| 释义 |
Hindustani, Hindoostanee, a. and n.|hɪnduːˈstɑːniː|
Also Hindustanee, -sthani, Hindostanee, -stani, -staunee.
[a. Urdū hindūstānī, Pers. hindustānī adj., of or pertaining to Hindustān, lit. ‘the country of the Hindus’ (f. hindu + -stān place, country): see Hindu.
To natives, Hindustān is ‘India north of the Nerbudda, exclusive of Bengal and Behar’, or, virtually, the region covered by Hindī and its dialects. But from early times, foreigners, Muslim and European, have extended it to include the whole of the peninsula ‘from the Himālaya to the Bridge (i.e. Adam's Bridge)’, and this is the general geographical use.]
A. adj. Of or pertaining to Hindustan (in the stricter sense), or its people or language, esp. the language described in B. 2.
1800Asiat. Ann. Reg., Suppl. Chron. 111/1 Grammar and Dictionary of the Hindustanee language, the universal colloquial language throughout India. 1804W. Tennant Ind. Recreat. (ed. 2) I. 246 Trial by ordeal..still keeps its place in the Hindostanee code. Ibid. II. 392 The Hindoostanee and the Persian characters are both used. 1827D. Johnson Ind. Field Sports 210 Fifty people were at a notch, or Hindostanee dance. 1879F. T. Pollok Sport Brit. Burmah I. 50 Even the Hindoostani mahout forgot about ha-lal-ing, and was glad to partake.
B. n.
1. A native of Hindustan; a Hindu or Muslim of Upper India.
1829Bengalee 303 A desire to become half Hindoostanee and native himself. 1879F. T. Pollok Sport Brit. Burmah I. 49 He took the best Hindostani and a plucky Burmese Mahout with him.
2. The language of the Muslim conquerors of Hindustan, being a form of Hindi with a large admixture of Arabic, Persian, and other foreign elements; also called Urdū, i.e. zabān-i-urdū language of the camp, sc. of the Mogul conquerors. It later became a kind of lingua franca over all India, varying greatly in its vocabulary according to the locality and local language.
Formerly called Indostan, Indostans (cf. Scots). By earlier writers sometimes applied to Hindi itself.
[1616Terry Voy. E. Ind., Coryat (Y.), [Coryate] got a great mastery in the Indostan or more vulgar language. 1772Hadley Gramm. Indostan Lang. Pref. 11 (Y.) A confused mixture of Persian, Indostans, and Bengals. ]1808W. Tennant Ind. Recreat. (ed. 2) III. 61 The Hindostanee, a kind of lingua franka..is the spoken language of India, and has become the key to all communication with the natives. 1815Elphinstone Acc. Caubul (1842) II. 85 The western tribes..understand Persian much more generally than the Eastern ones do Hindostaunee. 1878R. N. Cust Mod. Langs. E. Ind. 47 Hindustáni or Urdu is not a territorial Dialect, but a Lingua-franca... It can scarcely be said correctly, that it is the common Language of any one District, though freely spoken by many classes.
So Hindooˈstanish a.
1811Shelley Let. to E. Hitchener in Life I. 11 In the true style of Hindoostanish devotion. |