| 释义 |
heterozygote Biol.|ˌhɛtərəʊˈzaɪgəʊt|
[f. hetero- + zygote.]
1. A diploid individual that has different alleles at one or more genetic loci. Also attrib. or as adj., = heterozygous.
1902Bateson & Saunders Rep. Evol. Comm. R. Soc. I. 126 The zygote formed by the union of a pair of opposite allelomorphic gametes, we shall call a heterozygote. 1902W. Bateson Mendel's Princ. Hered. 23 This Aa is the hybrid or ‘mule’ form, or as I have elsewhere called it, the heterozygote, as distinguished from AA or aa the homozygotes. 1906R. H. Lock Variation, Heredity, & Evolution vii. 186 Plate, Cobs borne by heterozygote plants pollinated with the recessive. 1930R. A. Fisher Genet. Theory Nat. Selection 8 The heterozygote when mated to either kind of homozygote would produce both heterozygotes and homozygotes. 1949Darlington & Mather Elem. Genetics v. 110 The original form of any heterozygote must be a mutation. 1971J. Z. Young Introd. Study Man iii. 60 Apparently the heterozygotes have an increased resistance.
2. A bacteriophage that carries two different copies of some of its genetic information and produces two kinds of progeny when it infects a bacterial cell.
1952Hershey & Chase in Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. XVI. 474/1 Since there is adequate reason to call these markers allelic genes, the mottling particles are appropriately termed heterozygotes. 1968D. S. Ray in Fraenkel-Conrat Molec. Basis Virol. ii. 247 The purified heterozygotes are twice the length of normal phage particles and apparently contain two DNA molecules.
Hence ˌheterozyˈgosis |-zaɪˈgəʊsɪs|, the fusion of two genetically different gametes; the state or condition of being heterozygous; ˌheterozyˈgosity |-zaɪˈgɒsɪtɪ|, the state or condition of being heterozygous; the degree or extent to which an individual is heterozygous with respect to its complement of genetic loci; ˌheterozyˈgotic a., resulting from or pertaining to heterozygosis; ˌheteroˈzygous |-ˈzaɪgəs| a., having different alleles at one or more genetic loci.
1902Bateson & Saunders Rep. Evol. Comm. R. Soc. I. 130 The determination from statistical study of zygotes must be exceedingly difficult, seeing that both resulting forms may be heterozygous. 1905Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1904 585 Appearances have been seen..suggesting at first sight that a heterozygosis between two gametes, both extracted, may give, e.g., dominance. 1911Amer. Naturalist XLV. 142 The surprises of heterozygotic ‘constructions’ or of new combinations in F2 may..be responsible for the case of De Vries's buttercups. 1912East & Hayes Heterozygosis in Evol. & Plant Breeding 37 Decrease in vigor due to inbreeding lessens with decrease in heterozygosity. 1914Heterozygotic [see heterosis 3]. 1949Darlington & Mather Elem. Genetics xiii. 280 (caption) The potential variability existing in the differences between homozygotes..must first be converted into heterozygotic potential by intercrossing. Ibid. xii. 261 It is only when a heterozygous species is crossed with another, heterozygous or homozygous, that its heterozygosity is shown by the mixture in the progeny. 1965T. Dobzhansky Heredity & Nature of Man v. 156 Although persons who inherit this gene from both parents (homozygotes) die of fatal anemia, the heterozygous carriers may be said to show a hybrid vigor..in malaria-ridden environments. |