| 释义 |
homogenize, v.|həʊˈmɒdʒɪnaɪz|
[f. homogene + -ize.]
1. a. trans. To render homogeneous; to unite or incorporate into a single whole of uniform composition; to make uniform or similar. Also fig.
1886Fortn. Rev. XL. 201 The whole island [Ireland] would have become homogenized by the action of strong centripetal forces. 1908Practitioner June 831 Nebel homogenises the sputum with lime-water. 1957W. H. Whyte Organization Man xxiv. 323 In the new middle-class rhythm of life obligations are homogenized, for the overriding aim is to have oneself precommitted to regular, unvarying monthly payments on all the major items. 1964M. McLuhan Understanding Media (1967) ii. x. 101 The new centralist power always takes action to homogenize as many marginal areas as possible. Ibid. xxiii. 244 Any community that wants to..maximize the exchange of goods..has simply got to homogenize its social life. 1965Times Lit. Suppl. 25 Nov. 1063/3 To omit the commas..is in a sense to denature or homogenize the lines.
b. To subject (milk or another emulsion) to a process by which the suspended globules or droplets are broken up into smaller ones and distributed throughout the liquid, so that they have no tendency to collect into a cream.
1904Sci. Amer. 16 Apr. 315/2 To the many methods of purifying, modifying, and preserving milk must now be added a process for homogenizing it so that it will keep almost indefinitely. 1913Pharmaceutical Jrnl. 24 May 734/1 It has become the practice of the emulsion manufacturer to perfect his emulsions by the use of..the apparatus constructed for the dairyman and used..for homogenising milk. 1936W. L. Davies Chem. Milk xii. 256 Gaulin..first conceived the idea of homogenising already existing emulsions, such as milk, so as to obtain greater stability. 1949Kirk & Othmer Encycl. Chem. Technol. IV. 823 The purpose of homogenizing evaporated milk is to prevent fat separation in the manufactured product. 1971Nature 29 Oct. 617/2 Machines with triple-piston pumps..are used extensively in..the dairy industry, for homogenizing milk, cream, ice-cream mix and other products.
c. To make (an alloy) more uniform in chemical composition by holding it at a high temperature for a period and then allowing it to cool slowly.
1924[see homogenizing vbl. n. and ppl. adj. below]. 1948Metals Handbk. (Amer. Soc. Metals) 977/1 The [magnesium] alloys that contain aluminum may be homogenized in cast form. 1955E. Johnson in W. C. Newell Casting of Steel x. 448 The practice of homogenizing alloy castings at 850°C to 950°C for one hour per inch of heaviest section is common. 1965P. G. Shewmon in R. W. Cahn Physical Metall. viii. 372 This also indicates one reason why a wrought product is more easily homogenized..than a cast product.
d. To prepare a suspension of cell fragments and cell constituents from (tissue) by physical treatment in a liquid medium.
1936Jrnl. Biol. Chem. XXXVI. 504 A new method for the study of tissue respiration is described in which the tissues are homogenized in a buffer medium by a high speed glass pestle. 1959Sci. News LIII. 51 They killed the guinea-pig, rapidly dissected out its liver, and homogenized it in sugar solution in a Waring blendor. 1964G. H. Haggis et al. Introd. Molecular Biol. ii. 31 The tissue is first homogenized, the cells being disrupted by the shearing forces of the homogenizer. 1971Nature 10 Sept. 127/1 The brains were homogenized in cold distilled water (6 ml./brain) at 850 r.p.m. using a ‘Teflon’ pestle.
2. intr. To become homogeneous; to respond to homogenization.
1938D. K. Bullens Steel & its Heat Treatment (ed. 4) I. v. 131 The same procedure of air cooling may be used even upon steels that would readily homogenize at ordinary annealing temperatures. 1949Brick & Phillips Structure & Properties of Alloys (ed. 2) xi. 323 Small castings usually consist of very fine dendrites that homogenize quite readily with respect to C and Mn.
So hoˈmogenizing vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1913Pharmaceutical Jrnl. 24 May 734/1 The actual homogenising section of the machine is a valve formed by an agate cone which is pressed into a gun-metal seating. 1924Jeffries & Archer Sci. of Metals x. 353 The effect of a homogenizing treatment on the properties of an alloy. 1963Times 14 Feb. 12/7 The curious homogenizing process of reaching a consensus. 1964M. McLuhan Understanding Media (1967) ii. xxxi. 344 The homogenizing power of the literate process had gone further in America by 1800 than anywhere in Europe. |