| 释义 |
▪ I. jockey, n.|ˈdʒɒkɪ|
Also 6–7 iocky, 7–9 jockie.
[dim. or pet-form of Jock1; cf. Jacky: originally Sc. and northern Eng.]
1. a. A diminutive or familiar by-form of the name Jock or John, usually with the sense ‘little Jock, Jacky, Johnny’; hence, applicable (contemptuously) to any man of the common people (chiefly Sc.); also, a lad; an understrapper. (Cf. Jack n.1 2.)
a1529Skelton Agst. Scottes 90 Kynge Iamy, Iemmy, Iocky my io. 1594Shakes. Rich. III, v. iii. 304 Iockey [a 1548 Hall Chron. Iack] of Norfolke, be not so bold, For Dickon thy maister is bought and sold. a1670Hacket Abp. Williams ii. (1693) 142 What could Lesly have done then with a few untrain'd, unarmed Jockeys, if we had been true among our selves? 1795Burke Let. to W. Elliot Wks. VII. 351 A jockey of Norfolk [see quot. 1594] who was inspired with the resolute ambition of becoming a citizen of France. 1848Dickens Dombey vi, ‘You're Dombey's jockey, a'nt you?’ said the first man. ‘I'm in Dombey's House, Mr. Clark’, returned the boy.
b. transf. Of a thing. Cf. fellow, lad, chap.
1827Coleridge Table-t. 24 June, Some apple dumplings were placed on the table, and my man..burst forth with ‘Them's the jockies for me!’
2. A strolling minstrel or beggar; a vagabond. Sc. Obs. exc. Hist.
1683G. Martine Reliq. Divi Andreæ (1797) §1 They are called by others and by themselves jockies, who go about begging and use still to recite the sluggornes. 1685G. Sinclair Satans Invis. World xvii, He..turned a vagrant fellow like a Jockie, gaining Meal, Flesh, and Money by his Charms. 1815Scott Guy M. vii, The tribes of gypsies, jockies, or cairds.
†3.
a. One who manages or has to do with horses; one who deals in horses, a horse-dealer. Obs. or dial.
1638Brome Antipodes i. v. Wks. 1873 III. 246 Let my fine Lords Talk o' their Horse-tricks, and their Jockies, that Can out-talke them. 1668Pepys Diary 4 Dec., I, and W. Hewer, and a friend of his, a jockey, did go about to see several pairs of horses, for my coach. 1721Bailey, Jockey, one who manages and deals in Horses. 1749Smollett Gil Blas i. ii. I. 7 If I had a mind to sell my mule, he was acquainted with a very honest jocky who would buy her. 1768–74Tucker Lt. Nat. (1834) I. 659 Perhaps I design to buy a horse for my riding... I know there are enow to be had in town, and the jockeys will cheat one egregiously. 1841Macaulay Ess., Hastings (1887) 648 The crime..was regarded by them in much the same light in which the selling of an unsound horse, for a sound price, is regarded by a Yorkshire jockey.
b. (From the character attributed to horse-dealers.) A crafty or fraudulent bargainer; a cheat. (Cf. jockey v. 1.)
1683Tryon Way to Health 615 They are meer Jockies in the Art of Wiving, and will Higgle for the other Hundred Pound in Portion. 1777Gamblers 6 The growing Jockey, or the man of Dice. 1790Bailey, Jockey,..also a cheat.
†4. One who rides or drives a horse; a postillion, courier; a charioteer. Obs.
1643Char. Oxford Incendiary in Harl. Misc. (1745) V. 473/1 Two of Gondemar's Jockies, that posted between Whitehall and Madrid. 1702Addison Dial. Medals i. 16 The wise Ancients..heapt up greater Honours on Pindar's Jockies than on the Poet himself. 1850[The usual name in South of Scotland for a postillion].
5. a. spec. A professional rider in horse-races. (The chief current sense.)
dumb jockey: see dumb a. 6 (quot. 1853).
1670Evelyn Diary 22 July, We return'd over Newmarket Heath,..the jockies breathing their fine barbs and racers, and giving them their heates. 1693Lond. Gaz. No. 2845/4 A Jockey's Saddle stitched with green Silk. 1703Ibid. No. 3928/4 A Plate of 30l. value will be run for on Nottingham Course, Jockies to ride, to carry 10 Stone weight. 1780Cowper Progr. Error 221 Prepares for meals as jockies take a sweat. 1820Combe Dr. Syntax, Consol. x, The jockies whipp'd, the horses ran. 1878N. Amer. Rev. CXXVII. 210 As jockeys meet upon a race-course.
b. transf. A driver of a motor vehicle. Freq. preceded by a n. used attrib. So garage jockey, a garage attendant. Chiefly N. Amer.
1912Collier's 28 Sept. 11/2 Some are, so to speak, ‘gentlemen jockeys’, and own, enter, and drive their own cars for the fun of the thing. 1929D. Runyon in Hearst's International Nov. 72/2 Jerking me into the cab and telling the jockey to go to the Penn Station. 1936Daily Herald 5 Aug. 8/4 Here is a short list of busmen's slang phrases:..Jockey (Driver). 1942Berrey & Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §723/2 Automobile racer, auto or buzzer jockey,..speed jockey,..suicide jockey. Ibid. §723/4 Motorcycle racer, broadsider, jockey,..motor jockey. Ibid. §765/2 Commercial driver (bus, taxicab, truck),..jockey, motor jockey. Ibid. §765/5 Truck driver, truck jockey or spinner... Spec. juice jockey, a gasoline-truck driver; grunt-and-squeal jockey, a stock hauler;..suicide jockey, a nitro-glycerine hauler. 1945Amer. Speech XX. 148/1 Jeep jockey, truck driver. 1954Chicago Tribune 20 July a. 17/1 Trolley jockey gets even with slowpokes. 1968Drive Spring 113 The driver of any heavy-load vehicle is known as the pilot or jockey. 1970Globe & Mail (Toronto) 25 Sept. 37/3 (Advt.), Executive 2 bedroom, 2 baths professionally decorated, overlooking rose garden, pool treed ravine. Doorman and car jockey. 1972Nat. Geographic Aug. 209/1 Sweat-streaked truck jockey. 1973J. Cleary Ransom i. 33 There had been no trouble with the garage jockey. He had been lounging in a chair in the tiny office.
c. = disc-jockey.
1963B. W. Aldiss Airs of Earth 69 We stayed with the jocular jockey, hoping to catch a news bulletin, as I drove south. 1971Daily Tel. 5 Jan. 10/1 The same 30 turns. Different jockeys. Different stations, but no real choice. 1972P. Black Biggest Aspidistra iii. iv. 179 Housewives' Choice, a favourite shop-window for records and jockeys from 1946 to 1967.
6. ‘A self-acting apparatus carried on the front tub of a set, for releasing it from the hauling rope at a certain point’ (Midland Coal Field).
1882Gresley Gloss. Coal Mining.
7. Short for jockey boot, pulley, sleeve, wheel: see 9.
1851–61Mayhew Lond. Labour II. 49 (Hoppe) Top-boots (they're called Jockeys in the trade). 1896Godey's Mag. Feb. 211/1 Jockeys cut in fanciful shape are set into the shoulders of many of the sleeves. 1960Cunnington & Beard Dict. Eng. Costume 118/2 Jockey,..a flat trimming applied over the outer part of the shoulder of a dress and having the lower border free. 1963A. Gernsheim Fashion & Reality i. 27 By 1841 tight sleeves were..often headed by a mancheron (later called jockey).
8. attrib. and Comb.
a. attrib. (a) That is a jockey, as (senses 3–5) jockey-boy, jockey-groom, jockey-lord, jockey-parson, jockey-rider; (sense 1) jockey-pedlar. (b) Belonging to or used by a jockey, as jockey-frock, jockey-pad, jockey-seat, jockey-whip; also jockey-back, jockey-leg: applied to a style of boot. (c) Practised by a jockey (sense 3 b), fraudulent, cheating, as jockey trade, jockey trick.
b. Comb., as jockey-cut, jockey-like adjs.
1909Boot Catal., Gentleman's brown calf lace, whole golosh, *jockey back.
1816Sporting Mag. XLVIII. 36 The anecdote..of poor Jack Clark the *jockey-boy, struck us most forcibly.
1827Lytton Pelham ii, The men..wore *jockey-cut coats.
1806T. S. Surr Winter in Lond. II. 93 His outer garment was a *jockey frock.
1708Lond. Gaz. No. 4441/4 John Hague, a *Jockey-Groom,..has lately ran away without accounting..for Mony receiv'd by him.
1862Illustr. Catal. Internat. Exhib., Industr. Dept., Brit. Div. II. No. 4658, Skins, kips, fronts, shoe legs, *jockey legs, cordovan, grained calf.
1765Universal Mag. XXXVII. 371/1 The State Jockeys..all, *jockey-like, whip to get the best places.
1679Shadwell True Widow 7 He is a dry-jester to Gameing and *Jocky-Lords. 1759Johnson Idler No. 62 ⁋10, I grew ashamed of the company of jockey lords.
1875Knight Dict. Mech., *Jockey-pad,..a knee-pad on the forepart of a saddle.
1837Mrs. Sherwood Henry Milner iii. ii. 33 A sporting parson is quite as good as a *jockey parson surely.
a1670Hacket Abp. Williams ii. (1692) 223 England deserved worse and heard worse than these *jockey pedlars [Scots] that chaffered away their King.
1678Butler Hud. iii. ii. 1690 Force, enough to fly, And beat a Tuscan Running Horse, Whose *Jocky-Rider is all Spurs.
1867Baker Nile Tribut. x. (1872) 161 The latter with a regular *jockey-seat riding most comfortably.
1770in F. Chase Hist. Dartmouth College (1891) I. 149 It can't prosper,..it's all a *jockey trick from first to last. 1801Wolcott (P. Pindar) Ep. to Ct. Rumford Wks. 1812 V. 144 Try every jockey trick to pass thy fame.
1804Europ. Mag. XLV. 58/2 Time..changes the youth to Harlequin, transforms his *jockey-whip to a wooden sword.
9. Special Combs.: jockey-bar (see quot.); jockey-boot, a top-boot formerly worn by jockeys; jockey-box, ‘a box in a wagon, underneath the driver's seat, for carrying small articles’ (Cent. Dict. 1890); jockey briefs, shorts, short under-drawers for men; jockey-cap, a peaked cap of the style worn by jockeys; jockey-cart local [from its motion], a spring-cart; jockey club, (a) a club or association for the promotion and regulation of horse-racing; spec. the Jockey Club established at Newmarket, which is the supreme authority in Great Britain on all matters connected with horse-racing; (b) a toilet-water releasing chiefly rose and jasmine scents; jockey-coat, a kind of great-coat (? formerly worn by horse-dealers); jockey-gear, a set of jockey-wheels (see below) with their connected mechanism; jockey-pulley, a small wheel which ‘rides’ upon the top edge of a larger one, used for obtaining a high speed, or for keeping a rope in the groove of a grooved wheel; an ‘idle’ pulley or wheel which ‘rides’ upon the belt or rope between two working pulleys so as to increase its contact surface upon these and to tighten it up when slack; jockey-sleeve, (a) a sleeve like that of a jockey-coat; (b) a sleeve or free casing riding on a spindle or shaft, and carrying part of a train of mechanism; used in some forms of electric arc-lights; jockey spider Austral., a venomous black spider, Latrodectus hasseltii, the female of which is distinguished by a red stripe on the upper side of its abdomen; also = katipo; also ellipt. jockey; jockey-stick U.S. (see quots.); jockey strap = jock-strap 1 ? obs.; jockey-wheel, (a) = jockey-pulley; (b) a small adjustable wheel at the nose of a caravan.
1887So. Chesh. Gloss., *Jockey-bar, the broad flat top bar of a kitchen grate. 1894Hall Caine Manxman ii. i. 51 The kettle was singing on the jockey-bar.
1683Lond. Gaz. No. 1810/4 A pair of *Jockey-Boots. 1725Swift Receipt to Stella, All the squires from nine miles round,..With jocky boots and silver spurs. 1851Illustr. Catal. Gt. Exhib. 525 Jockey, hunting..and dress boots.
1966J. Gardner Amber Nine ix. 130 He stripped to his *jockey briefs.
1748Anson's Voy. ii. vi. 193 Having on a *jocky cap, one side of the peak was shaved off..by a ball. 1837Mrs. Sherwood Henry Milner iii. iii. 43 Two young 'squires in jockey caps.
1840F. Trollope Michael Armstrong xvii. (D.), [No] conveyance more rough and rude than Sir Matthew's *jockey-cart, which was constructed with excellent and efficient springs.
1775(title) An Appeal to the *Jockey Club; or, a True Narrative of the late Affair between Mr. Fitzgerald and Mr. Walker. 1809Sporting Mag. XXXIII. 108 The unerring scales of the Jockey-Club. 1855G. W. S. Piesse Art of Perfumery 122 Jockey Club Bouquet. 1859in Bartlett Dict. Amer. (1860) 396, I..used cologne, hair oil, and scented my handkerchief with ‘jockey-club’. 1886Coventry & Watson Racing iii, Tradition..assigns to the year 1750 the origin of the Jockey Club. 1907Yesterday's Shopping (1969) 521/1 Highly concentrated Essences... Jockey Club, Maiglöckchen, [etc.]. 1941W. A. Poucher Perfumes, Cosmetics & Soaps (ed. 6) II. vii. 281 Jockey Club... Bergamot oil... Jasmin... Rose... Tuberose... Mace oil... Civet extract. 1973Sat. Rev. World (U.S.) 6 Nov. 29/2 The following..of our own exclusive scents..are presently available: 1 Jockey Club, 2 Number Six, [etc.].
a1745Swift Helter Skelter 10 With whips and spurs so neat; And with *jocky-coats complete. 1752in Scots Mag. (1753) July 344/2 He was dressed in a long dun jocky coat. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. xiii, His dress was also that of a horse-dealer—a close-buttoned jockey-coat, or wrap-rascal, as it was then termed, with huge metal buttons.
1893Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. Dec. 715 A *jockey pulley attached to the main frame is arranged to take up the slack of the chain. 1896E. T. Carter Mot. Power Electr. Mach. 508 The advantage in the use of a jockey pulley is that the arc of contact of the belt on the working pulleys can be increased beyond what is obtainable with a free belt, thus shortening the necessary distance between the pulley centres.
1951G. Marx Let. 18 Jan. (1967) 194, I remember in 1932 telling Truman to stick to the haberdashery business, that there was a fortune in shirts and *jockey shorts. 1968J. R. Ackerley My Father & Myself 210, I took to wearing tight jockey shorts. 1971B. Malamud Tenants 210 The bridegroom, in a smoked raffia skirt from waist to knees over his jockey shorts.
1692Lond. Gaz. No. 2767/4 A buff-colour Cloth Coat with *Jockey-sleeves.
1933Bulletin (Sydney) 15 Nov. 20/4 Latrodectus, which we call the ‘redback’ or ‘*jockey’. 1936K. C. McKeown Spider Wonders Austral. xi. 155 In the Jockey Spider the red stripe is a direct and unmistakable warning. 1942C. Barrett On Wallaby ii. 30 An infant bitten by a ‘jockey’..died six hours later. 1944Living off Land vi. 129 The red-back spider, or katipo, also called the ‘jockey’ spider, definitely is harmful. 1965Austral. Encycl. VIII. 236/2 The best-known Australian member [of the comb-footed group of spiders] is the red-back, red-spot, or jockey spider, Latrodectus hasseltii, with a distribution from Arabia to New Guinea, the whole of Australia, the Pacific Islands, Hawaii and New Zealand; in the last-named country it is called ‘katipo’ (night⁓stinger).
1887E. Custer Tenting on Plains xii. 352 [In driving a prairie schooner] a small hickory stick, about five feet long, called the *jockey-stick, not unlike a rake-handle, is stretched between a pilot [mule] and his mate. 1968R. F. Adams Western Words (rev. ed.), Jockey stick, in freighting, a hickory stick,..stretched between a pilot mule or horse and its mate.
1896Crescent (Brooklyn, N.Y.) 1 Dec. 33/1 (Advt.), Suspensories, *Jockey Straps. 1909Spalding's Athletic Library (N.Y.) Group XV. No. 333 (Advt.), Bike Jockey Strap Suspensory.
1952Motor Manual (ed. 34) xiii. 248 Car and caravan can be connected or disconnected in a matter of a few seconds. To help this operation, the forward end of the van chassis is provided with a *jockey wheel to take the forward weight. 1966Caravanning (‘Know the Game’ Series) 12 The nose weight of a caravan can vary from a few pounds to over a hundredweight. On most vans there is a telescopic jockey wheel to facilitate raising the nose.
Hence ˈjockeydom, (a) the world of jockeys, jockeys collectively; (b) the position or occupation of a jockey; ˈjockeyish a., like a jockey, ‘horsy’; ˈjockeyism, the style, phraseology, or practice of jockeys.
1869Punch 10 July 10/1 The dearest interests of jockeydom stand in jeopardy. 1878L. Wingfield Lady Grizel I. ii. 28 A man who never..spends his nights at hazard, or affects jockeydom at Newmarket. 1838Fraser's Mag. XVII. 326 But this, though sufficiently jockeyish, leaves out Hector himself, to make room for his horses. 1802Sporting Mag. XX. 273 The slang of jockeyism. 1827Lytton Pelham lxi, A mixture of slang and jockeyism.
▪ II. jockey, v.|ˈdʒɒkɪ|
[f. prec. n.]
1. a. trans. To play the jockey with (see prec. 3 b); to gain the advantage of by adroit management or trickery; to trick, outwit, overreach, take in, ‘do’.
1708Yorkshire-Racers 3 And as you jockey'd us, we jockey'd you. c1740A. Allen MS. Dict. s.v., To jockey a Man, is to impose upon, to cheat, overreach; to deal wth any one, as Jockeys usually doe wth all y⊇ world. Nor is there any more deceitful race of Men than Jockeys, in their Sale of Horse flesh. 1785R. Cumberland Observer No. 96 ⁋6 Let us see if any bishop shall jockey us with the like jade's trick for the future. 1848Thackeray Van. Fair xxxiv, The way in which she jockied Jos, and which she described with infinite fun. 1865Dickens Mut. Fr. ii. iii, Whether the business in hand be to..promote a railway, or jockey a railway.
b. With adv. or prep. To get (out, in, away, etc.) by trickery; to cheat or do out of.
1719T. Gordon Cordial Low Spirits I. 117 They would at any time Jockey away a small Tenement in Abraham's Bosom, for a rich Manor in England. 1772Town & Country Mag. 83 When he finds that I have jockied him out of his mistress. 1840Thackeray Paris Sk.-bk., Caricatures, Penniless Directors,..jockeying their shares through the market. 1855― Newcomes xxxiii, When his Majesty, Louis XIV. jockeyed his grandson on to the throne of Spain. 1865Sat. Rev. 25 Feb. 217/2 Having been jockeyed into a miscarriage of justice.
c. To play tricks with; to manage or manipulate in a tricky way.
1890Nature 16 Oct. 587 In Foucault's pendulum a very slight jockeying can make the thing go as we wish. 1893Evid. Crt. Martial H.M.S. Victoria, Admiral Tryon disapproved of any jockeying the engines. 1894J. Knight Garrick vii. 104 Quin..had been controlled or jockeyed.
d. intr. To play the jockey, play tricks, act fraudulently; to aim at an advantage by adroit management or artifice. Freq. in phr. to jockey for position, to try to gain an advantageous position (in a race, contest, etc.).
a1835Comic song, ‘The Fox went out’, He cut up the goose with a carving knife, And the little ones jockeyed for the bones, O! 1855Thackeray Newcomes lxii, An event for which she had been jockeying ever since she set eyes on young Newcome. 1899Daily News 21 Oct. 3/4 When the preparatory gun was fired..both yachts were jockeying under their mainsails, jibs, and staysails. 1908Daily Chron. 16 July 8/1 The fastest time was that by J. Matthews..but that counts for little in a cycle race owing to the..jockeying..for position in the final sprint. 1955Times 27 July 6/7 In Alberta when there was no jury, congestion was caused by lawyers jockeying for position in order to appear before the right judge. 1969Auden City without Walls 105 They're jockeying for position round the first bend.
2. a. intr. To ride as a jockey (in quot. 1767 contemptuous). b. trans. To ride (a horse) in a race, as a jockey.
1767A. Seward Poems, etc. (1810) I. p. cxcvii, She reads no curtain-lectures upon his jockying over to Nottingham to read the news three times a week. 1825Sporting Mag. XVI. 273 Eclipse was then jockeyed by Sam Merrit. 1837[see jockeying 2]. |