| 释义 |
▪ I. † hock, n.1|hɒk|
[OE. hoc: of unknown origin. (The pl. hockes has been adopted in Welsh as hocys, hocos.)]
A general name for various malvaceous plants, esp. the Common and Marsh Mallow and the Hollyhock. Obs. (exc. in hollyhock).
c725Corpus Gloss. 1288 Malva, hocc, cottuc, vel ᵹearwan leaf. c1000Sax. Leechd. II. 330 Hocces leaf wyl on ealoþ. c1265Voc. Names Plants in Wr.-Wülcker 559/3 Malva,..hoc. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. cvii. (Tollem. MS.), Malua, þe hocke is a nesche herbe. 1578Lyte Dodoens v. xxiii. 581 Flowers..in figure lyke to the common Mallowe or Hocke. 1611Cotgr., Rose d'outre mer, the garden Mallow, called Hocks, and Holyhocks.
▪ II. hock, n.2|hɒk|
[A southern by-form of hoȝ, hoch, hough, which it has largely superseded.]
1. The joint in the hinder leg of a quadruped between the true knee and the fetlock, the angle of which points backward.
1540MS. Acc. St. John's Hosp., Canterb., For tar to ye cowse fote & mendyng a hocke jd. c1720W. Gibson Farrier's Guide i. vi. (1738) 98 The bones of the Hock are in number the same with those in the Knee. 1854R. Owen Skel. & Teeth in Circ. Sc., Organ. Nat. I. 234 The heel-bone, ‘calcaneum’..forms what is called the ‘hock’. 1897Sir E. Wood Achievem. Cavalry v. 92 Your horses cannot charge in mud up to their hocks.
2. The knuckle end of a gammon of bacon, the hock-end.
1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Hock, the small end of a Gammon of Bacon. 1815Sporting Mag. XLVI. 13 A nice hock of ham which I made John leave for you.
3. attrib. and Comb., as hock action, hock-bone, hock-end, hock-joint, etc.; hock-deep adj.
1641Prynne Antip. 2 Odo apprehends her the second time, and cuts off her sinewes at the hock bone. 1865H. H. Dixon Field & Fern V. i. 7 Sir Walter had forgotten none of his beautiful hock action. 1868Ouida Tricotrin (1877) I. 75 The horses of the wagon..stood..hock-deep in grass and rushes. 1874M. A. Ward Outl. Zool. 42 The hock-joint, containing six bones, viz., astragalus, os calcis, cuboid, and three cuneiform, corresponds to our ankle-joint.
▪ III. † hock, n.3 Obs. rare.
[Etymology unknown.]
A caterpillar.
c1420Pallad. on Husb. i. 882 Brenne heer and ther the heedles garlek stelis, The stynke of hit for hockis [contra campas] help and hele is. Ibid. 948 And other als seyn hockis [campas] forto lese Keste figtre aske on hem.
▪ IV. hock, n.4|hɒk|
Also 7 hocke, hoc.
[Shortened from hockamore.]
a. The wine called in German Hochheimer, produced at Hochheim on the Main; hence, commercially extended to other white German wines.
a1625Fletcher Chances v. iii, John..What wine is it? Fred. Hock. 1676D'Urfey Mad. Fickle i. i. (1677) 4 Joll. Here's a glass of excellent old Hock.. Tilb. Old Hock! what a Dickins is that?..Wine was never good since it has been corrupted with such barbarous notions. 1755Mem. Capt. P. Drake II. iii. 156, I requested him to go and take a Whet of Old Hock before Dinner. 1864I. Taylor Words & Places (1882) 282 It would be curious to trace the progress of the perversion whereby the wines which in the fifteenth century used to be correctly designated ‘wines of Rhin’ have come to be called Hocks. Hocheim..lies on the Main and not on the Rhein.
b. attrib., as in hock-bottle, hock-glass, a bottle, or wine-glass, made of coloured glass, used for hock or other white wine; also hock-cup.
1851London at Table iii. 50 (heading) Champagne, Hock, or Chablis cup. 1892Burton Mod. Photogr. (ed. 10) 176 Hock bottles..from their deep red or orange colour, are useful for various parts of the work. 1899Daily News 20 May 8/7 There is a wonderful hock-cup ‘made in Germany’, which the knowing ones partake of. 1958A. L. Simon Dict. Wines 66/2 Hock cup. To a bottle of Hock add 3 wine-glasses of Sherry, 1 lemon sliced, and some balm or borage.
▪ V. hock, n.5
[? shortened from hōk, hook.]
A rod, stick, or chain, with a hook at the end.
1530Palsgr. 231/2 Hocke, crocq. 1693Evelyn De la Quint. Orange Trees xi, As to the Removing and Transporting Cases and Boxes of the Middle and smaller Size, every body knows 'tis done by..strong Coul-Staves, which with good Hocks take hold on the Bottom of the Cases at both sides. 1886Daily News 16 Sept. 7/1 Passing a butcher's shop he caught up a ‘hock’, used for handing down joints of meat, and made several more blows at him.
▪ VI. hock, n.6
[perh. related to hoc.]
a. U.S. ‘In the game of faro, the last card remaining in the box after all the others have been dealt’ (Cent. Dict.).
1859G. W. Matsell Vocabulum 113 Hock, the last card in the box. 1913C. E. Mulford Coming of Cassidy vii. 118 In his agitation he exposed the hock card before he realized what he was doing. 1931G. F. Willison Here They dug Gold 217 The last card, the ‘hock’,..likewise pays nothing.
b. from soda (card) to hock: from the top card to the last in the dealing-box; hence, from beginning to end.
1902H. L. Wilson Spenders v. 49 Young Bines played the deal from soda card to hock. 1918C. E. Mulford Man fr. Bar-20 ii. 21 You got me beat from soda to hock. Ibid. xiii. 134 ‘Are you in?’ ‘Every d―d chip; from my hat to my worn-out boots; from soda to hock.’ 1925― Cottonwood Gulch xvi. 219 You've got 'em all guessin', from soda to hock. Good for you! 1938H. Asbury Sucker's Progress 16 For many years a common expression was ‘from soda to hock’, meaning the whole thing, from soup to nuts.
▪ VII. hock, n.7 U.S. slang.|hɒk|
[a. Du. hok hutch, hovel, prison, (slang) credit, debt.]
a. Phr. in (occas. the) hock: (a) in the act (of gambling); (b) in prison; (c) in pawn; (d) in debt. So occas. out of hock.
1859G. W. Matsell Vocabulum 113 When one gambler is caught by another, smarter than himself, and is beat, then he is in hock. Men are only caught, or put in hock, on the race-tracks, or on the steamboats down South... Among thieves a man is in hock, when he is in prison... ‘If the cove should be caught in the hock he won't snickle,’ if the fellow should be caught in the act, he would not tell. 1860‘C. Martel’ Detective's Note-Bk. 36 In about ten minutes from that time we had them ‘in hock’ (the cells). 1872G. P. Burnham Mem. U.S. Secret Service p. vi, In the hock, in the act of commission; on the spot. 1883H. C. Lukens Jets & Flashes 146 We deeply regret that our india-rubber armor is in hock. 1896Ade Artie xviii. 169 They go back home and leave all their stuff in hock. 1898J. London Let. 30 Nov. (1966) 7, I..got my watch out of hock. 1902W. N. Harben Abner Daniel xxiii, I felt..ef they did git Jimmy out o' hock..without me a-chippin' in, I'd never be able to look at 'em without remorse. 1903A. H. Lewis Boss 31 Well..even a crook has got to go somewhere. That is,..when he ain't in hock. 1908G. H. Lorimer J. Spurlock. vii. 141 He made me feel that I was doing him a favour in consenting to have my evening clothes taken out of hock. 1911C. E. Mulford Bar-20 Days xiii. 141, I said pound, not pond. P-O-U-N-D; which means that it's pawned, in hock. 1913― Coming of Cassidy vii. 118 If the four lay under the Queen, Cassidy lost; if not, he either won or was in hock. 1926J. Black You can't Win xxiv. 390, I was in hock to friends who saved me from a heavy sentence, provided me with work [etc.]. 1929Collier's 5 Jan. 40/4 My cash was gone, and I was in hock for the next three years. 1956B. Holiday Lady sings Blues (1973) i. 1 She worked her way out of hock in the hospital and took me home to her folks. 1971M. Tak Truck Talk 89 In hock constantly, humorous expression for the financial condition of any owner-operator who has a tractor manufactured by International Harvester Company.
b. attrib. and Comb., as hock-game (see quot. 1859); hock-shop, a pawnshop.
1859G. W. Matsell Vocabulum 113 In a hock-game, if a man hits a card, he is obliged to let his money lie until it either wins or loses. 1871Sessions Papers Apr. 485 That piece that I dropped in the hock shop. 1886Lantern (New Orleans) 22 Sept. 2/3 Take the bed too, and run it into a hock shop. 1907I. Zangwill Ghetto Comedies 296 The diamond necklace..stolen..and found afterwards..in a low ‘hock-shop’ in New Orleans. 1926J. Black You can't Win xxi. 336 The average thief will walk by the hockshop and look in. The hockshop man..knows he has something ‘hot’, or crooked. 1969C. Irving Fake! (1970) xvi. 198 He had previously pawned one of the Matisse oils..to the Mont de Piété, the French national hockshop.
▪ VIII. hock, v.1
[f. hock n.2: cf. hough v.]
trans. To disable by cutting the tendons of the ham or hock, in man or beast; to hough, hamstring.
1563–87Foxe A. & M. (1596) 124/2 Those holie martyrs, whom the emperor Maximus had put out the right eie, and hockt their left legs. 1658W. Burton Itin. Anton. 16 His Son..to escape Severus..who pursued him, hockt all the Post horses he left behind him. 1730–6Bailey (folio), To Hock, to cut Beasts in the Hock or Hoof.
Hence ˈhocking vbl. n.; ˈhocker, a hougher.
1892R. Kipling Barrack-room Ballads, Cleared v, They only paid the Moonlighter his cattle-hocking price.
▪ IX. hock, v.2
[f. hock- in Hock-day.]
a. intr. To observe Hocktide.
b. trans. To bind or otherwise beset (persons) in the way practised at Hocktide.
1406[see below]. 1727Cowell's Interpr., And in the Accounts of Magdalen College in Oxford there is yearly an allowance pro Mulieribus Hockantibus, in some manors of theirs in Hampshire, where the Men hock the Women on Monday, and e contra on Tuesday. 1843Fosbrooke's Encycl. Antiq. 649 On Monday and Tuesday men and women reciprocally hocked each other, i.e. stopped the way with ropes, and pulled the passengers towards them desiring a donation.
Hence ˈhocking vbl. n. Also in comb., as hocking-ale, ale brewed for the festival at Hocktide; the festival itself, at which collections were made for parochial purposes.
1406Proclam. in Letterbk. I. Guild Hall Lond., lf. xlix b [cf. Riley Mem. Lond. 562], Ista proclamatio facta fuit die Veneris proximo ante quindenam Pasche..Qe null persone di ceste Citee..teygne, ou constreyne ascun persone..deinz meason ou de hors pur hokkyng lundy ne marsdy proscheins appelles Hokkedayes. Ibid., Darrestier tiel persone qi qe soyt fesaunt ou usaunt tiell hokkyng. 1466Mann. & Househ. Exp. (Roxb.) 211 Item, the same day my mastyr gaffe the women to the hokkynge .xx.d. 1484in Glasscock Rec. St. Michael's, Bp. Stortford (1882) 26 Item pd. for brewyng of the hokyng ale xvjd. 1618in Brand Pop. Antiq. (1870) I. 159 Gained with hocking at Whitsuntide, {pstlg}16 12s. 3d. 1854Toulm. Smith Parish (1857) 504 Then there was the Hocking-Ale, one of great importance; and the thorough kindly Bid-Ale.
▪ X. hock, v.3 slang (orig. U.S.).
[f. hock n.7]
trans. To pawn.
1878San Francisco Trade Herald Aug. 2/2 To soak—to hock—Yer upper benjamin at yer uncle's, to get the ‘sugar’ for a good square meal. 1902H. L. Wilson Spenders xxxiii. 397 The only thing I'll do..is to hock a few blocks of the stock I bought outright. 1904G. H. Lorimer Old Gorgon Graham 184 You can hock your overcoat before marriage to buy violets for a girl. 1922H. L. Foster Adv. Trop. Tramp xx. 354 I've just hocked my camera, and all I've got is two dollars. 1945G. Millar Maquis i. 23 You might be able to hock them if you run out of money. 1969C. F. Burke God is Beautiful, Man (1970) 65 Then he went and he took everything he had—his automobile—and he hocked them. |