| 释义 |
▪ I. holder1|ˈhəʊldə(r)|
[f. hold v. + -er1.]
I. One who or that which holds or takes hold.
1. a. One who holds or grasps.
14..Nom. in Wr.-Wülcker 687/14 Hic stinarius, a halder. 1552Huloet, Holder,..he that holdeth fast. 1610W. Folkingham Art of Survey i. viii. 16 Rooks runne fluttering after the share at the verie heeles of the holder. 1756T. Hale Compl. Body Agric. vi. lix. 331 The Holder may also make some alteration in the going of the Plow by the Handles. 1859Dickens T. Two Cities ii. i, The holder of a horse at Tellson's door, who made off with it. 1863A. J. Horwood Yearbks. 30 & 31 Edw. I Pref. 37 The rope broke not by reason of the holders moving or jerking it.
b. with prep.
1857Hughes Tom Brown i. vi, Bigoted holders by established forms and customs.
2. a. One who holds, occupies, possesses, or owns; a tenant, occupier, possessor, owner; a shareholder. Often in Comb., as freeholder, householder, innholder, loanholder, shareholder, etc.
c1350in Eng. Gilds 362 After þe deth of euerych haldere in ffee. c1449Pecock Repr. (1860) I. 93 The holders of the ij⊇ opinioun. 1609Holland Amm. Marcell. xviii. v. 111 Being now a landed man, and a holder of possessions there. 1838De Morgan Ess. Probab. 218 Suppose that the holder of the policy wishes to sell his interest. 1848J. J. Ruskin Let. 22 Mar. in M. Lutyens Effie in Venice (1965) i. 17 A person of very sound Judgement on Railroad Shares... To Holders he says—if they have no other means of meeting Calls—sell. 1856Bouvier Law Dict. (ed. 6) I. 588 The holder of a bill of exchange is the person who is legally in the possession of it, either by endorsement or delivery, or both. 1869Arber Latimer's Serm. bef. Edw. VI Contents 3 The present holder of the farm.
b. Sports. The possessor for the time (as the winner) of a championship, cup, etc. which is open to competition.
1830Sporting Mag. 2nd Ser. I. 337/1 The holder [of the sculls] shall row the best, or only, challenger, on the 10th of August. 1873Football Ann. 54 Association Challenge Cup, 1872–73... Final Tie. Wanderers (holders) beat Oxford Association by two goals..to none. 1887Athletic Jrnl. 9 Aug. 16 West Manchester (the winners and present holders of the Manchester Cup). 1900Field 7 July 3/3 Hants County Public School Challenge Shield... This annual competition was held on the playgrounds of the holders, Churcher's College, Petersfield, on Thursday in last week. Ibid. 14 July 61/1 The holder of the challenge cup, Wadsley, was quite unable to do himself justice. 1928Daily Mail 25 July 14/7 Middlesex, the holders, are..the only county to have won two matches in this group. 1955Times 16 June 3/2 The effect on the players was clearly seen when L. Hoad, the holder, beat R. Bedard.
3. A contrivance for holding, containing, or supporting something. Often preceded by a word denoting what is held, as bouquet-holder, cigar-holder, gas-holder, pen-holder, whip-holder, etc.: see the first element.
1833J. Holland Manuf. Metal II. 139 The tool for cutting, &c. is fixed in the two holders..by their screws. 1842–4H. Stephens Bk. Farm (1871) I. 408 If she [the cow] is known to have a fractious temper, it is better to put a holder in her nose. 1846R. Ford Gatherings from Spain xxiv. 338 A Spanish fore-finger and thumb are quite fire-browned and fire-proof, although some polished exquisites use silver holders. c1865J. Wylde in Circ. Sc. I. 63/1 In using small holders, such should be..emptied of all gas. 1876G. Roslyn Geo. Eliot in Derbysh. 50 A small Quaker⁓shaped bonnet..hung on a holder in the wall. 1884World 29 Oct. 12 Long streamers of the brigade ribbon were tied round the bouquet-holders. 1916E. F. Benson David Blaize vi. 111 A magnificent present of twenty-five cigarettes and a cherry⁓wood holder. 1957J. Osborne Entertainer 16 He unwraps the cigarettes and takes out an ivory holder from his waistcoat.
4. a. A canine tooth.
1672Lond. Gaz. No. 686/4 His [a dog's] Holders broak. 1854Owen Skel. & Teeth in Circ. Sc., Organ. Nat. I. 279 Large conical teeth situated behind the incisors..are called holders, tearers, laniaries, or more commonly, canine teeth.
b. A prehensile organ in some animals.
1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1862) I. xiv. 233 The insects have feelers; and the worms, holders. 1822–34Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) I. 271 [Long tape-worm] with a terminal mouth surrounded by two rows of radiate hooks or holders.
5. With adverbs, as holder-forth, one who ‘holds forth’, a preacher, orator (somewhat contemptuous); holder-on, one who holds on (in quot. one who shoots direct at the game; see hold v. 28); holder-out, one who holds out: see hold v. 41 j; holder-up, one who holds up or sustains; a supporter, maintainer; spec. a workman who supports a rivet with a hand-anvil or sledge-hammer in riveting.
1661Trial J. James in Howell St. Trials (1816) VI. 71 By this time John James was brought into the meeting⁓place, and the Lieutenant..said to the women, What have you no better a *holder-forth than he? a1704T. Brown 2 Oxf. Schol. Wks. 1730 I. 2, I shall receive a call to be a Pastor or Holder-forth in some Congregation or other. a1754Fielding New Way to Keep Wife i. ii, Thou art a fine promising holder forth..and dost begin to preach in a most orthodox manner.
1881Greener Gun 486 A bird crossing was fired at by one of the ‘*holders on’.
1643E. Udall Serm. (1645) 21 Constant..*holders out in righteousnesse to the end.
c1374Chaucer Troylus ii. 595 (644) Here comeþ..his brother, *holdere vp of Troye! 1548Udall Erasm. Par. Luke i. (1551) 225 The sturdy holders vp of their snoute, he hath cast downe. 1869E. J. Reed Shipbuild. xvii. 340 Each ‘set’ of riveters consists of two riveters, ‘a holder-up’, and one or two boys.
II. That of which hold is taken.
6. The strap by which a carriage window is drawn up; also, the strap on the back of a carriage by which footmen hold.
1794W. Felton Carriages (1801) I. 137 By holders and strings are meant the lace..for the purpose of holding by, or drawing up the glasses with. Ibid., Every inside⁓holder takes a yard of lace, and every footman-holder a yard and a half. 1825T. Cosnett Footman's Direct. 213 Hold fast with the holders on the left side with your left hand.
▪ II. holder2
[f. hold n.2 + -er1.]
A workman employed in a ship's hold.
1495Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 22 §1 An holder by the day ijd with mete and drinke. 1800Colquhoun Comm. Thames iv. 179 Holders are persons who unstow the Cargo during the discharge. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Holders, the people employed in the hold duties of a ship. |