| 释义 |
▪ I. husband, n.|ˈhʌzbənd|
Forms: 1 húsbonda, -bunda, 2 husbonde, -bunde, 3 husebande, houssebonde, 3–4 husebonde, (4 -boonde), 3–5 hosebonde, (3 -baunde, 4 -bounde), 4 hos(e)band(e, housebonde, -bounde, 4–5 hosbond(e, 4–6 husbond(e, housbond(e, housband(e, 4–7 husbande, 5 housbounde, (hosbon), 6 huszbande, 6–7 houseband(e, (7 hisband), 4– husband.
[Late OE. húsbonda, -bunda, f. hús house + late OE. ? bónda, bonda, bunda, a. ON. bóndi, peasant owning his own house and land, freeholder, franklin, yeoman; earlier búandi, bóandi, orig. pres. pple. of búa, bóa to dwell, have a household; but the OE. use answered immediately to ON. húsbóndi, a man of this rank in his capacity as head or master of the household. In ME. often with connective e, as in husewif, housewife.]
I.
†1. The master of a house, the male head of a household. Obs.
c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xx. 28 Ne sitte ᵹe on þam fyrme⁓stan setlum þe læs þe..se husbonda [Hatton MS. husbunde] hate þe arisan. a1100O.E. Chron. an. 1048 An his manna wolde wician æt anes bundan huse his unðances and ᵹewundode þone husbundon and se husbunda ofsloh þone oðerne. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 165 Nis þe gist siker of þe husebonde, ne noðer of oðer. a1240Sawles Warde in Cott. Hom. 247 Þe husebonde, þat is wit, warneð his hus.
2. a. A man joined to a woman by marriage. Correlative of wife.
c1290Beket 193 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 112 Is wif gret Ioie made with hire housebonde. a1300Cursor M. 10158 Anna..ioachim had til husband. 1382Wyclif Matt. i. 16 Joseph, the husbond of Marie. c1450Merlin 20 Thyn hosbonde and thow were at debate. 1548–9(Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer, Matrimony, Wilt thou haue this man to thy wedded houseband? 1590Shakes. Com. Err. iii. ii. 68 Thou hast no husband yet, nor I no wife: Giue me thy hand. 1631–5W. Saltonstall Picturæ Loquentes F vij, Her mouth is drawne into so narrow a compasse that she will not speake a broad word, but calls her husband hisband. 1638Ford Fancies v. ii, Hisband, stand to thy tackling, hisband like a man of mettle. 1765Blackstone Comm. I. xv. (1809) 442 By marriage, the husband and wife are one person in law. 1842Tennyson Locksley Hall 47 As the husband is, the wife is.
b. transf. The male of a pair of the lower animals; a male animal kept for breeding.
1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 47 A Bull is the husband of a Cow, and ring-leader of the herd. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 253 Whom to reserve for Husband of the Herd. 1894H. Drummond Ascent Man 379 The apathy and estrangement between husband and wife in the animal world.
†c. Applied to the male in diœcious plants; also to a tree forming the prop or support of a vine. Obs.
1553T. Wilson Rhet. (1567) 24 a, Of trees, wherin..there is found Mariage, with some manifeste difference of bothe kyndes, that excepte the housebande Tree, doe leane..vpon the women Trees..Thei would elles..waxe barraine. 1796Pegge Anonym. (1809) 59 The husband, as we may call it, being a tree of some kind, and I suppose the elm chiefly, the grape could never ripen kindly.
II.
†3.
a. One who tills and cultivates the soil; a cultivator, tiller, farmer, husbandman. In early northern use, app. applied spec. to a manorial tenant, the villanus or villein of other districts. Cf. husbandland. Obs.
c1220Bestiary 388 Fox is hire to name..husebondes hire haten, for hire harm dedes. [1239Cart. Mon. de Rameseia I. 426 Gilbertus Copsi..dat domino Abbati dimidiam marcam, ut Henricus Koc filius suus fiat housebonde de sex acris terrae..Abbatis in Depedale.] c1290Beket 2428 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 176 Of seriaunz and of squiers and oþere house⁓bondes i-nowe; And þe simple men of þe londe. c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 168 Do com..burgeis & merchant, & knyght & squiere..hosbond & sergant, & tak of þam homage. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints, Julian 127 A housband a-gane our lay Telyt his land one sownday. 1494Fabyan Chron. vii. 421 In this yere..fell so excedynge rayne in the monethes of Iulii & August, that husbondys myght not brynge in theyr lytle store of corne. 1513Douglas æneis x. vi. 53 The routis of the lauboreris Or rurell husbandis. 1532–3Act 24 Hen. VIII, c. 10 Preamb., All the Tillers, Husbondes and Sowers of the Erthe. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. ii. 578 When Husbands have survey'd the last Degree, And utmost Files of Plants, and order'd ev'ry Tree.
†b. In later times esp. with qualifying epithet as in 5. Obs.
c1380Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 98 Þe kyngdom of hevene, seiþ Crist is lyke to a good huseboonde. 1540–1Elyot Image Gov. (1556) 153 b, The Romaines beeyng good husbondes..overseeyng theyr tyllage and husbondry. 1613–16W. Browne Brit. Past. i. iii. Wks. 1772 I. 81 With shrubs that cloy ill husband's meadow-ground. 1723Carew's Cornwall Life (1769) p. xvi, He was accounted..the greatest Husband, and most excellent Manager of Bees in Cornwall. 1733Tull Horse-Hoing Husb. Pref. 5 The Proverb..That once in seven Years, the worst Husbands have the best Corn.
4. a. The manager of a household or establishment; a housekeeper; a steward. Also a title of various public functionaries: see quots. Obs. exc. in spec. applications.
c1450Bk. Curtasye 574 in Babees Bk., Now speke y wylle of tresurere, Husbonde and houswyf he is in fere. 1475Sir J. Paston (to his Mother) in P. Lett. No. 762 III. 139, I purpose to leeffe alle heer, and come home to yow, and be yowr hosbonde and balyff. a1483Liber Niger in Househ. Ord. (1790) 69 This hathe bene proved by many olde yeres husbandes and yett myght there be made alweyes of a busshell xxix loves. 1613Sir H. Finch Law (1636) 240 The King hath a proper Court..for all things touching his reuenues, called the Exchequer. The Judges whereof are called Barons, or housebands for the Kings Reuenue. 1695Act 7 & 8 Will. III, c. 13 §2 It shall..be Lawful for the Royal African Company of England, to bring to His Majesties Tower of London..such Gold as shall be Imported by them, the Husband of the said Company first making Oath before the Warden [etc.]. 1737List Govt. Officers in Chamberlayne's St. Gt. Brit. ii. 65 Officers..belonging to the Custom-House..The Husband for receiving and taking up all Goods consign'd from the Plantations on Account of the Duty of 4 and half per Cent. 1833Rep. Sel. Committee Munic. Corporat. 319 Is there any other fee paid to you as town's husband [at Hull]? [1886Times 3 Aug. 6/3 ‘Husband to the East India Company’, a functionary whose duty seems to have been to look after the interests of his employers in their relations with the Custom House.]
b. ship's husband: an agent appointed by the owners to attend to the business of a ship while in port, esp. to attend to her stores, equipment, and repairs, and see that the ship is in all respects well found. Now little used, the duties being generally performed by a ‘Marine Superintendent’.
1730–6Bailey (folio), Husband of a Ship, a Person whose Office it is to see a Ship's Cargoe entered, landed, laid up in Warehouses, etc. for the Merchants. 1756Rolt Dict. Trade, Husband of a ship, or the ship's husband. 1774Colman Man of Business iii. 159 The Ship's husband desires to speak with him. 1800Colquhoun Comm. Thames 629 To furnish an exact statement of disbursements to the Ship's Husband. 183936 Years Seaf. Life 44 One of the brothers, who acted the part of working partner, or as it was called ship's husband. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Ship's husband, a part owner, or other person appointed as a manager to look after and provide stores, provisions, or assistance for a ship when in port. 1878Sir F. Kelly in Law Rep. 4 Exch. Div. 22 A ship's husband has the authority of the ship's owners to procure a charter party, and to make contracts for their benefit.
5. a. With qualifying epithet: One who manages his household, or his affairs or business in general, well or ill, profitably or wastefully, etc. Most commonly good husband: One who manages his affairs with skill and thrift; a saving, frugal, or provident man; an economist. (Cf. housewife.) Now rare or arch.
c1510Robin Hood i. 180 Or elles thou hast ben a sorry housband. 1553T. Wilson Rhet. 67 When I call..a pynche penye, a good husbande, a thriftye man. 1597–8Bacon Ess., Honour (Arb.) 68 A man is an ill husband of his Honour that entereth into any action, the failing where⁓in may disgrace him more than the carrying of it through can Honour him. 1656Jer. Taylor Let. in Evelyn's Mem. (1857) III. 79 You see what a good husband I am of my paper and ink. 1719De Foe Crusoe i. xvi, I had been so good a husband of my rum, that I had a great deal left. 1895M. R. James Abbey St. Edmund at Bury 119 The next abbot was a bad husband to the Abbey.
†b. absol. = good husband in prec. Obs.
c1400Gamelyn 13 He had ben wide-where but non husbonde he was. 1530Palsgr. 233/1 Husbande, a thrivyng man, mesnagier. 1577Fenton Gold. Ep. 129 If hee bee a husbande of that hee hath, they will say hee is couetous.
6. attrib. and Comb.
a. in sense 2; (a) appositive, as husband-lover, husband-soldier, husband-tree; (b) objective and obj. gen., as husband-beater, husband-catching, husband-hunter, husband-hunting, husband-seeking, husband-slayer; (c) husband-ripe a., ripe for a husband, of marriageable age.
b. in sense 3, as husband-field, a cultivated field; † husband-town, a farm; † husband weed, agricultural or rustic clothing. See also husbandland, -like, -man.
1892Daily News 2 May 2/4 The en-tout-cas is..not quite so large this year as it has been in some previous seasons, and the long handles facetiously called ‘*husband⁓beaters’, have quite disappeared.
1899Daily News 26 Sept. 7/5 One of the greatest reasons of my contempt for them is their *husband-catching propensities. 1949M. Mead Male & Female i. 7 In some societies it is girls for whom parents must collect a dowry or make husband-catching magic.
1811Scott Don Roderick xxxix, The sable land-flood from some swamp obscure, That poisons the glad *husband-field with dearth.
1905To-Day 8 Mar. 173/1 She will demand a better article than the mere *husband-hunter has been able to stand out for. 1932Times Lit. Suppl. 21 Jan. 40/4 Arabella Trefoil is a husband-hunter of shameless duplicity and greed.
1771Smollett Humph. Cl. 15 July, I must make you acquainted with my sister Tabby's progress in *husband⁓hunting. 1823Byron Juan xi. lxxxix, Some sage husband-hunting countess.
1682A. Behn City-Heiress 20 Oh hideous, a *Husband-Lover!
1557–8T. Phaer æneid vii. S iij b, One doughter..Now *husbandripe, now wedlockable ful, of lawful yeeres.
1899Daily News 26 Sept. 7/5 Their object in life is..plain― *husband seeking.
1897Edin. Rev. Apr. 458 The Danaides, spring-nymphs as well as *husband-slayers.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints, Ninian 867 Þe knycht..In til a *housband ton þat nycht To slepe and ese hyme can dycht. c1470Harding Chron. ccxl. note (Harl. MS.) Many goode villages and husbonde townys.
1553*Housebande tree [see 2 c].
c1475Rauf Coilȝear 593 Ane man in *husband weid.
c. Combinations with husbands', in specialized senses: as husbands' boat, train, etc., in former times a means of transport run chiefly for the convenience of men wishing to join their wives on holiday, esp. applied to ships, etc., run on Saturday; husband's tea colloq., very weak tea.
1869Porcupine XI. 172/2 Passengers by the ‘husbands' boat’ are more heavily laden with provisions. 1870London Soc. XVIII. 170 The Husbands' boat can carry lovers too! 1909Daily Chron. 24 July 8/6 The New Palace Steamers announce that their p.s. Koh-i-noor will be making the ‘husband's boat’ trip to-day as usual.
1874Hotten Slang Dict. s.v. Water-bewitched, Sometimes very weak tea is called ‘husband's tea’. 1886A. Hornblow tr. Normand's Splashes from Parisian Ink-Pot 163 A special train, the husband's train, would permit him to arrive at Tréport the same night.
d. husband–wife a., pertaining to or involving a husband and his wife.
1956J. M. Mogey Family & Neighbourhood 61 ‘My wife trusts me’ indicates excellent husband–wife adjustment. 1959Encounter July 73/1 [This book] is by a husband–wife duet of French journalists. 1960Guardian 14 Apr. 8/6 The quintessential husband–wife relationship. 1965Language XLI. 124 The husband–wife team of Pavle and Milka Ivić.
▪ II. husband, v.|ˈhʌzbənd|
[f. prec. n.]
I.
1. trans. To till (the ground), to dress or tend (trees and plants), to manage as a husbandman; to cultivate.
c1420[see husbanding vbl. n. 1]. 1545R. Ascham Toxoph. i. (Arb.) 93 A good grounde..well husbanded bringeth out great plentie of byg eared corn. 1590R. Payne Descr. Irel. (1841) 9 To husband this farme, your tenaunt must keepe viii persons. 1652–62Heylin Cosmogr. iv. (1682) 33 Husbanding the Vallies which lie nearest to them. 1737Bracken Farriery Impr. (1756) I. 25 Till such Time as the Ground be dug up and husbanded. 1876L. Morris Epic Hades ii. (1877) 96 The grain scarce husbanded by toiling hands Upon the sunlit plain.
b. fig. To cultivate (the mind, etc.).
1639T. Brugis tr. Camus' Mor. Relat. 197 So dexterously to husband the minde of Rogat, that he will worke him to condescend unto his desires. Ibid. 271 Whether it were that he ill husbanded the mind of [him] or whether this woman changed it.
2. To administer as a good householder or steward; to manage with thrift and prudence; to use, spend, or apply economically; to make the most of; to economize; also, to save, lay by a store of.
a. material things.
c1440Promp. Parv. 254/1 Husbondyn, or wysely dyspendyn worldely goodys. 1574Hellowes Gueuara's Fam. Ep. (1577) 312 The office of the husband is, to husband y⊇ goods and of the wife to gouerne the familie. 1586J. Hooker Girald. Irel. in Holinshed II. 135/1 That his majesties..revenues [be] well husbanded and looked unto. 1613–18Daniel Coll. Hist. Eng. (1626) 106 This Arch⁓bishop so husbanded the Kings businesse, that..hee yeelded an account vnto him, that [etc.]. 1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. i. 166 A Jar of Brandy, which we husbanded as well as we could. 1748Anson's Voy. iii. ii. 309 We were obliged to husband our ammunition. 1857C. Brontë Professor I. ii. 36 Husbanding my monthly allowance.
b. immaterial things.
1605Bp. Hall Medit. & Vows i. §59, I will labour so to husband the stock that God hath left in my hands, that I may returne my soule better then I received it. 1639Fuller Holy War i. vii. (1647) 7 If they had husbanded this occasion. 1742Young Nt. Th. i. 105 For human Weal, Heav'n husbands all Events. 1836Johnsoniana 246 Garrick husbanded his fame.
c. with out: to economize (a thing) so that it may last out; to eke out.
1760–2Goldsm. Cit. W. xviii, The Dutch frugally husband out their pleasures. 1770― Des. Vill. 87 To husband out life's taper at the close.
†3. to husband it: to do household or farm work. rare. Obs.
1597–8Bp. Hall Sat. iii. i. 74 Good Saturne selfe..was not so clad of yore..Husbanding it in work-day yeomanrie.
II.
4. trans. To provide or match with a husband; to mate.
1565[see husbanding vbl. n. 3]. 1602Rowlands Gossips (1609) 4, I am husbanded with such a Clowne, 'Twould pul a merrier heart then mine is downe. 1608Day Hum. out of Br. i. i. (1860) 6 Wiue it for them, you shall not husband me. a1845Hood To Sylv. Urban vii, Parishioners,—hatched,—husbanded,—and wived. 1875Tennyson Q. Mary ii. ii, I am not..so amorous That I must needs be husbanded.
5. To act the part of a husband to; to become the husband of, to marry.
1601Shakes. All's Well v. iii. 126 You shall as easie Proue that I husbanded her bed in Florence, Where yet she neuer was. 1605― Lear v. iii. 70 That were the most if he should husband you. 1843Tait's Mag. X. 139 Husbanding his means, with the hope of ultimately husbanding a wife. 1880G. Meredith Tragic Com. (1881) 248 He had been ready to perform the duty of husbanding a woman.
b. fig. To ‘espouse’ (an opinion).
1883H. H. Bancroft Centr. Amer. vi. I. 318 note, Nor should I deem it wise in me to husband a doctrine on this or any other palpably unprovable proposition.
6. to husband it: to act or play the husband.
1608Day Hum. out of Br. ii. ii, Say, we desire to husband it with you. |