| 释义 |
▪ I. hoist, v.|hɔɪst|
Also 6 hoihst, 6–7 hoyst.
[orig. a corruption of hoiss, hoise v.; perh. through taking the pa. tense and pple. as the stem: cf. graff, graft; also amidst, whilst, wonst = once.]
1. a. trans. To raise aloft; to set or put up; to place on high. (Also with up.)
1548Udall Erasm. Par. Luke xxiv. 181 b, His onely soonne they hoihsted vp and nayled on the crosse. 1573–80Baret Alv. H 531 Hoist me this fellowe on thy backe Dromo and carrie him in. 1606Shakes. Ant. & Cl. iv. xii. 34 Let him take thee, And hoist thee vp to the shouting Plebeians. 1607Heywood Wom. kilde w. Kindn. Wks. 1874 II. 93 This marriage musicke hoists me from the ground. 1878Huxley Physiogr. xii. 186 Beds of dead mussels were..hoisted ten feet above high-water mark. 1883M. E. Braddon Phantom Fortune III. 106 Lesbia mounted lightly to..the box-seat; and Lady Kirkbank was hoisted up after her.
b. esp. A flag, colours, or the like. Here the sense is often the same as in 2.
1697[see flag n.4 2]. 1748Anson's Voy. i. iv. 40 We saw the two forts hoist their colours. 1836W. Irving Astoria I. 201 The drums beat to arms, the colours were hoisted. 1874Green Short Hist. vii. §6. 406 English vessels hoisted the flag of the States for a dash at the Spanish traders.
c. spec. To lift up on the back of another in order to receive a flogging. Cf. hoister b.
c1719Lett. fr. Mist's Jrnl. (1722) I. 183, I have been hoisted many a time for translating a Piece..for him, while he had been hunting Bird-nests. 1835Marryat Jac. Faithf. iv, He was hoisted: his nether garments descended, and then the birch descended with all the vigour of the Domine's muscular arm. 1862Mrs. H. Wood Channings vii. 55 Seniors have been hoisted afore now.
d. fig.
1814Cary Dante, Par. xxi. 124 Modern Shepherds [of the Church] need..from behind, Others to hoist them. 1822W. Irving Braceb. Hall vii. 60 Having been hoisted to the rank of general.
2. To raise by means of tackle or other mechanical appliance. (Also with up.) to hoist down: to lower. to hoist out (a boat): to launch, lower. See hoise v. 1.
1578T. N. tr. Conq. W. India Pref. 9 But hoysted saile to search the golden vaine. 1594tr. Linschoten's Voy. in Arb. Garner III. 20 They which hoist up the mainyard by a wheel. 1698S. Sewall Diary 14 Apr. (1878) I. 477 A Lad was kill'd by a hogshead of sugar falling on him as it was hoisting into a Boat. 1719De Foe Crusoe i. xviii, We saw them (by the help of my glasses) hoist another boat out. 1762Falconer Shipwr. ii. 101 The boats then hoisted in are fix'd on board. 1794Rigging & Seamanship I. 165 Down-hauler, a rope which hoists down the stay-sails. 1876R. Routledge Discov. 20 Engines of this kind..are also much used by contractors, for hoisting stones.
†3. To lift and remove, to bear away. Obs.
c1550Pryde & Ab. Wom. 16 in Hazl. E.P.P. IV. 232 But theyr prayse and cloke wyll not serve, But hoyst them to the devyll of hell. 1599Nashe Lenten Stuffe 47 She saw her mistris mounted a cock-horse, and hoysted away to hell or to heauen. 1762More in Phil. Trans. LII. 452 The stream..had hoisted us far out into the ocean.
†4. To overtax, surcharge. Obs.
1607Middleton Michaelmas T. iv. i. G iij b, Tis for your worships to haue land, that keepe great houses; I should be hoysted. 1611Cotgr., Surtaux, an ouer-cessing, ouer⁓rating, hoisting, surcharging, in the Subsidie booke. Ibid., Surtaxé, ouer-sessed, hoisted, surcharged.
5. intr. (for pass.) To be raised, to rise aloft.
1647H. More Song of Soul iii. App. lvi, Thus dismist th' Assembly, bad Hoyst up into the Air, fly home through clammy shade. c1860H. Stuart Seaman's Catech. 2 It will allow the yard to hoist close up to the block. 1892N.Y. Weekly Witn. 13 Jan. 7/5 He..marches..toward hosannas that ever hoist and hallelujahs that ever roll.
6. Criminals' slang. To break into (a building) (? obs.); to steal, rob. Cf. heist.
1708, etc. [implied at hoister, hoisting vbl. n.]. 1796Grose Dict. Vulgar T. (ed. 2), Hoist, to go upon the hoist; to get into windows accidentally left open. 1931Amer. Speech VII. 109 Heist (or hoist), to hold up a person, or to rob at the point of a gun. 1962Coast to Coast 1961–62 21 ‘I know where we can hoist a car,’ Mick said. ‘We'll carry the stuff in it.’
Hence ˈhoisted ppl. a.; hoister, a housebreaker (? obs.); a shoplifter; a pickpocket; hoisting vbl. n., (esp.) shoplifting.
c1611Chapman Iliad xvii. 256 Down fell Letheides, and..the body's hoisted foot. 1708J. Hall Mem. (ed. 4) 6 Hoisters, such as help one another upon their Backs in the Night-time to get into Windows. 1790H. T. Potter New Dict. Cant & Flash Lang. (1795) (ed. 2) 34 Hoister, a shoplifter. 1897Daily News 21 Dec. 8/3 The hoisted board ‘House Full’..is a common occurrence. 1936J. Curtis Gilt Kid iv. 39 What did you get done for? Hoisting? 1938F. D. Sharpe Sharpe of Flying Squad xiv. 154 Gangs of women shop⁓lifters or ‘Hoisters’ are to be found in Hoxton. 1960Observer 25 Dec. 7/6 Various petty fiddles and con games to which Christmas trading lent itself, and of course hoisting—shoplifting. 1966New Statesman 23 Dec. 934/2 You know Annie Ward, well she's on the hoisting racket. 1970M. Kenyon 100,000 Welcomes ii. 10 That half-world of hustlers, hoisters, screwsmen, bogeys, bird, bent gear and tom. 1970G. F. Newman Sir, You Bastard ii. 45 The hoister was held under a guard a dozen strong. 1971L. Gribble Alias the Victim viii. 140 Cop slang. A hoister is a pick⁓pocket or shoplifter.
▪ II. hoist, n.
[f. hoist v.]
1. An act of hoisting; a lift; a shove up.
1654Gayton Pleas. Notes iv. xxv. 286 He is upon his second hoyst into the Cart. 1674N. Fairfax Bulk & Selv. Ep. Ded., To be lifted up by the Hoist of breath. 1813Scott Fam. Lett. 9 Mar. (1894) I. ix. 274, I wish you would give the raw author..a hoist to notice, by speaking of him now and then. 1894Crockett Raiders 231 As one gets to the edge of a wall when a comrade gives a hoist up.
2. Something hoisted; Naut. a number of flags hoisted together as a signal.
1805W. Pasco in Daily News (1896) 21 Oct. 5/6 As the last hoist was handed down Nelson turned to Captain Blackwood..with ‘Now I can do no more’.
3. A thing by which something is hoisted; a machine for conveying persons and things from one level to another, in mines, factories, hotels, etc.; an elevator, a lift. Also preceded by a defining word.
1835Ure Philos. Manuf. 46 The teagle..or hoist consists of three principal parts. 1852–61Archit. Publ. Soc. Dict. IV. 64, Hoist, the name given to the machinery that has lately been introduced into building operations for the purpose of raising materials to the heights required in the construction. 1869Athenæum 9 Oct. 466 Lifts and hoists are vulgar things in common hotels and warehouses for conveying ordinary people, sacks and casks to upper stories. a1884Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl. 12/2 Pneumatic hoist. Ibid. 459/1 Builder's hoist. 1963A. Lubbock Austral. Roundabout 195 Small bungalow homes with the sun-fresh washing blowing..from the rotary hoists in their back gardens. 1967Nursing Times 18 Aug. 1091/2 The Winchester hoist has also an important use in home nursing.
4. Naut.
a. The middle part of a mast.
b. The perpendicular height of a sail or a flag.
c. The extent to which a sail or yard is hoisted (Cent. Dict.).
d. The fore edge of a staysail.
1764Veicht in Phil. Trans. LIV. 288 Each of these parts of the mast are divided as to length, and have their proper names..the middle part, which reaches from a little below the rigging, to that place, where the lowermost part begins..is often called the hoist, or hoisting part. 1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1789), Guindant,..the hoist or heighth of an ensign or flag. 1794Rigging & Seamanship I. 89, Stay⁓holes, holes made through staysails, at certain distances along the hoist. 1841–62Totten Naval Text Bk. 340 The hoist of a sail or flag is its perpendicular height; applied to staysails or headsails, it means the foremost leeches. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. s.v. Leeches, The sails which are fixed obliquely on the masts have their leeches named from their situation with regard to the ship's length, as the hoist or luff, or fore-leech of the mizen, the after-leech of the jib, &c.
5. Housebreaking (? obs.); shoplifting. Criminals' slang.
1714A. Smith Hist. Highwaymen I. 143 He pursued his old Courses of going on the Top or Hoist, that is, breaking into a House in a dark Evening, by getting in at a Window one Story high, which they perform by one Thief standing on the Shoulders of another. a1790H. T. Potter New Dict. Cant & Flash Lang. (1795) (ed. 2) 39 Lift, or hoist, shop-lifting, or robbing a shop. 1812J. H. Vaux Mem. (1819) 180 Hoist. The game of shop-lifting is called the hoist; a person expert at this practice is said to be a good hoist. 1914Jackson & Hellyer Vocab. Criminal Slang 44 Hoist, the profession of shoplifting. 1938F. D. Sharpe Sharpe of Flying Squad i. 15 Shoplifting as an art known as ‘The Hoist’, and its devotees are called ‘Hoisters’. 1958F. Norman Bang to Rights 72 My old woman's still out on the hoist now.
▪ III. hoist
pa.t. and pple. of hoise; obs. Sc. form of host, var. hoast. |