| 释义 |
up and down, adv., prep., a., and n.
[f. up adv.1 and adv.2 + down adv.]
A. adv.
1. a. Alternately on or to a higher and a lower level or plane. Also in fig. context.
c1205Lay. 14276 He bi-heold þene wal up and dun ouer al. a1300Cursor M. 2238 Þat ai quen we se ani chesun, Freli [we] may climb vp and dun. c1340Ayenb. 246 Þe lheddre..huerby þe angles..cliue op and doun. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xxxi. 139 Fendez..fliez vp and doune in þe aer with grete thunders. c1485Digby Myst. (1882) iii. 1669, I fel ytt ster In my wombe vp and down. 1559W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse 29 Then rayse vp and downe the ruler..vnto the sonne. 1583Hollyband Campo di Fior 27 Washe your mouth, and do the water up and downe in your throate. 1633P. Fletcher Purple Isl. xii. lii, Tost up and down in waves of worldly floud. 1680in W. Hacke Coll. Voy. (1699) iii. 7 Which Ebbs and Flows here two Fathom up and down. 1712J. James tr. Le Blond's Gardening 192 The short Cilinder..is moved up and down in the Barrel of the Pump. 1820Byron Juan v. lxxviii, Wrestling both his arms into a gown, He paused, and took a survey up and down. 1889–91[see stare v. 2 c]. 1892Photogr. Ann. II. 402 The action is up and down, without vibration.
fig.c1374Chaucer Troylus ii. 659 She..gan to casten and rollen vp and down with-inne here þought his excellent prowesse. c1450Mirour Saluacioun (Roxb.) 149 Sekeing oft vp and doune of deth fande thay cause none rightwise. 1513Douglas æneid x. ii. 100 All the hevynly wychtis dyd quhyspir and roun, In opynyonys full diuers, wp and doun. 1584D. Fenner Def. Min. (1587) 121 Although he knewe..the meaning of them, yet he turneth them vppe and downe as if they were riddles. 1974M. Birmingham You can help Me iv. 106 Robin had been exceptionally quiet at lunch... He usually showed off in front of visitors. Still, he did go up and down.
b. fig. With variation of success or fortune.
1430–40Lydg. Bochas i. 2718 Ay the tribut & seruage off the toun Procedith foorth, thei constreyned wer so sore, Lich as ther lott turned up and doun.
c. fig. (In predicative use, passing into adj.) Varying, changeable, unstable. Now also often in sense ‘of varying quality’.
1643Caryl Sacr. Covt. 36 It is..most unsutable..for us to be up and downe, forward and backward, likeing and disliking, like that Double-minded man. 1645Rutherford Tryal & Tri. Faith 16 Men naturally beleeve, though they be but up and down with Christ, yet Christ doth so bear them at goodwill, as [etc.]. 1650Baxter Saint's R. iv. 38 His Love to thee will not be as thine was..to him, seldom and cold, up and down. 1945C. S. Lewis Let. 28 May (1966) 207 Mrs. Moore is up and down; very liable..to fits of bad jealousy.
2. Hither and thither; to and fro; backward and forward.
a1200Moral Ode 240 in O.E. Hom. I. 175 Ho..walkeð weri up and dun, se water deþ mid winde. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 11513 Wiþ him to wende aboute, to sywe him vp & doun. 1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 4034 He ȝede yn hys celle vp and down. c1386Chaucer Nun's Pr. T. 359 On hise toos he rometh vp and doun. c1440Cast. Persev. 2519 Up & doun þou take þe wey. 1508Dunbar Gold. Targe 84 There saw I May..Within the gardyng walking vp and doun. 1582N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda's Conq. E. Ind. 93 b, The enymyes were scouring up and downe in the Sea. 1659Pell Impr. Sea 55 Many of you walk up and down in the ships you have command of. 1692R. L'Estrange Fables (1694) 251 You are so..given to squirting up and down, and chattering, that [etc.]. 1713Addison Cato iii. i, Life wanders up and down Through all her Face, and lights up ev'ry Charm. 1741Richardson Pamela (ed. 3) I. 187 She is up and down so much, that I am afraid of her surprising me. 1811Byron Hints fr. Hor. 478 And boys shall hunt your bardship up and down. 1872Tennyson Last Tourn. 647 Pacing moodily up and down.
3. a. Here and there; at various points; esp. in several or diverse places throughout a district, country, etc.
In very frequent use from c 1635 to 1700.
a1300Cursor M. 11444 Þai..spird him efter vp and dun. c1374Chaucer Compl. Mars 210 What availeth suche a longe sermon Of auentures of love vp and dovne. 1601B. Jonson Poetaster i. ii. (1905) 18 He..liu'd obscurely vp and downe in boothes, and taphouses. 1680R. L'Estrange Citt & Bumpkin (ed. 3) 3 We had our Agents at all Publick Meetings,..all the Schools up and down. 1712Budgell Spect. No. 277 ⁋13 With several Ribbons stuck up and down in it. 1760C. Johnston Chrysal (1822) III. 37 A few of the eldest..gathered up and down into little sets. 1855Browning Fra Lippo 41 Brother Lippo's doings, up and down, You know them?
b. Throughout the works of an author or authors.
1668H. More Div. Dial. iv. ix. 31 Intimated up and down in the Gospels by our Blessed Saviour. 1698T. Hearne Duct. Hist. (1714) I. 35 To relate all the Witticisms scattered up and down in the Books of the Cabalists, about this Word. 1699Boyer Fr. Dict., Centon,..a Poem made up of several Pieces pick'd up and down from the Works of others.
4. Upside-down; topsy-turvy. Also fig. Now s.w. dial.
1591Percivall Sp. Dict., Trastornadura, ouerthrowing, turning vp and downe. 1600W. Watson Decacordon Pref. (1602) A 3 b, The Germaines (where the imperiall triple Crowne of Caesar yet remaines vp and downe). 1634Malory's Arthur i. cxiv. Z 4 b, Syre launcelot charged so sore vpon him that his horse reuersed vp and downe. 1888–92in Somerset and Devon dialect (Eng. Dial. Dict. s.v.).
5. In or into a vertical position; vertically.
1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. ii. 80 Set the end of the Cross-Staff to the outside of the Eye,..holding it right up and down. 1697W. Dampier Voy. i. x. 298 A long Yard that peeks up and down like a Mizen-yard. 1748Anson's Voy. ii. i. 112 We hove the cable right up and down. 1791Smeaton Edystone L. §132 The..cable..had been hawled in so tight as to keep the swivel from striking the ground, when right up and down. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. 574 In anchor work, when the cable is in that condition, the boatswain calls, ‘Up and down, sir’. Ibid. 707.
6. a. In every respect; entirely, thoroughly, completely. Now dial.
1542Udall Erasm. Apoph. 291 b, He was even Socrates up and down in this poincte.., yt noman ever sawe hym either laugh or wepe. 1579–80North Plutarch (1595) 170 His eloquent tongue, and ready vtterance,..in those he was Pisistratus vp and downe. 1620Middleton Chaste Maid iii. ii, It has the mother's mouth. The mother's mouth up and down. 1649Milton Eikon. xi, This is the Pharisee up and down, ‘I am not as other men are’. 1832J. Barrington Personal Sk. III. 224 God bless him, up and down, wherever he goes, here or hereafter! 1878–89in dialect glossaries, etc. (Cumbld., Lanc., Linc.).
†b. Altogether; in all. Obs.—1
1562J. Heywood Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 215 What comth our meate to? foure shyllyngs vp and downe.
7. U.S. colloq. In a straightforward or blunt manner; acting in this way. (Cf. C. 2 b).
1854‘O. Optic’ In Doors & Out 29, I told her, up and down, that she was not what she used to be when she lived with you. 1869Mrs. Stowe Oldtown Folks xx, Talk about coddling! it's little we get o' that, the way the Lord fixes things in this world... He's pretty up and down with us, by all they tell us. 1891Cent. Dict. s.v. Up, To handle a matter up and down; to talk up and down.
B. prep.
1. a. Backward and forward in; to and fro along or upon.
1412–20Lydg. Chron. Troy i. 1575 Þe halle in soth sche walkyth vp and down. 1553T. Wilson Rhet. 31 You shall haue a pretie litle boye, runnyng vp and doune youre house. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 334 The Lordes counsayled the king..to rowe vp and downe the ryuer. 1645E. Pagitt Heresiogr. (ed. 2) 32 They wandred up and downe the Countreyes without staves. 1676Lady Chaworth in 12th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. V. 34 She..is pulled up and down the ponds in them [sc. sledges] every day. 1711Steele Spect. No. 96 ⁋3, I was strolling up and down the Walks in the Temple. 1745P. Thomas Jrnl. Anson's Voy. 230 Every Person of any Account goes up and down them [sc. streets] either on Horseback or in a Chair. 1820Southey Wesley I. 405 Under such feelings he wandered up and down the fields. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xiii. III. 269 Accompanying James in his last walk, up and down the Mall. 1896Law Times Rep. LXXIII. 615/1 A red light was automatically shown up and down the line.
b. Here and there in or upon; in several parts of or diverse places throughout.
1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, ii. i. 113 She sayes vp & downe the town, that her eldest son is like you. 1640H. Spelman in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 164 They that to prevent my election, published up and downe some Colledges that..[I] had declined the choice. 1675Brooks Gold. Key Wks. 1867 V. 309 They have frequently acknowledged it to be an everlasting covenant, as is evident up and down the Scripture. 1711Steele Spect. No. 11 ⁋4 Sprinkled up and down the Writings of all Ages. 1834Medwin Angler in Wales I. 33 The eyes..in some insects amount to six or seven thousand, and spread up and down the body as on the spider. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. ix. II. 444 Early in August hints..were whispered up and down London. 1894Times 4 June 6/2 To gather into one collected whole statements scattered at present all up and down your columns.
2. Alternately on or to a higher and lower plane in or upon.
1665Hooke Microgr. 202 A certaine white substance..may be observ'd to fly up and down the Air. 1726G. Shelvocke Voy. round World 250 The danger..of carrying a load up and down mountains. 1741Richardson Pamela (ed. 3) I. 201 The Maid Nan..asked if any thing was the matter, that I was so often up and down stairs? 1855[J. R. Leifchild] Cornwall 153 Along levels, and up and down winzes (ventilating openings), the air is coursing. 1859F. E. Paget Curate of Cumberworth 62 The whole herd, tearing up and down the hill side.
C. adj. (Now usually hyphened.)
1. a. Directed, occurring, or taking place, alternately upward and downward.
1616Chapman tr. Musæus D 6 b, With vp and down-lookes, whetting his desire. 1795Phil. Trans. LXXXV. 587 The up-and-down motion in walking. 1834Encycl. Metrop. (1845) VIII. 748/2 The up-and-down action is communicated to this machine by chains. 1839Ure Dict. Arts, etc. 1110 These faller wires..are guided truly in their up-and-down motions..by a cleaner-plate. 1874Bedford Sailor's Pocket Bk. v. 121 To insure getting an ‘up and down cast’ [of the lead]. 1883Black's Guide Devon. (ed. 11) 175 From here to Brendon Church..is 2½ miles of very up-and-down travelling.
transf.1808Vancouver Agric. Devon 100 Farming tenantry..rent..from 200 to 300 acres of land, the greater part of which is subject to a system of up-and-down husbandry.
b. Adapted or used for hauling up and down.
1794Rigging & Seamanship II. 281 A chain, called an up-and-down span. 1860Nares Seamanship 37 What tackles are used? A luff and an up-and-down. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. 708 Up-and-down tackle.
c. Of persons: That hauls, goes, works, etc., up and down.
1851–61Mayhew Lond. Labour III. 247/1 ‘Up-and-down men’, or coalwhippers, as they are usually called. 1897Westm. Gaz. 10 April 2/1 A man, a cook-housemaid, an up-and-down girl.
d. fig. Alternately rising and falling; presenting variations comparable to movement up and down.
1812Byron Waltz Ep., A d—d see-saw up-and-down sort of tune. 1819Metropolis I. 104 Uneven measures, sportiveness and fancy must lead them [sc. poets]..an up and down dance. 1889Spectator 14 Dec. 839 Even the free-living artist Fra Lippo Lippi talks in Browning's sudden, impatient, up-and-down style.
2. a. Perpendicular; straight up, erect; very steep.
c1710C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 232 Its such an Enclosed Country, and such up and down steep hills. 1817H. T. Colebrooke Algebra, etc. 15 Repeat the operation till the up and down line contain but two quantities. 1894C. N. Robinson Brit. Fleet 278 The Warrior and Defence classes had plain up and down cutwaters. 1897Daily News 21 Sept. 3/2 With clothes hanging in folds upon her up-and-down figure.
b. U.S. Direct, straightforward, downright.
1836Haliburton Clockm. Ser. i. xxxvi, No strong-minded, straight-a-head, right up and down man does that. 1869Mrs. Stowe Oldtown Folks xxiv, A well-preserved, up-and-down, positive, cheery, sprightly maiden lady. 1896Peterson Mag. Jan. 94/2 The two women folks..finally had an up-and-down row.
3. a. Having an uneven or irregular surface; consisting of ups and downs.
1775S. J. Pratt Liberal Opin. cxxiii. (1783) IV. 133 Very few gentlemen..come to such a d—m—d up-and-down place as this. 1830Colman Random Records 202 Durham,..a strange up-and-down Episcopal City. 1853Dickens Bleak Ho. vi, [My room] was of this kind, with an up-and-down roof. 1898A. Austin Lamia's Winter Quarters 49 He lived in an up-and-down hamlet among the hills.
b. fig. Marked by alternations of success, etc.; changeful, variable. Also, of a person: subject to alternating or changing moods.
1907A. Ransome Bohemia in London 200 It is an up-and-down-life, my friends. 1960I. Cross Backward Sex 125 She had always been an up-and-down sort of person, depressed one minute and elated the next.
4. Taking place to and fro or backward and forward; spent in moving about.
1824Miss Mitford Village Ser. i. I. 111 She has, in the course of an up-and-down life, met with a good many authors. 1876Preece & Sivewright Telegraphy 292 What is called up and down working; that is,..each station sending alternately one or several messages. 1884Sala Journ. due South ii. i, The perpetual up-and-down flowing of the crowd.
5. In collocations arising from an ellipse of the n. after up:
a. Pugilism. (See quots.)
1840D. P. Blaine Encycl. Rural Sports 1218 That species of contest, called up and down fighting, that is, when a man is got down he is kept down and punished till incapable of motion. 1863Kingsley Water-Bab. iv, They were fighting; savage, desperate, up-and-down fighting. 1867[T. Wright] Some Habits Working Classes 124 Up-and-down fights, in which..the men fight both up and down.
b. Of or pertaining to ‘up’ and ‘down’ trains.
1890Daily News 16 Sept. 6/4 Two complete sets of up and down lines run out of that station. 1898Engineering Mag. XVI. 73 Acting as through stations for the main up-and-down traffic.
c. Watchmaking. (See quot.)
1884F. J. Britten Watch & Clockm. 276 [An] up and down Indicator..[is] mechanism for indicating when a watch or chronometer requires winding.
D. n.
I. Pl. uses (occas. hyphened), ups and downs.
1. a. Undulations or irregularities on the surface of ground, etc. Also in fig. context.
1682Whitelock's Mem. Pref., There are flats..as well as ups and downs and precipices. 1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. i. 159 The Street being full of ups and downs, they make it..smooth from end to end. 1698Froger Voy. 110 The town is nothing throughout but up's and downs and..consequently carriages are very impracticable there. 1717Berkeley Tour in Italy Wks. 1871 IV. 563 After our ascent through a difficult path, many ups and downs, stony, narrow and uneasy, among shrubby mountains, etc. on foot. 1821Cobbett Rur. Rides (1853) 10 The ups and downs of sea in a heavy swell. 1859Tennyson Marr. Geraint 236 Geraint..rode, By ups and downs, thro' many a grassy glade. 1879Hare Story of my Life (1900) V. xx. 169 All the ups and downs of the ground.
b. Undulatory motions, tracings, etc. Also fig.
1860W. H. Russell Diary India II. 227, I did not find it easy to sleep in the palkee, with its ups and downs. 1860–70Stubbs Lect. Europ. Hist. (1904) 8 Charles's wars with Francis are a regular seesaw. The Pope is generally the person who pulls the ups and downs. 1888R. Abercromby Weather ii. 30 If we look at the barometer-trace.., the ‘ups’ and ‘downs’ suggest the analogy of waves.
2. a. Vicissitudes, variations, or alternations in respect of fortune, success, etc. Also const. of (life, fortune, etc.).
In frequent use from c 1850.
1659Bunyan Law & Grace Unf. Wks. 1855 I. 553 The very saints of God have..many ups and downs in this their travel towards heaven. 1680C. Nesse Ch. Hist. 99 The church..continued 450 Y[ears] in its Vps and Downs. 1727P. Walker Remarkable Passages (1827) I. 293 He..had many Ups and Downs in his Case, warm Blinks and Clouds. 1793–4Aikin & Mrs. Barbauld Even. at Home (1805) IV. 5, I have had my ups and downs in the world. 1807Southey Espriella's Lett. II. 178 The ups and downs of commercial Speculation. 1809Malkin Gil Blas x. ii. ⁋7 The ups and downs in the lottery of my own life. 1859Thackeray Virgin. lxxxi, They had their ups and downs of fortune. 1875Helps Soc. Press. xx. 297 His life is a life of ups and downs, the ups and downs not being of exceeding magnitude.
b. Alternations in respect of condition, quality, etc.; vagaries, variations.
1855G. Brimley Ess., Westw. Ho! 301 The ups and downs, the fortunes and emotions, of a passion. 1882Mrs. Oliphant Lit. Hist. Eng. I. 368 The ups and downs of a mind so precariously balanced. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VI. 897 The ups and downs met with in the course of the disease.
II. Singular uses (usually hyphened).
†3. A swing-boat. Obs.
1813Sporting Mag. XLII. 20 There were the usual swings, ups-and-downs, and roundabouts. 1816in Hone Every-day Bk. (1825) I. 572 Up-and-downs, merry-go-rounds [at fairs]. 1825Hone Ibid. 1228 There is an ‘up and down’, or swing, of..woodwork.
4. a. Alternate rise and fall, esp. fig. in respect of position, fortune, etc.; variation of condition, lot, or circumstances.
1775S. J. Pratt Liberal Opin. cviii. (1783) IV. 29 [The present world] is in itself one general up-and-down: the human soul abhors sameness. a1838C. Morris Lyra Urban. (1840) II. 338 What an up-and-down is this? A shift from palace to cot. 1867Lowell Biglow P. Ser. ii. Introd., Poems (1912) 287/2 The regular up and down of the pentameter churn. 1876S. Lanier Clover 71 Th' incalculable Up-and-Down of Time Made plain before my eyes.
b. Fluctuation or vacillation of passion, etc.
1905S. A. Brooke Ten Plays Shakesp. 88 The up-and-down of his bewildered passion has passed away.
5. An irregularly undulating surface, lineation, etc.
1856Mrs. Browning Aur. Leigh i. 1109 Such an up and down Of verdure,—nothing too much up or down, A ripple of land. 1888Encycl. Dict. s.v. Tonic, The ‘up and down’ of pitch is not represented to the eye as on the staff.
6. A rapid or cursory survey or perusal; the ‘once-over’. rare.
1923Wodehouse Inimitable Jeeves x. 102 ‘Read this letter.’ He gave it the up-and-down.
Hence up-and-ˈdownishness; up-and-ˈdowny a. nonce-wds.
1853R. S. Surtees Sponge's Sp. Tour xliv, The up-and-downy, wavy piece of road. 1873A. J. Ellis in Trans. Philol. Soc. 130 Such wonderful up-and-downishness does not shew much declamatory taste. |