| 释义 |
▪ I. hurt, n.1|hɜːt|
Forms: 2–7 hurte, 4 hirt, hourte, 5 hort, hurth, 5–6 hurtt(e, 4– hurt.
[app. a. OF. hurte (mod.F. heurte) shock of collision, stroke, blow, f. hurter, heurter: see hurt v. Cf. also later F. heurt ‘shocke, push, or dash; violent meeting or conflict; a knock or knocking together’ (Cotgr.), It. urto a push, thrust, shock; also (from French) MHG. hurt and hurte shock of encounter, MDu., Du. hort thrust, push, shove. The sense ‘injury’ is a purely Eng. development: see hurt v.]
†1. A knock, blow, or stroke causing a wound or damage. Obs.
c1205Lay. 1837 Heo leopen to Brutus folke, þer heo hurtes duden. a1240Lofsong in Cott. Hom. 207 Ich bide þe..bi þe herde hurtes and þe unwurðe wowes ðet he for us..þolede. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 12401 He ne lefte for swerd ne oþer hirt Þat he vntil Arthur stirt. c1400Destr. Troy 6526 He.. Gird hom to ground with mony grym hurt. 1590Sir J. Smyth Disc. Weapons 23 b, Of the great disordering of horses with the hurts of our English arrowes. 1653Holcroft Procopius, Goth. Wars ii. iv. 43 Synthues by a hurt of a Lance upon his right hand, was disabled. 1841–4Emerson Ess., Circles Wks. (Bohn) I. 126 You admire this tower of granite, weathering the hurts of so many ages.
2. Bodily or material injury, esp. that caused by a blow or stroke; a wound; a lesion; damage.
c1205Lay. 8178 Þa wes his hurte æðe. a1225Ancr. R. 112 A lutel ihurt i þen eie derueð more þen deð a muchel iðe hele. c1375Sir Beues (MS. E) 1691 + 5 He was so ffeynt ffor hys hurte. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints, Laurentius 357 A fare ȝung man..Clengeand þi hortis þat are sare. c1386Chaucer Sqr.'s T. 463 Herbes..To heele with youre hurtes hastily. 1474Caxton Chesse 100 Instrumentis..for to serche woundes and hurtes. 1563W. Fulke Meteors (1640) 30 b, Sometime it killeth a man, and there appeareth no wound without, neither any hurt within. 1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. iii. i. 115 My very Friend hath got his mortall hurt In my behalfe. 1658A. Fox Wurtz' Surg. iii. xvi. 267 A Gentlemans child..had a hurt on the ancle, wherein a callus was grown. 1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. s.v. Bolts, Fender-Bolts..are struck into the uttermost Bends or Wales of a Ship to save her Sides from Bruises and Hurts. 1794Ld. Hood 12 July in Nicolas Disp. Nelson (1845) I. 436 note, I am truly sorry to hear you have received a hurt, and hope..it is not much. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xvi. (1871) II. 193 He ordered his own surgeon to look to the hurts of the captive.
3. gen. Injury of any kind inflicted or suffered; harm, wrong, damage, detriment.
(In first quot. fig. from 2.)
a1225Ancr. R. 282 Þi salue hit is, ȝif þu hit luuest, aȝean soule hurtes. c1460Fortescue Abs. & Lim. Mon. xviii. (1885) 154 To þe kynges gret harme and hurt off his said seruantes. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 4 b, That..causeth heresyes & errours, and so is great hurte to fayth. 1586J. Hooker Girald. Irel. in Holinshed II. 150/1 Sir Nicholas Bagnoll was called to answer such hurts as were obiected against him. 1588J. Udall Diotrephes (Arb.) 11 They do euer with their preaching, more hurte than good. 1666Pepys Diary 7 Oct., But [I] do not think that all this will redound to my hurt. 1702Eng. Theophrast. 123 It is safer to do some men hurt, than to do them too much good. 1865Dickens Mut. Fr. i. i, What hurt can it do you?
†4. Hurtful or noxious quality or action. Obs.
1608Topsell Serpents (1658) 786 At what time they are very swift, quick, nimble, and of most certain hurt, more dangerous and more venemous in their bitings.
▪ II. hurt, n.2 Her.|hɜːt|
Also hurte, heurte.
[a. F. heurte (a 1558 in Godef.): ‘heurtes, small Azure balls, tearmed (in Heraldry) hurts on men, and tongue-moles on women’ (Cotgr.). Cf. F. heurt mark left by a blow, and quot. 1572.
The English heraldic writers generally identify this with hurt n.3, a bilberry; but (since the bilberry is not known as heurt or heurte in French) it is evident that this can be correct only if hurt and hurtleberry took their names from the heraldic word (or from the blue mark of a blow).]
A roundel azure: usually held to represent a hurtleberry.
1572J. Bossewell Armorie 10 Seuen signes, or tokens whiche are figured in Armes round..4. Is of Azure, and is termed a Hurte. 7. Is of Purpre, and is to be called a Wounde. 1610J. Guillim Heraldry iii. viii. (1660) 138 These appeare light-blew..they are indeed a kind of fruit or small round berry, of Colour betwixt Black and Blew..In some places they are called..Hurts or Hurtle-berries. Ibid. iv. xix. 352 If they [Roundles] be Light-blew then we call them Hurts. 1766Porny Heraldry Gloss., Hurts or Huerts, roundelets of the Azure Colour, so termed by none but English Heralds..These being blue, some will have them to signify Bruises or Contusions in the Flesh, which often turn to that colour. 1882Cussans Her. iv. (ed. 3) 73 Roundles..are distinguished..by their several Tinctures,—they are..The Heurte, az.
▪ III. hurt, n.3 Now dial.|hɜːt|
Also 6 hurte, 7 heurt. See also whort.
[Known to us from 16th c., but the fuller name hurtleberry appears c 1450; the relation between these, and the origin of both, are uncertain; no cognate name appears in other langs. See prec.]
= hurtleberry.
1542Boorde Dyetary xiii. (1870) 267 Rawe crayme..eaten with strawberyes or hurtes. 1610[see hurt n.2]. 1624Capt. Smith Virginia ii. 26 During Sommer there are either Strawberries..or Mulberries..Raspises, hurts. 1671Narborough Jrnl. in Acc. Sev. Late Voy. i. (1694) 121 Small red Berries, much like Hurts. 1705Beverley Virginia ii. ⁋13 (1722) 113 There are three Sorts of Hurts, or Huckleberries, upon Bushes, from two to ten Foot high. 1883Leisure Hour 572/2 Vendors of wild strawberries, and ‘hurts’.
b. Comb., as hurt-gatherer.
1887Pall Mall G. 29 July 5/2 The true region of heath and hurtle-berries, and here you will find the hurt-gatherers busily engaged in small groups and parties.
▪ IV. hurt, v.|hɜːt|
Pa. tense and pple. hurt. Forms: 2 (3rd sing.) hert, 3 (Orm.) hirrtenn, 3–6 hurte, (3–4 horte, 4–5 hirte); 5– hurt. Pa. tense 3–4 hurte, (4 herte, hirte, Sc. hwrte), 5– hurt; also β. 4 hirtide, 5 hurtid, 5–8 (9 dial.) hurted. Pa. pple. 3 hird, 3–5 i-, yhurt, 4 hirt, yhert, 4–6 hurte, 4– hurt; also β. 5 hurtyd, 5–9 hurted.
[app. a. OF. hurte-r (now heurter) to bring into violent collision, ‘to knocke, push, jarre, joult, strike, dash, or hit violently against’ (Cotgr.). The phonology is not altogether clear; but app. the word was adopted early enough for OF. u to be treated as OE. y, becoming i in north and midl., and in the south remaining ü, which later became ŭ as in hurst, OE. hyrst; the variants in -er, -or, are mainly due to the disturbing influence of r upon the preceding vowel: cf. the historical forms of dirt, first, gird, third, worse, etc.
OF. hurter = Pr. urtar, It. urtare, is of obscure origin; in Darmesteter's opinion ‘probably Germanic’. As, however, no corresponding Germanic word is known, Diez suggested a possible derivation from Celtic, comparing Welsh hwrdd ram, push, hyrddu, hyrddio to push; but see Thurneysen Keltoromanisches 81. MHG. and MLG. hurten to rush into collision, MDu. hurten, horten, Du. horten to jolt, jostle, push, are from French, and were orig. words of the tournament.]
I. Transitive uses.
†1. To knock, strike, dash (a thing against something else, or two things together); in quot. 1400, to run (a ship) aground. (= hurtle v. 1.) Obs.
c1200Ormin 11370 Swa þatt tu nohht ne shallt tin fot Uppo þe staness hirrtenn. c1205Lay. 1878 Heo hurten heora hafden. a1400Wyclif's Bible Acts xxvii. 41 (MS. Banister) Whanne we felden into a place of grauel..thei hurten the schippe. 1483Cath. Angl. 192/2 To Hurte, allidere, col-, elidere, illidere. a1500Chester Pl. xii. 118 That thou hurt nether foot nor knee. 15..Miller of Abington in Wright Anecd. Literaria (1844) 110 Against a fourme he hurte his shin. 1634Winthrop New Eng. (1825) I. 136 The Elizabeth Dorcas..being hurt upon a rock at Scilly..lost sixty passengers at sea.
†2. To knock, strike, give a blow to (so as to wound or injure). Obs. (In later instances blending with sense 3.)
13..Coer de L. 4715 Stones and stokkes they threw doun; Some off the Crystenes they herte. c1374Chaucer Troylus v. 1045 Whan þurgh þe body hurte was Diomede. c1400Destr. Troy 10387 Þen þe kyng at hym caupit with a kene speire, Hurt hym full hidusly, harmyt hym sore. c1489Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xxvi. 560 Thone hurted the other soo harde that thei felle doun almoost bothe to the erthe. 1525Ld. Berners Froiss. II. lxxii. [lxvi.] 216 They dyd let fly theyr quarelles, wherwith they hurted many. 1662J. Davies tr. Olearius' Voy. Ambass. 280 [He] fell upon him, got him down, and having hurt him in several places, thrust him out of Doors.
3. a. To cause bodily injury to (by a blow or otherwise); to wound; to give bodily pain to.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 5833 Hii velle & to brusede some anon to deþe, & some ymaymed, & some yhurt. a1300Cursor M. 3940 Iacob was þan hurt wel sare Þe maister sinu of his the. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints, Marcus 82 He hwrte rycht sare his hand. 1470–85Malory Arthur iv. xii, I haue foughten with a knyght..I am sore hurte and he bothe. c1566J. Alday tr. Boaystuau's Theat. World K v, My shooe is newe, faire and well made, but you know not where about it doeth hurt and grieve me. 1654Whitlock Zootomia 39 Hee that striketh a Wall may hurt his Knuckles. 1748Smollett Rod. Rand. (1812) I. 7, I have been found guilty of killing cats I never hurted. 1841Lytton Nt. & Morn. i. iv, No more hurt in the loins than I am. 1885Tennyson Northern Cobbler iv, Once of a frosty night I slither'd an' hurted my huck.
b. To injure (a thing) physically; to do harm to, damage.
1382Wyclif Rev. ix. 4 It is comaundid to hem, that thei shulden not hirte hay of the erthe. 1481Caxton Godefroy clxxxiii. 269 They mocqued oure peple..and more asprely defended them self and hurted thengyns. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. i. (1586) 44 b, Hurle out all the stones and suche thinges as may hurt the Sythe. 1645Boate Irel. Nat. Hist. (1652) 167 It is a common saying in Ireland, that the very dryest Summers there never hurt the land. 1727De Foe Syst. Magic i. iv, Which shall greatly hurt the fruits of the earth.
c. Of an injured limb, etc.: to be the source of pain to (one). (Cf. the corresponding intr. sense 8.)
1850F. E. Smedley Frank Fairleigh xxxiv. 280, I gave that [sc. the ankle] a twist somehow, and it hurts me dreadfully. 1871Two Little Bruces viii. 76 My arm hurts me most. 1911G. B. Shaw Doctor's Dilemma i. 12 Sometimes I think it's my heart: sometimes I suspect my spine. It doesnt exactly hurt me; but it unsettles me completely.
4. gen. To injure, do harm or mischief to; to affect injuriously, be prejudicial or detrimental to; to wrong, inflict injury upon.
c1200Vices & Virtues 45 He tobrekð, ȝif he ani god wille hafð, forðan he hert his gode wille. a1225Ancr. R. 98 Hwo haueð ihurt te, mi deore? a1300Cursor M. 28197 Wit flitt, wit brixil, striue and sturt, Myn euen-cristen haue i hurt. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. Prol. 424 That ye hym nevere hurte in al his lyve. c1400Apol. Loll. 22 Vnleful curse hirtiþ not him þat is notid þer wiþ. c1489Caxton Sonnes of Aymon iii. 78 It is the man among all oure enmyes, that..more hath hurted vs. 1533in Picton L'pool Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 25 To be thus prejudiced and hurted of our said toll. 1671Milton Samson 1676 Among them he a spirit of phrenzie sent, Who hurt their minds. 1726–31Tindal Rapin's Hist. Eng. xvii. (1743) II. 96 Both parties equally hurted her. 1821Scott Kenilw. xxii, Tressilian..had much hurt his interest with her. 1894Sir E. Sullivan Woman 9 Innocent delusion, it amuses you and it doesn't hurt us.
5. To give mental pain to; to grieve, distress, vex, offend.
1526Tindale Matt. xi. 6 Happy is he thatt is noott hurte by me. ― Mark xiv. 27 All ye shalbe hurtt thorowe me thys nyght. 1756Burke Subl. & B. iii. v, When we are thrown out of this state, or deprived of any thing requisite to maintain us in it..we are always hurt. 1777Sheridan Sch. Scand. i. i, I own I was hurt to hear it. 1815Wellington Let. to Ld. Hill 9 May in Gurw. Desp. XII. 368, I consider the transactions too recent..to write a true history without hurting the feelings of nations, and of some individuals. 1879E. K. Bates Egypt. Bonds I. ix. 221 How mortified and ‘hurt’ poor Fred would have looked.
II. Intransitive and absolute uses.
†6. intr. To strike, dash (on or against something); to come into collision. In first quot. fig. To come or hit upon a thing; in quot. c 1500, to make a rush at a person. Obs.
a1225Ancr. R. 176 Nu we hurteð [v.r. hitte], leoue sustren, to the ueorðe dole. Ibid. 186 A child, ȝif hit spurneð o summe þing..me bet þet þing þet hit hurteð on. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 4626 Schipes..Þat on vn-to toþer hurte. 1382Wyclif John xi. 9 If ony man schal wandre in the day, he hirtith not. 1388― Jer. xiii. 16 Bifor that ȝoure feet hirte at derk hillis. 1483Caxton Gold Leg. 430 b/2 The Shyppe where the kyng was in hurted and smote twyes ageynst the roche. c1500Melusine v. 25 Whan Raymondyn cam ayenst the said bore..the bore anoone hurted to hym. 1622R. Hawkins Voy. S. Sea xli. 99 Arrowes..headed with a flint stone, which is loose, and hurting, the head remaineth in the wound.
7. absol. To cause injury, do harm (physical or otherwise); to cause or inflict pain.
1390Gower Conf. III. 367 Cupide, which maie hurt and hele In loves cause. 1500–20Dunbar Poems lxii. 13 It micht hurt in no degre. 1611Bible Isa. xi. 9 They shall not hurt nor destroy in all my holy mountaine. 1651Hobbes Leviath. ii. xix. 97 Orators..though they have great power to hurt, have little to save. 1844Mrs. Browning Fourfold Aspect ii, How that true wife said to Pœtus..‘Sweet, it hurts not!’
8. intr. for pass. To suffer injury or pain. (Now only colloq.)
a1300E.E. Psalter xxxvi[i]. 24 When rightwise falles, hortes na lime. 1545R. Ascham Toxoph. ii. (Arb.) 109 If that wylle not serue, but yet youre finger hurteth, you must take [etc.]. a1899Mod. Does your hand still hurt? 1902Dialect Notes II. 237 Hurt, v.i., to ache; to pain. 1970J. Hansen Fadeout (1972) x. 83 I'm sorry you're hurting... But I'm glad I found you. 1972N.Y. Times 4 June 4/5 When I heard that first lap time..I thought I'd be hurting.
▪ V. hurt, ppl. a.|hɜːt|
[Pa. pple. of hurt v.]
a. Injured, wounded, etc.: see the verb.
c1400Destr. Troy 7166 The Troiens..Helit þere hurt men þurgh helpis of leches. c1420Pallad. on Husb. i. 287 The hole is saaf, the hurte is forto cure. 1541R. Copland Guydon's Quest. Chirurg., The wounde is bounde..begynnynge fro the party opposite to the hurt place. 1617Sir R. Boyle in Lismore Papers (1886) I. 178 For curing my hurt leg. 1790Burke Fr. Rev. Wks. V. 140 The balm of hurt minds. 1887R. N. Carey Uncle Max xxviii. 220 In rather a hurt voice.
†b. hurt majesty: = lese-majesty. Sc. Obs.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints, Paulus 159 Paule, as for hurte maieste, [Nero] Syne eftir bad hedit suld be. 1488Sc. Acts Jas. IV (1597) §4 They that..committis the crime of hurt⁓majestie against his Hienesse.
c. Of an inanimate thing: injured, damaged. U.S. colloq.
1930Publishers' Weekly 15 Feb. 863 The annual ‘hurt book’ sales. |