| 释义 |
deduce, v.|dɪˈdjuːs|
Also 6–7 erron. diduce.
[ad. L. dēdūc-ĕre to lead down, derive, in med.L. to infer logically, f. de- I. 1, 2 + dūcĕre to lead. Cf. deduct. In 16–17th c. there was frequent confusion of the forms of deduce and diduce, q.v.
(The sense-development had already taken place in Latin, and does not agree with the chronological data in English.)]
1. lit. trans.
a. To bring, convey; spec. (after Lat.), to lead forth or conduct (a colony). arch.
1578Banister Hist. Man v. 71 If any of the wayes deducyng choler, come vnto the bottome of the ventricle. 1612Selden Illustr. of Drayton §17 (R.) Advising him he should hither deduce a colony. 1685Stillingfl. Orig. Brit. i. 5 The Romans began to deduce Colonies, to settle Magistrates and Jurisdictions here. 1822T. Taylor Apuleius 340 Sagacious nature may from thence deduce it [the blood] through all the members. 1866J. B. Rose Virgil's Georg. 88 Still Ausonian colonists rehearse, Deduced from Troy, the incoherent verse.
†b. To bring or draw (water, etc.) from. Obs.
1602W. Fulbecke 2nd Pt. Parall. 54 By that meane he deduced water out of the earth. c1630Risdon Surv. Devon §107 (1810) 104 Conduits..nourished with waters deduced from out of the fields.
†c. To bring or draw down. Obs.
1621G. Sandys Ovid's Met. xii. (1626) 244 Orions mother Mycale, eft-soone Could with her charmes deduce the strugling Moone.
†2. fig.
a. To lead, bring. Obs.
1545Joye Exp. Dan. Ded. A. iv, Christ himself doth..deduce us unto the readinge of thys boke. 1585J. Hilton in Fuller Ch. Hist. ix. vi. §27 That..we be..made partakers of his Testament, and so deduced to the knowledge of his godly will. 1706Collier Refl. Ridic. 25 He continually deduces the conversation to this topick.
†b. Law. To bring before a tribunal.
1612Bacon Ess. Judicature (Arb.) 458 Many times, the thing deduced to Iudgement, may bee meum et tuum [etc.].
†c. To lead away, turn aside, divert.
1541Act 33 Hen. VIII, c. 32 The vicar..wolde deduce them from their said most accustomable parishe church of Whitegate, vnto his said church of Ouer. 1647Lilly Chr. Astrol. clxvii. 720 The force of a Direction may continue many yeers, untill the Significator is deduced to another Promittor.
†d. To bring down, convey by inheritance.
1633Bp. Hall Hard Texts 483 If Abraham..had this land given to him for his inheritance, how much more may wee, his seed, (to whom it is deduced)..challenge a due interest in it. 1641‘Smectymnuus’ Answ. §6 (1653) 32 How this should have beene deduced to us in an uninterrupted Line, wee know not.
3. To draw or obtain from some source; to derive. Now somewhat rare.
1565–78Cooper Thesaurus Introd., Whether the word be a Primative or derivative deduced of some other. 1596H. Clapham Briefe Bible i. 15 He, of Nothing, created Something..whereout, Al other Creatures were to be diduced. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1638) 232 A ceremony diduced from the Romans. 1665Ibid. (1677) 181 Rivers that deduce their Springs near each other. 1790Cowper My Mother's Picture 108 My boast is not, that I deduce my birth From loins enthron'd, and rulers of the earth. 1869Farrar Fam. Speech i. (1873) 20 The attempt to prove that all languages were deduced from the Hebrew.
b. intr. To be derived. rare. (Cf. to derive.)
1866J. B. Rose tr. Ovid's Fasti Notes 240 The former notion of a bird..may deduce from the eastern word Gaph. 1889Courtney Mill 20 The very first principles from which it deduces, are so little axiomatic that, etc.
4. trans. To trace the course of, trace out, go through in order (as in narrative or description); to bring down (a record) from or to a particular period. † Formerly, also, To conduct (a process), handle, treat, deal with (a matter).
1528Gardiner in Pocock Rec. Ref. I. l. 115 Considering how the process might be after the best sort deduced and handled. c1645Howell Lett. vi. 61, I will deduce the business from the beginning. 1659Bp. Walton Consid. Considered 259 These things are largely deduced and handled in the same Prolegomena. 1685Stillingfl. Orig. Brit. iii. 88 Having deduced the Succession of the British Churches down to..the first Councel of Arles. 1728–46Thomson Spring 577 Lend me your song, ye nightingales..while I deduce, From the first note the hollow cuckoo sings, The symphony of Spring. 1776Gibbon Decl. & Fall I. 296 The general design of this work will not permit us..to deduce the various fortunes of his private life. 1818Jas. Mill Brit. India i. (1840) I. 2 To deduce to the present times a history of..the British transactions, which have had an immediate relation to India. 1866J. Martineau Ess. I. 149 All the optical history..is elaborately deduced.
5. To trace the derivation or descent of, to show or hold (a thing) to be derived from.
a1536Tindale Wks. 21 (R.) Deducyng the loue to God out of fayth, and the loue of a man's neighbour out of the loue of God. 1579W. Fulke Ref. Rastel 715 They could not deduce the beginning from y⊇ Apostles. 1658Ussher Annals 593 They deduced themselves from the Athenians. 1676Hodgson in Phil. Trans. XI. 766 Those..who deduce the Scurvy from the use of Sugar. 1767Blackstone Comm. II. 114 He cannot deduce his descent wholly by heirs male.
6. To derive or draw as a conclusion from something already known or assumed; to derive by a process of reasoning or inference; to infer. (The chief current sense.)
1529More Dyaloge iii. Wks. 215/2 Y⊇ case once graunted, ye deduce your conclusion very surelye. 1651Baxter Inf. Bapt. 87 It must be [known] rationally by deducing it from some premises. 1696Whiston Th. Earth ii. (1722) 184 The knowledge of Causes is deduc'd from their Effects. 1788Reid Aristotle's Log. iv. §4. 83 Rules..deduced from the particular cases before determined. 1812Sir H. Davy Chem. Philos. p. viii, It was deduced from an indirect experiment. 1849Murchison Siluria i. (1867) 2 This inference has been deduced from positive observation. 1885C. Leudesdorf Cremona's Proj. Geom. 277 From this we deduce a method for the construction.
b. Less commonly with obj. clause.
1532More Confut. Tindale Wks. 461/2 We deduce ther⁓upon that he wil not suffer his church fal into y⊇ erronious belief of anie damnable vntrouthe. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. v. vi. 243 That the custome of feasting upon beds was in use among the Hebrewes, many diduce from the 23. of Ezekiel.
†7. To deduct, subtract. Obs.
1563–7Buchanan Reform. St. Andros Wks. (1892) 14 The principal sal deduce sa mekle of hys gagis. 1614Bp. Hall Recoll. Treat. 514 The more we deduce, the fewer we leave. 1632B. Jonson Magn. Lady ii. i, A matter of four hundred To be deduced upon the payment. 1662Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. i. v. §3, 1117. which being deduced from 3940. the remainder is 2823.
†8. To reduce (to a different form). Obs.
1586J. Hooker Girald. Irel. in Holinshed II. 10/1 By these meanes the whole land, which is now diuided into fiue prouinces or portions, maie be deduced and brought into one. 1654Gataker Disc. Apol. 36 After that my Morning Lecture was reduced, or deduced rather, to the ordinarie hour in most places. 1749J. Millan (title), Coins, Weights, and Measures, Ancient and Modern, of all Nations, deduced into English on above 100 Tables.
Hence deˈducing vbl. n., deduction.
1530Palsgr. 212/2 Deducyng, discours. 1532More Confut. Tindale Wks. 461/2 Termes..of drawyng oute & deducinges and depending vpon scrypture. 1651Hobbes Leviath. ii. xxv. 133 Consisting in a deducing of the benefit, or hurt that may arise, etc. 1827Whately Logic (1837) 258 The deducing of an inference from those facts. |