| 释义 |
▪ I. higher, a. (n.1) and adv.|ˈhaɪə(r)|
Forms: α. 1 híerra, híera, hír(r)a, hýr(r)a; héra; hérra, héarra, 2–5 herre, 5 heer, her, har, 5–6 harre. β. 1 híehra, héahra, 2 heahere, 3 hæhȝere, (Orm.) hehhre, 3–4 heȝer(e, heier, 4 hegher, -ur, heyer(e, 4–6 Sc. hear(e, 5 heiȝer, heȝare, heiar, heyar, 6 Sc. hecher. γ. 4–6 hier(e, hyer, Sc. hyear(e, 5 hiȝere, hiar, 6 hyar, Sc. hiear, 6– higher. δ. dial. 9 hicker.
[OE.: WS. híerra, híera (Anglian héra, hérra, whence ME. herre, heer, her, etc.), corresp. to OHG. hôhiro, Goth. hauhiza, f. hauhs, OE. héah high a.; subseq. conformed to the positive, as híehra, héahra, whence ME. heȝer, hegher, later higher: see high.]
A. adj.
1. a. The comparative of high a. in its various senses, q.v.
αc897K. ælfred Gregory's Past. Pref. 6 To hierran [v.r. hieran] hade. Ibid. lii. 409 Se mæᵹðhad is hirra ðonne se ᵹesinscipe. c900O.E. Chron. an. 897 Eac hieran [MSS. B. & C. hearran] þonne þa oðru. a1000Cædmon's Dan. 491 Wearð him hyrra hyᵹe..þonne ᵹemet wære. c1000Phœnix 28 in Exeter Bk., Herra..þonne æniᵹ þara beorᵹa. c1205Lay. 22758 Þe an hine talde hæh, þe oðer muche herre. 13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 333 Herre þen ani in þe hous by þe hede & more. c1400Destr. Troy 3924 Hoger of hert & of her wille. c1450Myrc 1527 The herre that a mon ys in degre.
βa1000Cædmon's Gen. 274 Hu he him strenglicran stol ᵹeworhte, heahran on heofonum. a1175Cott. Hom. 243 We scule bien..imeaded mid heahere mede. c1200Vices & Virtues 115 Ðat godes milce bie aure heier and more ðanne his rihte dom. c1200Ormin 6297 All an oþerr lif Annd hehhre lif annd bettre. c1205Lay. 7740 Mid hæhȝere stefne. a1300Cursor M. 7331 Saul..was hegher [v.rr. heyer, heȝer] þan ani man. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints, Marcus 5 Þai ware of heare degre. c1400Apol. Loll. 8 Crist is..heiar wiþ out comparisoun þan ani pope. a1400–50Alexander 2097 Neuire þe heȝare of a hawe. 1581Satir. Poems Reform. xliv. 269 Ane hear place.
γ13..Cursor M. 15056 (Gött.) Comen of þat hei dauid kin, Of hier [Cott. heier] nane can neuen. 1375Barbour Bruce i. 608 God of mycht Preserwyt him till hyer hycht. c1400Mandeville (1839) viii. 92 Mount Syon..is a lytille hiere than the other syde of the cytee. 1508Kennedie Flyting w. Dunbar 336 On Arthuris Sete, or on ane hyar hill. 1513More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 758 His left shoulder much higher then his right. 1563–7Buchanan Reform. St. Andros Wks. (1892) 15 Doctor..in the hyear faculteis. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. ii. (1586) 52 You must make the spaces betwixt hier. 1765A. Dickson Treat. Agric. (ed. 2) 135 Exposed to overflowings from higher ground. 1814Chalmers Evid. Chr. Revel. vii. 195 Geology gives a higher antiquity to the world. 1876Tait Rec. Adv. Phys. Sc. i. (ed. 2) 20 The energy of the universe is continually passing from higher to lower forms.
δ1876Whitby Gloss., Hicker, higher..‘I want t'hicker yan o' them', the top one of the lot.
†b. Used in sense of highest. Obs.
1340Ayenb. 122 Þri stages of uolke..huer-of þe on is heȝere, þe oþer men, þe þridde loȝest.
2. spec. Superior to the common or ordinary sort; passing or lying beyond the ordinary limits; as in the higher classes, the higher education of women, higher mathematics. higher criticism: see criticism 2 b. So higher critic, one versed in higher criticism. Higher (School) Certificate, an examination instituted in 1917 and replaced in 1951 by the Advanced level General Certificate of Education, taken by pupils of about 18. Higher Thought = New Thought.
1836, etc. [see criticism 2 b]. 1866E. Davies (title) The higher education of women. 1868Rep. Sch. Inqu. Comm. I. 115 in Parl. Papers 1867–8 (C. 3966) XXVIII. i, [Endowed] Schools have been regarded as the subjects of special trusts..not as local contributions to the higher education of the country. 1877Encycl. Brit. VII. 674/1 Every Jesuit college was divided into two parts, the one for higher the other for lower education. 1884C. Bird Higher Educ. in Germany & England i. 5 Few [sc. people] realise to what an extent we are surpassed by Germany..as regards the liberal provision made for higher education. 1896Spectator 30 May 767/1 The great feature of the higher education should be a very well-marked revolt of the body against the mind. 1897Rendel Harris in Contemp. Rev. Sept. 342 He is a ‘higher critic’ occupied with the genesis of all Gospels out of their primitive deposit. 1909Chesterton Orthodoxy v. 136 Of all conceivable forms of enlightenment the worst is..the Inner Light... Anyone who knows anyone from the Higher Thought Centre knows how it does work. 1909H. G. Wells Ann Veronica vi. 124 Jim is up to the neck in Mahatmas and Theosophy and Higher Thought and rot. 1918Univ. Cambridge Local Exam. Synd. Higher School Certificate Exam. List 6 (heading) Exemption from the Previous examination by means of the higher school certificate examination. 1931(title) Report of the Commission on Christian Higher Education in India. 1933Discovery Sept. 271/2 He is best known for his researches on the Higher Thought Processes. 1945Guide Educ. Syst. Gloss. 58 Higher School certificate (higher certificate), certificate awarded on results of the examination taken at about 18 by grammar school pupils. 1949H. McLennan Cross-country 169 So much for higher education in Canada. 1961Sunday Times 26 Feb. 12/6 By 1970 there could be 140,000 children applying for the 70,000 places there will then be in higher education. 1963Barnard & Lauwerys Handbk. Brit. Educ. Terms 106 The Higher School Certificate examination, which came into operation in 1917 and was conducted by certain university boards, was taken by pupils in grammar schools at about the age of 18. It was primarily intended to be a test of a two-years sixth form course of a somewhat specialised nature. 1968Listener 6 June 723/1, I use the expression ‘higher education’ in the same sense as the Robbins Committee. Broadly, it covers courses for students of 18 and over which reach a standard above A-level in GCE and for which the normal entry qualifications are at least five O-level passes or the equivalent. Degree courses account for a big proportion of the field.
3. Phrases.
†a. to have the higher hand: to have the superiority; to gain the victory or mastery.
b. with a higher hand: see high a. 17 b.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 3392 Israel Hadde heȝere hond. c1386Chaucer Prol. 399 If þat he faught and hadde the hyer hond. c1400Destr. Troy 7075 That holly the herhond hade at his wille. 1563–87Foxe A. & M. (1684) II. 425 It will shortly have the higher hand of all clouds. 1880Mrs. E. Lynn Linton Rebel of Fam. ii, He..carried things with a higher hand than once she would have thought possible.
4. Comb., forming comparatives to the combinations of high a. (see high a. IV).
1618Bolton Florus (1636) 307 Higher crested. 1876Grant Burgh Sch. Scotl. ii. xiii. 348 note, On the rolls of the higher⁓class public schools. 1955Internat. Survey Programmes Social Devel. (U.N.) 8 Training abroad on fellowships has made an important though necessarily limited contribution to the supply of higher-level technical and professional workers in some countries. 1958B. Abel-Smith in N. Mackenzie Conviction 59 The middle classes..participate with the higher income groups in special benefits from their employment. 1960Amer. Speech XXXV. 230 English open internal juncture..is defined as the boundary point between two higher level phonological units (bounded sequences). 1962Corson & Lorrain Introd. Electromagn. Fields i. 24 The sum of these four terms (neglecting higher-order differentials because we are interested in the limit S→—O) is equal to the right-hand side of Eq. 1–109. 1964Crystal & Quirk Prosodic & Paralinguist. Features Eng. iv. 52 One might set up the existence of higher-order patterns as a hypothesis. 1965C. H. Springer et al. Adv. Methods & Models iii. 76 We might as well finish the job by deriving formulas for these higher-order differences. 1967Computers & Automation Feb. 30/1 The single most important tool is what has become known as a ‘programming language’, sometimes called a ‘higher level language’ (to distinguish it from the normal machine codes or assembly languages..). 1968Fox & Mayers Computing Methods for Scientists & Engineers iii. 32 It is..possible to start with a very accurate yo and use double or higher precision arithmetic, but this is lengthy.
5. quasi-n.
a. One higher; a superior, a better.
a1225Ancr. R. 198 Inobedience; þet is, þet child þet ne buhð nout his eldre..meiden, hire dame; euerich lowure his herre. 1840Mill Diss. & Disc. (1875) I. 401 His reliance is upon reverence for a Higher above them.
†b. Superior position; the better (of). Obs.
a1400–50Alexander 2364 Alexander with his armee..Has happend ȝit ai hedire-to þe herre [v.r. hyer] of his faes.
B. adv.
1. The comparative of high adv. in its various senses, q.v.
αc900tr. Bæda's Hist. iii. vi. [viii.] (1890) 174 Heo wolden þone stan..hear and ᵹerisenlicor in þære ilcan stowe ᵹesettan. c1350Will. Palerne 529 Min hert is so hauteyn þat herre he wold. c1420Pallad. on Husb. iii. 445 Putte hit on ayein, And more a litel herre vppon hit wrote. a1500Chester Pl. (E.E.T.S.) vii. 425 All heaven might not have gone har. 1589R. Robinson Gold. Mirr. (Chetham Soc.) 48 How can Dame Fortune mount more harre?
β, γa1300Cursor M. 2232 A toure..þat may reche heghur [v.rr. heier, heȝer] þan heuen. 1382Wyclif Luke xiv. 10 Frend, stiȝe hiȝere. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. iii. xvii. (1495) 63 Suche foules fleen hyer in the ayre. 1508Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen 160 With that sprang vp hir spreit be a span hecher. a1533Ld. Berners Huon lxxxiii. 262 Speke out hyer that ye may the better be herde. 1570Satir. Poems Reform. xii. 128 Be Hanniballis, and heis ȝour hartis sum hear. 1715Leoni Palladio's Archit. (1742) I. 84, I..mention'd it a little higher. 1774J. Bryant Mythol. II. 93 Sesostris..whose æra extends higher, than the Canon of Eusebius reaches. 1842C. Whitehead R. Savage (1845) II. ix. 298 He thought higher of human nature than he chose to acknowledge. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. xi. 74 Higher up the sky was violet.
2. Comb., forming comparatives to the combinations of high adv.
1598R. Grenewey Tacitus' Ann. i. iv. 7 A higher aspiring mind. 1703T. N. City & C. Purchaser 63 A Hall..higher pitch'd. 1742Young Nt. Th. ii. 54 Time higher aim'd, still nearer the great Mark. 1866G. Macdonald Ann. Q. Neighb. xxxiii. (1878) 586 She's higher-born than you. 1883‘Mark Twain’ Life on Mississippi li. 502 Explosion followed explosion..reports grew steadily sharper and higher-keyed. 1923H. Crane Let. 21 July (1965) 142 Being with the largest advertising agency in the world..will get me higher-paid positions in other places after awhile. 1969Punch 15 Jan. 91/3 Allied Breweries, the International Compressed Air Corporation or other proclaimed seekers of higher-educated manpower.
▸ Sc. Educ. Chiefly with capital initial. The Higher grade of the Scottish Certificate of Education, an examination taken or qualification gained following an optional one-year course undertaken after the end of compulsory schooling; cf. Standard grade n. at standard n. and adj. Additions. Usu. in pl.
Typically students take four or five Highers, often in order to meet a university entrance requirement.
1947Secondary Educ. ((Rep. Advisory Council Educ. in Scotl.)) viii. 52 in Parl. Papers 1946–7 ((Cmnd. 7005)) XI. 173 The Scottish Education Department..has adjusted its Leaving Certificate requirements to changing conditions.., and the minimum presentation is now only two Highers and three Lowers. 1967H. Calvin Nice Friendly Town ix. 135 He asked me what my qualifications were, and I said the school Highers and the National Certificate. 1983J. L. Ingard Winter Visitor xi. 95 Perhaps Joe would stay and do another year at school and take his Highers. 1992Guardian 14 Apr. 23/4 Scots had been quite proud of the higher, arguing that it was a flexible exam system which encouraged both breadth and depth of study.
▪ II. † higher, n.2 Obs.
In 5 heyere.
[f. high v. + -er1.]
One who raises or exalts.
1399Langl. Rich. Redeles ii. 145 Þe hende Egle, þe heyere of hem all. Ibid. iii. 74.
▪ III. higher, v. rare.
[f. prec. adj.: cf. lower vb.]
1. trans. To make higher, raise (lit. and fig.). The opposite of to lower.
c1715in N. & Q. 7th Ser. (1889) VII. 57/2 The major..desired him to higher all sails. 1831Blackw. Mag. XXIX. 980 Our high opinion..has not been lowered..It has—pardon the expression—been highered. 1861Mayhew Lond. Labour III. 160 (Hoppe) When I highered the rope in my yard.
2. intr. To become higher, rise, mount, ascend.
1872Tennyson Gareth & Lynette 20 To sweep In ever-highering eagle-circles up To the great Sun of Glory. |