| 释义 |
▪ I. † hi, hy, pers. pron., 3rd sing. fem. acc. Obs.
Forms: 1 hia, hea, hiæ, hiᵹ, (hio), 1–2 hie, 1–3 heo, 1–4 hí, hý, 2 hye, hyo, 2–3 ha, hoe.
[OE. hia, hie, etc., acc. of hiu, hio, heo, fem. of he, corresp. to OFris. hia; cf. Goth. ija, the form corresp. to which was already lost in OHG. and OS., and supplied by sia, mod.Ger. sie, from stem si-, se. In late OE. the originally distinct nom. and acc. began to be confounded under the forms hie, hí, hiᵹ, hio, heo; and in later times, though heo was the typical nom. and hi, hy the acc., the two cases were hardly distinct. Following the example of me, thee, us, and you, and like the other OE. accusatives of the 3rd pers., hia began in the 10th c., in north-midl. dial., to be supplanted by the dative hire, her. In the east-midl. dial. of the OE. Chronicle, this substitution was fully established by 1125; but the original acc. hi, hy remained longer in the west and south, being found in Layamon after 1200, and in Shoreham (Kentish) in the first quarter of the 14th c. During its obsolescence, another acc. form, hes, his, made its appearance in the south.]
= her (acc.); also refl. herself. Used of females, and with nouns grammatically feminine: cf. heo.
c825Vesp. Psalter xxxix. 15 Ða ðe soecað sawle mine ðæt hie afirren hie. 835Kentish Charter in O.E. Texts 447 ᵹif min wiif ðonne hia nylle mid clennisse swæ ᵹehaldan. a900Martyrology Ibid. 178 Se casere hio heht ᵹemartyrian. c925O.E. Chron. an. 919 [He] beᵹet þa burᵹ and him cirdon to mæst ealle þa burᵹware þe hie ær budon. c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. i. 19, & nalde hea ᵹebrenge..ah he walde deiᵹlice forleitta hea [c 975 Rushw. G., & ne walde hie..wolde deᵹullice forleten hio]. Ibid. ix. 18 Onsett [þin] hond ofer hia..þæt hiu lifiᵹe [Rushw. ᵹesette hond þin ofer heo, & heo leofaþ; c 1000 Ags. G., Sete þine hand uppan hiᵹ, and heo lyfað; c 1160Hatton G., Sete þine hand up on hyo, and hye lefeð]. c950Lindisf. G. Matt. xiv. 4 Ne is ᵹelefed ðe to habbanne hia [Rushw. hire]. Ibid. xv. 23 Forlet hia, forðon [hiu] cliopas æfter usiᵹ [Rushw. Forlet hiæ, forþon þe hiæ cæᵹeþ æfter us]. c1000Sax. Leechd. I. 170 Gif he hy [peoniam] mid him hafað. c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xiv. 4 Nys þe alyfed hi [v.r. hiᵹ] to wife to hæbbenne [c 1160 Hatton G., hy to wife to hæbbenne]. Ibid. xv. 23 Forlæt hiᵹ, forðam heo clypað æfter us [c 1160 Hatton G., Forlæt hyo, forþan hyo clypað æfter us]. a1050O.E. Chron. (MS. C) an. 1037 Baldwine eorl hi [ælfᵹyfe] ðær wel underfeng, and hiᵹ þær ᵹeheold. Ibid. (Laud MS.) an. 1048 ⁋4 Se cyng..betæhte hy his swyster to Hwerwillon. a1100Ibid. (Laud MS.) an. 1075 Se cyng hi let bryngan to Westmynstre..and læᵹde hi wið Eadward kyng hire hlaforde. Ibid. an. 1100 Se arcebiscop Ansealm hi him bewæddade and siððan to cwene ᵹehalᵹode. a1175Cott. Hom. 223 Adam hi nemnede eua. c1175Lamb. Hom. 3 Unbindeð heo [þe asse] and leadeð heo to me. a1200Moral Ode 215 Þa þe godes milce secheð he iwis mei ha ifinden. c1205Lay. 42 He hoe [þe boc] ȝef þare æðelen ælienor. Ibid. 158 He heo wolde habben. Ibid. 3186 Ich heo [c 1275 hire, i.e. Cordelia] wulle þe biwiten & senden ha [c 1275hire] þe in ane scipe. a1250Owl & Night. 29 Þe nihtegale hi iseȝ And hi biheold and overseȝ. Ibid. 939 And sat sum del and heo biþohte. c1275Passion our Lord 435 in O.E. Misc. 49 Þe rode..He ber heo on his schuldre. c1315Shoreham 102 Senne hys [i.e. is] swete and lyketh, Wanne a man hi deth. Ibid. 136 To healde hy [þe erthe] op hyt nys no ned.
▪ II. † hi, hy, pers. pron., 3rd pl. nom. and acc. Obs.
Forms: see below.
[OE. hiæ, hie, etc., the original plural, nom. and acc., in all genders, of hé, heo, hit (see he), corresp. to OFris. hia; cf. Goth. nom. pl. eis, *ijôs, ija, acc. ins, ijôs, ija, the forms corresp. to which were already lost in OS. and OHG. and supplied by sia, and sie, sio, siu, mod.Ger. sie, from stem si-, se. Since OE. times, a like fate has befallen this pronominal form in Eng. Already in 10th c. the northern dial. occasionally used, as equivalent to hia, the demonstrative þá, tha, plural of the, that; before 1200, the cognate form þeȝȝ, they, adopted from Norse, had quite superseded hi, hia, nominative, in north-midl. (Ormin); the corresponding northern form was þai, thai. By 1300, þei, thei, they, had become the standard Nominative form in midland English generally; though her, hem, were retained in the possessive and objective till the 15th c. Before 1400, thei, thai are seen side by side with hi, hy, even in s.w.; and before 1500, hi, already confounded in form with its sing. he, hee, disappeared from literature; although in the reduced form ă it still lingers in s.w. dialect. The Accusative hi was lost sooner than the nominative; in the 10th c., in north-midl. dial., it began, like the other accusatives hine, and hí sing. fem., and on the analogy of the original accusative pronouns of the first and second persons, to be supplanted by its own dative heom, hem (see hem pron.); in the east-midl. dial. of the OE. Chronicle, hem had quite superseded hi before 1125; but in the west the acc. was used by Layamon after 1200, and in Kentish it was still Shoreham's form c 1315. When it disappeared in the south, it gave place, as in the fem. sing., to a form hes, his. q.v.; elsewhere it was succeeded by hem, which itself in course of time was displaced by them. Thus, they, them are the present sense-equivalents of hi nom. and acc.]
I.
1. Nominative case. = they.
(α) 1 hiæ, hia, (hea), hie, 2 hye, 2–3 hie.
805–31Kentish Charter in O.E. Texts 444 æc ic bebeode minum æfterfylᵹendum..ðæt hiæ simle ymb xii monað..ᵹeᵹeorwien ten hund hlafa. c825Vesp. Psalter xxi. 18 Hie soðlice sceawedun and ᵹelocadon me. c855O.E. Chron. an. 755 Þa cuædon hie þæt hie hie þæs ne onmunden. c897K. ælfred Gregory's Past. xlvi. 354 Ðonne hit tocymð ðæt hie hit sprecan sculon. c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xxiii. 5 Þætte hia sie ᵹesene [c 975 Rushw. G., Þæt hiæ siæ ᵹesænæ]. c975O.E. Chron. an. 951 Þæt hie woldan eal þæt he wolde. c1160Hatton G. Matt. ix. 24 Hye teldan hine. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 51 Efter þan þe hie weren wuniende in ierusalem..þo hie forleten godes lore. c1250Kent. Serm. in O.E. Misc. 33 Hie answerden and seyde, Lord [etc.].
(β) 1 hio, heo, 2 hio, hyo, 2–4 heo.
871–89Surrey Charter in O.E. Texts 452 Þonne aᵹeofen hio þa ilcan elmessan to cristes cirican. a900Cynewulf Elene 166 (Gr.) Hio him andsware æniᵹe ne meahton aᵹifan. c937O.E. Chron. an. 937 Þæt heo [MSS. A., B. hie, C., D. hi] beaduweorca beteran wurdun. 971Blickl. Hom. 199 Heo næfre swylc wundor ne ᵹesawon. Ibid. 249 Hio wæron ᵹefeonde mycle ᵹefean. c1000ælfric Gen. iii. 7 Hiᵹ oncneowon þa þæt hiᵹ nacode wæron. c1160Hatton Gosp. Matt. x. 1 Þæt hyo adrifen hyo ut [Ags. G. hiᵹ..hiᵹ]. a1175Cott. Hom. 223 Nare hio blinde ȝescapene. c1205Lay. 183 He wes king and heo quen, & kine-lond heo welden. 1258Proclam. Hen. III, Þe treowþe þæt heo vs oȝen. a1375Joseph Arim. 282 Þenne þei seȝen Ihesu crist in þat ilke foorme, þat heo seȝen him..whon heo furst comen.
(γ) 1 hi, hy, hiᵹ, 2–4 hi (i, y), 3–4 hii, 4 hy.
c887O.E. Chron. an. 887 And hi cuædon þæt hie þæt..healdan sceoldan. 971Blickl. Hom. 123 Þa hy þa up on þone heofon æfter urum Drihtne locodan. c993Battle of Maldon 19 Byrhtnoð..tæhte hu hi sceoldon standan. a1000O.E. Chron. an. 993 And hy þone ealdorman þær ofsloᵹon. c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. ix. 24 Hi [v.r. hiᵹ] tældon hyne. Ibid. 32 Hiᵹ brohton him dumbne man. 1154O.E. Chron. an. 1137 Hi hadden him manred maked & athes suoren. a1175Cott. Hom. 219 To chiesen ȝief y wolden hare sceappinde lufie. Ibid. 223 I muȝon ȝecnowen eiȝðer god and euyl. Ibid. 225 Þa cweðen hi betwxe ham þat hi woldan wercen ane burch. c1205Lay. 2230, I funden [c 1275 hii funde] þa þreo maidenes. c1275Ibid. 3610 Hii [c 1205 heo] verde to one borwe. Ibid. 10314 Hii flowen forþ rihtes, þat i comen to þan Peutes. 1297R. Glouc. (1724) 369 Hii rerde abbeyes & prioryes vor her synnes. c1315Shoreham 47 Ere hy thys ordre have, Me schel hy wel assaye Of that hy redeth that hy wel Ham conne aneye. a1327Pol. Songs (Camden) 214 To the kyng Edward hii fasten huere fay. 1340Ayenb. 16 Hi byeþ heaued of alle kueade..be hy dyadliche, be hy uenial. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. i. 189 Aren no men auarouser þan hij Whan þei ben auaunced. c1380Sir Ferumb. 1014 Sory wer þey for hi ne miȝt hure pruwesse fulfille þore. Ibid. 2380 Y not how þay schul ascape þen, þat hy ne goþ to dede. c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 110 Hy kepeþ here reule.
(δ) 2–5 he, (4 hey), 5 hee.
a1175Cott. Hom. 219 Hi wolde mid modinesse beon betere þonne he ȝesceapen were. c1175Lamb. Hom. 91 Þa þet lond hefden he hit sealden. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 129 For þat þe he ne wuneð noht on hem, ne he on him. c1220Bestiary 351 Alle he [hertes] arn off one mode. 1297R. Glouc. (1724) 16 To wyte, weþer he [= they] wolde pes, oþer heo nolde non. c1300Havelok 152 He wrungen hondes, and wepen sore. c1325Song Passion 24 in O.E. Misc. 198 Ne cuþen hey him nout cnowe. c1394P. Pl. Crede 471 But oþer cures of Cristen þei coveten nouȝt to haue, But þere as wynnynge lijþ he lokeþ none oþer. c1410Chron. Eng. (Ritson) 33 Schep he heden ase hors gret. c1430Hymns Virg. 59 To the child her seruice profren he [rime vanyte]. c1450Lonelich Grail xlii. 76 And whanne they syen he Wolde not so..Of here vyandes thanne ȝoven hee.
(ε) 2–4 ho.
c1175Lamb. Hom. 79 A mon..fol imong þoues, ho him bireueden and ho him ferwundeden. a1200Moral Ode 98 Nabbeð hi naþing forȝeten of al þet ho iseȝen. Ibid. 100 Al ho habbeð in hore write þet we misduden here. Ibid. 105 Hwi weren ho biȝeten, to whon were ho iborene? a1250Owl & Night. 66 And alle heo [Cott. MS. ho] þe driveþ heonne. c1250Meid Maregrete xx, Ho leiden honden hire upon. c1275Sinners Beware 136 O.E. Misc. 76 Þeos playdurs..Ho schule..In helle habben teone. c1375Pol. Rel. & L. Poems 239 For esye he comun al, esye ho ssuln wende.
(ζ) 2–4 ha, 4 a.
c1175Lamb. Hom. 5 Þus ha hine hereden. c1205Lay. 5365 Ha [c 1275 hii] leopen on heore feire hors. a1225Ancr. R. 44 Ower graces..alse ha beoð iwriten ou. c1325Poem Times Edw. II (Percy) xliv, Loke that ha fare wel Hors & eke man. 1387Trevisa Higden i. lix. (in Morris Spec. 340) Þe kynges of Engelond woneþ alwey fer fram þat contray..& ȝef a goþ to þe norþ contray, a goþ wiþ gret help & strengthe.
(η) 3–4 huy, 4 hui, hue.
c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 10/315 Þe croiz..deope under eorþe huy caste. c1290St. Brandan 669 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 238 An ester eue huy come. a1300K. Horn (Ritson) 1486 Hue gurden huem with suerde, Hue eoden..Towart the castele. a1327Pol. Songs (Camden) 214 That hue ne shulden aȝeyn him go. a1350Childh. Jesus 50 Ne dwelden huy nouȝt after ful longue Huy token with heom þat neod was. c1375Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 230 Þe ȝates of parais..Aȝein hui beoþ nouþe open.
II.
2. Accusative case. = them.
c825Vesp. Psalter xvi. 13 Aris, dryhten, forecym hie and forcer hie. a855O.E. Chron. an. 787 Se ᵹerefa þærto rad, and hie wolde drifan to þæs cyninges tune. c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. x. 1 Þætte hia fordrife ða ilco and hea ᵹeᵹeme all un-hælo. Ibid. 26 Ne forðon ondredes ᵹe hia vel ða. c975Rushw. Gosp. ibid., Ne forþon ondredaþ eow hiæ. c975O.E. Chron. an. 964 And [Eadgar cyng] sette hy mid munecan. c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xx. 25 Þa clypode se hælend hiᵹ to him [c 1160 Hatton G., Þa clypede se hælend hyo to hym]. Ibid. xxiii. 5 Ealle heora weorc hiᵹ doð þæt menn hi ᵹeseon. c1160Hatton G. ibid., Ealle heore werc hyo doð þæt men hyo ᵹeseon. a1175Cott. Hom. 227 He hi ledde ofer se mid dreie fote. c1175Lamb. Hom. 21 Þah ure an heofde idon eower alre sunne and he walde gan to scrifte and bi-reusien ha and forleten ha a mare. Ibid. 23 Þu scoldest heo biwiten al swa clenliche swa crist ha þe bitahte. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 51 Þe king..sende hie in to babilonie to þralshipe..and þat lond folc hem ouersette mid felefelde pine. c1205Lay. 309 To his sune he heo [c 1275 ham] draf. a1250Owl & Night 1518 Overswithe þu hi herest. c1250Kent. Serm. in O.E. Misc. 33 Ha sente hi into his wyn⁓yarde. c1315Shoreham 14 He with-stent hi alle. Ibid. 16 The foend fondeth hy so.
3. Reflexive and Reciprocal. Themselves; each other.
c825Vesp. Psalter lxxii. 27 Ða afirrað hie from ðe forweorðað. c855O.E. Chron. an. 540 And steorran hie ætiewdon. c1000Ibid. (MS.D.) an. 925 æþelstan..and Sihtric..heo ᵹesamnodon æt Tame weorðþige. c1000ælfric Exod. xviii. 7 Hiᵹ gretton hiᵹ ᵹesybsumum wordum. c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. ii. 11 Hi [v.r. hiᵹ] aðenedon hi [v.r. hiᵹ], & hi to him ᵹebædon. c1160Hatton Gosp. ibid., Hyo aþeneden hyo, & hyo to hym ȝebæden.
▪ III. hi pron.
occasional variant of he, heo.
▪ IV. hi, int.|haɪ|
[A parallel form to hey.]
1. An exclamation used to call attention.
c1475Hunt. Hare 136 Thei cryed, ‘Hy, hy!’ all at ones ‘Kyll! kyll! for kockes bownes!’ 1747Gentl. Mag. 39 Hold, hold, 'tis a double; hark hey! bowler hye! If a thousand gainsay it, a thousand shall lye. 1847Alb. Smith Chr. Tadpole xxx. (1879) 267 ‘Hi!’ cried the brigand, giving the mule a bang with the butt-end of his musket. ‘Hi!’ 1886Fenn This Man's Wife ii. ii, It was not a thrilling word..it was only a summons—an arrest. Hi! 1894― In Alpine Valley I. 47 Here, hi! have a cigar? 1897Daily News 2 Oct. 3/3 A good lunch, and then hi! for the Crystal Palace.
2. A word of greeting. colloq. (chiefly N. Amer.).
1862M. D. Colt Went to Kansas ix. 143 When out on the prairie, up galloped an Indian on his pony with his saluting ‘hi!’ 1885‘P. Perkins’ Familiar Lett. (1886) 33 We would have had to walk, I believe, if a man hadn't come along and let out the most satisfactory ‘Hi, there!’ you've ever heard, and stopped a car. 1920F. Scott Fitzgerald This Side of Paradise (1921) ii. i. 199 Alec: Hi, Amory! Amory: Hi, Alec! Tom said he'd meet you at the theatre. 1951J. D. Salinger Catcher in Rye iii. 26 He..came in the room. ‘Hi,’ he said..like he was terrifically bored. 1953H. Clevely Public Enemy xviii. 111 Tillic nodded to the uniformed commissionaire..and said: ‘Hi, Charlie,’ and they entered. 1959I. & P. Opie Lore & Lang. Schoolch. vii. 116 Hi, Roy Rogers! How about a date? 1963H. Garner in R. Weaver Canad. Short Stories 2nd Ser. (1968) 50 ‘Hi, Eric!’ shouted Pete Adams..from where he was standing at the drinking fountain. 1972Wodehouse Pearls, Girls & Monty Bodkin ii. 28 A musical voice in his left ear said ‘Hi’. 1973Black Panther 11 Aug. 2/2 (letter to editor), Hi, I've been following serialization of Operation Gemstone in the Panther Paper.
▪ V. hi|haɪ|
abbrev. of high a., freq. used in advertising and commercial slogans. (Cf. hi-fi.) Chiefly U.S.
1911T. Eaton & Co. Catal. Spring & Summer 179/4 Hi-up battery. A very powerful cell for all forms of ignition work. 1930Engineering 10 Jan. 63/3 This embodies the form of motor known as the Hicycle motor, that is, an alternating current induction motor, using a supply of a frequency of 180 cycles to 200 cycles. 1959Sears, Roebuck Catal. Spring & Summer 87/4 Hi-Society—a glamorous new idea in lipstick! 1963Times 12 Mar. p. xii/4 A new use for ball and chain. Known as the Hi-ball method, 100 acres of lightly timbered country can be cleared in a day. 1972Guardian 3 Feb. 13/4 Kids prefer ‘hi-riser’ bicycles..with their apehanger handlebars and their drag style saddles. |