| 释义 |
humanist|ˈhjuːmənɪst|
[ad. F. humaniste (1539 in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. It. umanista (Ariosto Sat. vii): see human and -ist.]
1. A student of human affairs, or of human nature; formerly, sometimes, † a secular writer (as distinguished from a divine).
1617Moryson Itin. iii. 11 The Humanist, I meane him that affects the knowledge of State affaires, Histories [etc.]. a1734North Exam. iii. vi. §36 (1740) 449 What a Discovery is it..that Vice raged at Court? Is it not the Hackney Observation of all Humanists? 1863Mrs. C. Clarke Shaks. Char. ix. 215 The ample wisdom and bland morality of such a humanist as Shakespeare.
2. One devoted to or versed in the literary studies called ‘the humanities’; a classical scholar; esp. a Latinist, a professor or teacher of Latin. arch. (Sometimes by early writers opposed to ‘divine’.)
1589Fleming Virg. Georg. To Rdr., Considering the expositors drift to consist in deliuering a direct order of construction for the releefe of weake Grammatists, not in attempting by curious deuise and disposition, to content courtly Humanists. 1596Harington Metam. Ajax 74, I might repute him as a good humanist, but I should ever doubt him for a good devine. 1605Bacon Adv. Learn. ii. x. §2 Antiquaries, Poets, Humanists, States-men, Merchants, Diuines. 1610Healey Vives' Comm. St. Aug. Citie of God (1620) 512 The humanists cannot agree about the first city-founder. 1676W. Row Contn. Blair's Autobiog. xii. (1848) 397 One Mr. Andrew Bruce, humanist in the Old College. 1691Wood Ath. Oxon. II. 283 Jeremy Taylor..was a rare Humanist. 1755Johnson, Humanist, a philologer; a grammarian: a term used in the schools of Scotland. 1817J. Brown Gospel Truth Stated (1831) 70 What he was for a humanist..his translation of his own work..into good Roman Latin will abundantly testify. 1876Grant Burgh Sch. Scotl. ii. xiii. 366 In 1620 he [the Master of the grammar School]..was nominated grammarian or humanist in King's college.
3. Lit. Hist. One of the scholars who, at the Revival of Learning in the fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth centuries, devoted themselves to the study of the language, literature, and antiquities of Rome, and afterwards of Greece; hence, applied to later disciples of the same culture.
1670R. Lassels Voy. Italy II. 361 Of this town was Cælius Rhodiginus.. and Bonifacius Bonifacii, another learned humanist. 1764Gibbon Misc. Wks. (1814) V. 455 The humanists of the fifteenth century revived the knowledge of the ancients. 1870Seeley Lect. & Ess. 135 Milton lived in antiquity as much as any fifteenth-century humanist. 1876Fairbairn Strauss ii. in Contemp. Rev. June 140 Hutten had united in him the culture of the humanist and the energy of the enthusiast. 1879M. Arnold Mixed Ess., Equality 80 Milton was born a humanist, but the Puritan temper mastered him. 1895Dublin Rev. Oct. 318 A society of heathen-minded Humanists under the presidency of..Pomponius Laetus.
attrib.1881G. W. Kitchin in Encycl. Brit. XII. 412/2 Italy, that holy land of Humanist enthusiasm. 1882–3Schaff Encycl. Relig. Knowl. III. 2033 Among the humanist predecessors of the Reformation. 1887J. C. Morison Service of Man (1889) 152 His superior culture and humanist sense of the ‘becoming’.
4. Theol. Hist. (See quot.)
1860J. Gardner Faiths World II. 76 Humanists, a class of thinkers which arose in Germany towards the end of the eighteenth century, originating chiefly from the diffusion of the writings of Rousseau..Their system..usually called Humanism..sought to level all family distinctions, all differences of rank, all nationality, all positive moral obligation, all positive religion, and to train mankind to be men, as..the highest accomplishment.
5. Philos. One whose beliefs are in accordance with humanism 5. Also attrib.
1903F. C. S. Schiller Humanism p. xxi, A humanist philosopher is sure to be keenly interested in the rich variety of human thought and sentiment, and unwilling to ignore the actual facts for the sake of bolstering up the narrow abstractions of some a priori theory of what ‘all men must’ think and feel... The humanist, accordingly, will tend to grow humane, and tolerant of the divergences of attitude which must inevitably spring from the divergent idiosyncrasies of men. 1904W. James in Mind XIII. 462 Bergson in France, and his disciples the physicists Wilbois and Leroy, are thorough-going humanists in the sense defined. 1949J. Gutman in P. A. Schilpp Philos. Ernst Cassirer ii. xiii. 464 Thus as an historian and as a humanist Cassirer once again raised the standard of self-knowledge, [and] reaffirmed the doctrine that the unexamined life is no life for man. 1961L. Elvin in J. S. Huxley Humanist Frame 272 The Humanist is content to leave it to the free play of thought, so long as thought is kept free. 1963J. S. Huxley Human Crisis 19 Today, the new humanist vision is giving us the key idea of man as the agent for the whole future of evolution on this planet. 1966C. H. D. Clark Scientist & Supernatural v. 175 The humanist trust in reason alone is actually unreasonable, since logic would suggest that affluence and scientific advancement ought to be accompanied by increasing mental satisfaction. 1968A. J. Ayer Humanist Outlook 4 Present-day humanists are in fact the intellectual heirs of those nineteenth-century free-thinkers. |