adam and Hepplewhite periods. 1971Country Life 3 June 1356/3 The ground paint was decorated with motifs such as festoons of drapery and husks, interlacing hearts, urn patterns, and so on.
5. attrib. and Comb. (from 1), as husk-porridge; husk-like adj.; ‘in the husk’, as husk corn, husk nut; (from 4 d) husk design, husk festoon, husk ornament, husk pattern; husk-hackler, ‘a machine for tearing corn-husks into shreds for stuffing for mattresses, pillows, cushions, etc.’ (Knight Dict. Mech. 1875).
1687S. Sewall Diary 3 Oct. (1878) I. 191 *Husk Corn.
1904P. Macquoid Hist. Eng. Furnit. vii. 191 The sides are inlaid with the.. *husk design so popular at this time. 1973Country Life 31 May 1567 Chestnut wood window seats..the..legs..faced by well carved husk design.
1770J. Wedgwood Let. 20 Aug. (1965) 94 First, his Majesty approved of the *husk festoons in particular, and I think more so than the desert pattern.
1796Withering Brit. Plants (ed. 3) II. 60 Flowers with valves like grasses, and *husk-like calyxes.
1888Pall Mall G. 24 Jan. 5/2 The *husk nuts piled on the top.
1934Burlington Mag. Oct. 165/1 The back shows the honeysuckle, *husk or catkin ornament. 1960H. Hayward Antique Coll. 146/2 Husk ornament, an ornamental motif resembling the husk of a wheat ear used continually by architects and craftsmen during the Adam period.
1876C. Schreiber Jrnl. 14 Nov. (1911) I. 485 A good set of Wedgewood, *husk pattern.
1851Mrs. Browning Casa Guidi Wind. i. 1003 To see the people swallow hot *Husk-porridge which his chartered churchmen stir.
▪ II. husk, n.2|hʌsk|
[In sense 1 of uncertain origin; possibly from husk n.1: cf. also husk v.2; in sense 2 app. a back-formation from husky a. 4.]
1. A disease affecting cattle: see quots.
a1722Lisle Husb. in O.C. & F. Wds. (E.D.S.) 62 Hassacks, a disease affecting the throat. The result of worms in the bronchial tubes; called also Husk, Hosk, and Hoose. 1755Nicholls in Phil. Trans. XLIX. 247 The husk..is a disease, to which bullocks are very subject, while young... The creature is seized with a short dry cough, by which he is perpetually teized. 1787Winter Syst. Husb. 230 Some of my hogs..were affected with a violent cough vulgarly called the husk. 1828Sporting Mag. XXII. 210 In oxen, sheep and swine, the disorders called the foul, the rot, and the husk will be perpetuated from generation to generation. 1892Wiltsh. Co. Mirror 5 Aug. 1/6 Mixture for Pigs..intended to cure Colds, Lameness, Husk, Worms.
2. Huskiness.
1816T. L. Peacock Headlong Hall 4 Clearing the husk in his throat with two or three hems. 1887Daily News 23 July 6/7 [It] brings a husk to the father's voice as they shake hands in a last ‘good-bye’.
▪ III. † husk, n.3 Obs.,
the dog-fish: see huss.
▪ IV. husk, a. dial.|hʌsk|
[app. a back-formation from husky: but cf. hask a.]
Dry, parched, husky. Also comb., husk-voiced adj.
1847–78Halliwell, Husk..(3) Dry; parched. Linc. 1876Lanier Poems, Clover 24 Nor Dick husk-voiced upbraids The sway-back'd roan.
▪ V. husk, v.1|hʌsk|
[f. husk n.1]
trans. To remove the husk from, to deprive of the husk. Also transf. and fig.
1562Turner Herbal ii. 57 b, The germanes husk millet and eat it with milk. 1601Holland Pliny I. 567 Pistores were those..who husked and cleansed the bearded red wheat. 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 53 Pepper..when dried it is black, and husked white. 1737Edwards Wks. (1834) I. 363/1 The children were..husking Indian corn. 1856Olmsted Slave States 42 The maize is afterwards husked in the field, at leisure. 1878B. F. Taylor Between Gates 182 The rough dresses of the men..out of which they husk themselves. 1880I. L. Bird Japan I. 138 They are husking rice, a very laborious process. 1892Kipling Barrack-Room Ballads 199 Go husk this whimpering thief..: Winnow him out 'twixt star and star. 1910C. E. Mulford Hopalong Cassidy xviii. 110 He determined to husk Meeker's body from its immortal soul.
▪ VI. husk, v.2|hʌsk|
[Goes with husk n.2]
1. intr. Of cattle: To cough as when suffering from the ‘husk’. Hence husking vbl. n. local.
1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. iii. (1586) 135 Sicknes of the Loongs is..a short husking, and thrusting out of the toong withall. 1848Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. IX. ii. 354 They [bullocks] were all observed to husk soon after being purchased.
2. intr. Of the voice: to be or to become husky.
1922H. Titus Timber xxix. 254 Her voice husked for the first time. 1958Sunday Times 29 June 11/1 The birds sing louder than the crooner husking from the loudspeaker. |