| 释义 |
▪ I. holt1|həʊlt|
Also 4–7 holte, 5 halte, 6 Sc. hout, 6–7 hoult.
[OE. holt = OFris., OS. holt, MDu., Du. hout wood (as material); OHG., MHG., Ger. holz wood, a wood, ON. holt wood, copse, now in Icel. ‘a rough stony hill or ridge’:—OTeut. *hulto-:—pre-Teut. *kḷdó-: cf. OSlav. klada beam, rafter, stump, timber, Gr. κλάδος twig, OIr. caill, coill (-ll from -ld) wood.]
†1. Wood, timber. (OE. only, and doubtful.)
a900Cynewulf Juliana 577 in Exeter Bk., He læmen fæt biwyrcan het wundor-cræfte wiᵹes womum and wudubeamum holte bi[h]lænan.
2. A wood; a copse. Now poet. and dial. (Occurs in many place-names and derived surnames.)
Beowulf (Z.) 2598 Hy on holt buᵹon. c1000ælfric Gram. ix. (Z.) 59 Nemus, holt. c1205Lay. 20124 Þenne he cumeð of holte. c1345Orpheo 207 Now wol y be, And wonne there in holtys hore. c1374Chaucer Troylus iii. 302 (351) These holtes and these hayes That han in wynter ded ben and dreye. a1450Le Morte Arth. 3029 A chapelle he lette make By-twene two hye holtys hore. 1513Douglas æneis vii. Prol. 66 Woddis, forestis, wyth nakyt bewis blout, Stud strypyt of thair weyd in every hout. 1600Fairfax Tasso iii. vi. 7 As the winde in hoults and shady greaues, A murmur makes, among the boughes and leaues. 1664Evelyn Sylva (1776) 222 In the fresher bottoms and sides of hills, hoults, and in hedge rows. 1695Bp. Patrick Comm. Gen. 241 A Holt or Grove of Oakes. 1796Scott Wild Huntsman xxii, The timorous prey Scours moss and moor, and holt and hill. 1864Tennyson En. Ard. 676 Narrow breadth to left and right Of wither'd holt or tilth or pasturage. 1887Kent Gloss., Holt, a wood.
b. A plantation, esp. of osiers. local.
1611Cotgr., Islaye,..a hoult, or plot wherein Oziers, or twig-withies grow. 1795Trans. Soc. Arts XIII. 142 What has been done towards making these plantations or holts? 1813T. Martin Circle Mech. Arts, Basket-making 67 In the fens, many holts (as they are provincially called), or plantations of osiers are raised. a1825Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Holt, a small grove or plantation. We have gooseberry-holts, cherry-holts, nut-holts, osier-holts, &c.
3. A wooded hill.[This sense may have arisen from a misunderstanding of ‘holtis hie’ in ME. poems; but cf. Icel. holt rough hill.] 1567Turberv. Songs & Sonn. (T.), Yee that frequent the hilles, And highest holtes of all. 1757Dyer Fleece ii. 382 Whose rustic muse O'er heath and craggy holt her wing display'd. 1825Brockett, Holt, a peaked hill covered with wood. 1848Lytton Harold vii. ii, Let his feet..climb the green holts of England.
†4. (See quot.) Obs.
1611Cotgr., Heulet, a Hoult, or little Isle cut out of the land of purpose to be ouerflowed euerie tyde by the sea; that of the froth thereof..salt may be made.
5. Comb., as holt side; † holt-felster, i.e. holt-feller, a woodcutter; † holt-wood, a wood.
a1000Phœnix 171 in Exeter Bk., Ðear he heanne beam on holt-wuda wunað. 13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 742 Hiȝe hillez on vche a halue, & holt wodez vnder. c1400Destr. Troy 1350 The Troiens..Fleddon in fere..ouer hilles and hethes into holte woddes. a1678Marvell Appleton Ho. 538 But most the hewel's wonders are, Who here has the holtfelster's care.
▪ II. holt2
[An unexplained phonetic variant of hold n.1, which is still so pronounced in the midland (and some southern) counties and regionally in the United States.]
1. Hold, grasp, grip; support, sustenance. dial. and U.S. colloq. Cf. a-holt (s.v. a-hold adv. phr.).
c1375in Pol. Rel. & L. Poems 241 Alas! helle me hath in holt in ruyde; Ȝe deuel in pine for worldes pride. c1410Love Bonavent. Mirr. lix. (Gibbs MS.) lf. 114 Þe..strengeste holt and comforte þat þay myghten haue. 1619R. Harris Drunkard's Cup 19 Yet would he not leaue his holte. 1825J. Neal Bro. Jonathan II. 60 [He cried] ‘lay holt there; lay holt, every one o' you’, throwing the reins behind him, into the carriage. 1848Bartlett Dict. Amer., Holt, for hold. Ex. ‘Death has got holt of him.’ 1881Leicester Gloss. s.v., When they'n wanst took holt. Mod. midl. dial. Ketch 'olt on 'im! 1898E. N. Westcott David Harum xxii. 199 Of course you've heard the things that some folk say of him, an'..they got some holt on your mind. 1909R. A. Wason Happy Hawkins iv. 52 He'd 'a' been killed that trip if you hadn't taken holt when you did. 1930Amer. Speech V. 151 Catch holt of, grab. ‘Catch holt of my hand, quickly.’ 1940W. Faulkner Hamlet iv. i. 313 ‘Grab a holt,’ the Texan said. Eck grasped the wire also.
†2. A stronghold; = hold n.1 10. Obs.
1586J. Hooker Girald. Irel. in Holinshed II. 11/1 Building a holt or castell vpon a certeine rockie hill. 1600Holland Livy xxxi. xxx. 791 Our ancestors inhabited those small holts [castellis]. Ibid. xl. xxii. 1075 They wasted and destroied their holts.
3. A place of refuge or abode; a lurking-place; an animal's lair or den, esp. that of an otter: = hold n.1 9.
1590Sir T. Cockaine Treat. Hunt. D ij b, An Otter..before he come to the holt where he lyeth. 1766Pennant Zool. (1812) I. 120 [The otter] forms before it reaches the top several holts, or lodges. 1885Badm. Libr., Hunting 314 An old otter going for a strong holt. 1890O. Crawfurd Round Calend. in Portugal 24 The others..frighten the trout from their ‘holts’ behind stones. |