| 释义 |
husbandry, n.|ˈhʌzbəndrɪ|
Forms: see husband; also 3 housebondrie, 4 hosboundrie, hosebounderye, 5 husbandery, 6 howsbondry.
[f. husband n. + -ry.]
†1. The administration and management of a household; domestic economy. Obs. (Cf. housewifery 1.)
c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 463/56 Of oþur þingus ne tok he no ȝeme, ne to housebondrie. 1332Literæ Cantuarienses (Rolls) I. 356 Poy avoms entremys de hosebounderye. 1425Ord. Whittington's Alms-house in Entick London (1766) IV. 354 The office and charge of him shal be..the husbandry of the same house, in as much as he may goodly oversee. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. iii. iv. 25 Lorenso I commit into your hands, The husbandry and mannage of my house. 1629N. C[arpenter] Achitophel 53 The generall administration of a family, which wee may call husbandry.
†b. transf. and fig. Management, economical administration, ordering (as of a household). Obs.
1536Lisle Papers XII. 70 (P.R.O.), I think you never ware better [velvet]; but I will see the cutting out and husbandry thereof myself. 1635E. Pagitt Christianogr. i. ii. (1636) 86 West India, which hath long inioyed the husbandrie of Ministers. 1658Whole Duty Man vii. §12. 63 There is a husbandry of the soul, as well as of the estate.
2. The business or occupation of a husbandman or farmer; tillage or cultivation of the soil (including also the rearing of live stock and poultry, and sometimes extended to that of bees, silkworms, etc.); agriculture, farming.
c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 387 Merchandise & hosbondrie & oþer craftis. c1460Fortescue Abs. & Lim. Mon. xiii. (1885) 141 The new husbondry þat is done þer, namely in grobbyng and stokkyng off treis, busses, and groves. 1534Fitzherb. (title) The Boke of Hvsbandry. 1535Coverdale 2 Chron. xxvi. 10 He delyted in husybandrye. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. ii. (1586) 78 b, The vine requireth great husbandry about it. 1581W. Stafford Exam. Compl. i. (1876) 19 Those sheepe is the cause of all these mischieues, for they haue driuen husbandry out of the countrey. 1660Sharrock Vegetables 98 The husbandry of sowing clover grass..will here come in most properly. 1767A. Young Farmer's Lett. People 128 There is not a more dubious point in agriculture than the difference between the Old and the New husbandry. 1806Gazetteer Scotl. s.v. Yarrow, The chief branch of husbandry is the rearing of sheep. 1849Cobden Speeches 51 In 1790 the price of iron and implements of husbandry was double what it is now.
fig.1675Traherne Chr. Ethics xxx. 483 The heart..prepared to receive it by the husbandry of Providence.
†b. Industrial occupation in general. Obs.
1604Dekker King's Entert. D iv, Dutch countrey people toyling at their Husbandrie; women carding of their Hemp, the men beating it. a1639W. Whately Prototypes ii. xxvi. (1640) 21 Live as Abraham and Jacob did, not as Esau, follow some study, follow some good husbandry.
†3. concr. (from 1 and 2).
a. Household goods.
b. Agricultural produce, cultivated crops.
c. Land under cultivation; an agricultural holding.
d. The body of husbandmen on an estate; the farm tenantry. Obs.
c1386Chaucer Wife's Prol. 288 Spoones and stooles, and al swich housbondrye. 1526Tindale 1 Cor. iii. 9 Ye are goddis husbandrye, ye are goddis byldynge. 1599Shakes. Hen. V, v. ii. 39 All her Husbandry doth lye on heapes, Corrupting in it owne fertilitie. a1628Preston Breastpl. Love (1631) 205 How goodly a sight is it when a man looks into the husbandrie, to see the vine full of clusters, to see the furrowes full of corne. 1675Phil. Trans. X. 321 Sir Hugh Plat had a long and tedious task..before the Husbandry would stirr. 1697A. de la Pryme Diary (Surtees) 159 The lord or steward of this mannour of Broughton..had also a capon of every husbandry, and a hen of a whole cottagry, and a chicken of a half cottagry... To this day some of the chief husbandry fetches their coals and wood.
4. a. With qualifying epithet (good or ill): Management (profitable or wasteful) of a household or of resources; (good or bad) economy.
1540–1Elyot Image Gov. (1556) 122 By negligence or lacke of good housbandrie. 1573New Custom i. ii. in Hazl. Dodsley III. 16 Covetousness they call Good husbandry, when one man would fain have all. 1649N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. i. lxiv. (1739) 134 Wars..occasioning much waste of Treasure, put the King to the utmost pitch of good Husbandry. 1665Manley Grotius' Low C. Warres 355 That old negligence, and ill husbandry in the disposing of mony. 1735Bolingbroke Lett. Study Hist. ii. (1752) 38 The excessive ill husbandry practised from the very beginning of King William's reign. 1745De Foe's Eng. Tradesman (1841) I. x. 75 Good husbandry and frugality are quite out of fashion.
b. Hence absol.: Careful management; employment of a thing sparingly and to the best advantage; economy, thrift, profit. (Cf. housewifery 1 b.)
1362Langl. P. Pl. A. i. 55 Husbondrie and he holden to-gedere. 14..MS. Cotton. Cleop. E. iv. lf. 35 in P. Pl. Crede Notes 38 Also to the buttrey dore ther be xij. sundrye keyes in xij. hands, wherein symythe to be small husbandrye. 1552Huloet, Husbandrye or profite, vtilitas. 1663Pepys Diary 6 June, Every thing [is] managed there by their builders with such husbandry as is not imaginable. 1712Steele Spect. No. 428 ⁋1 The Ways of Gain, Husbandry, and Thrift. 1841Emerson Lect., Conservative Wks. (Bohn) II. 265 Reform has no gratitude, no prudence, no husbandry.
5. attrib. and Comb.
1624Capt. Smith Virginia v. 185 In such husbandry qualities he well deserued great commendations. 1795J. Phillips Hist. Inland Navig. Addenda 143 Pleasure and husbandry boats. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. I. 684 Obliged to manufacture..most of their husbandry tools. 1843J. Smith Forest Trees 5 No part of husbandry-labour can be carried on without it [timber].
Hence † husbandry v. trans., to apply husbandry to; to till, cultivate. Obs. rare.
1649W. Blithe Eng. Improv. xii. 71 One Acre of well Manured and Husbandryed Land. Ibid., Consider the vast advantage there will be by Husbandring a little well... One Acre Manured, Plowed, and Husbandred in season, may and doth usually beare as much Corne as two or three ill Husbandred. |