| 释义 |
hawthorn|ˈhɔːθɔːn|
Forms: 1 haᵹu-, haᵹaðorn, 3 hawȝ-, 4 haȝþorn, 4–6 hau-, haweþorn, -thorne, (7 hathorn), 5– hawthorn. β. 1 hæᵹ-, hæᵹuþorn, 5 heiþorne, 6 hai-, haythorne.
[OE. haᵹa, hæᵹu-, hæᵹþorn, f. haᵹa haw n.1 + þorn thorn. Cf. MDu. hagedorn, Du. haagdoorn, MHG. hage(n)dorn, hagdorn (Ger. hagedorn), ON. hagþorn (Sw. hagtorn, Da. hagetorn).]
1. A thorny shrub or small tree, Cratægus Oxyacantha, N.O. Rosaceæ, extensively used for forming hedges; the White-thorn. It bears white, and, in some varieties, red or pink blossom (called ‘may’); its fruit, the haw, is a small round dark red berry. (Also extended to other species of Cratægus.)
a800Erfurt Gloss. 19 Alba spina, haᵹudorn. c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. vii. 16 Hueðer somniᵹas..of haᵹaðornum fic-beamas. 13..Guy Warw. (A.) 4532 Þiderward sir Gij him drouȝ, And loked vnder an hawe-þorn bouȝ. 13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 744 Þe hasel & þe haȝ-þorne. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xvi. 173 A man..As hore as an hawethorne. c1450Merlin 681 A bussh..of white hawthorne full of floures. 1632Milton L'Allegro 68 And every shepherd tells his tale Under the hawthorn in the dale. 1657R. Ligon Barbadoes (1673) 2 Nor any tree bigger than a small Hathorn. 1728–46Thompson Spring 89 The hawthorn whitens. 1846J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 317 The Hawthorn is justly considered the best plant for hedges.
βa700Epinal Gloss. 19 Alba spina, haeᵹuthorn. c725Corpus Gloss. 114 Alba spina, hea[ᵹo]ðorn. c1000Sax. Leechd. II. 54 Hæᵹþornes blostman. 14..Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 572/45 Cinus, an haythorne & an hawe. 1573Tusser Husb. xxxiv. (1878) 76 The box and bay, Haithorne and prim, for clothes trim. 1584R. Scot Discov. Witchcr. xii. xviii. (1886) 218 Haythorne, otherwise white[t]horne gathered on Maie daie. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 386/2 Before..finding out of the Needle..our Fore-fathers are said to make use of an Hay-thorn, or a Thorn Prick.
2. Angling. Short for hawthorn-fly.
1884Senior in Fisheries Exhib. Lit. II. 399 The Grannom, Yellow-dun, Hawthorn, and Sedge.
3. attrib. and Comb., as hawthorn bough, hawthorn bud, hawthorn bush, hawthorn hedge, etc.; hawthorn china, a kind of Oriental porcelain, in which the decoration represents flowering branches of the Japanese plum-tree in white on a dark blue ground; hawthorn-fly, a small black fly appearing on hawthorn-bushes when the leaves first come out; an artificial imitation of this fly used by anglers; hawthorn-grosbeak, the hawfinch (? U.S.); hawthorn jar, pot, vase, etc., a jar made of hawthorn china; hawthorn pattern, a pattern in which the hawthorn is represented in flower; the pattern used in hawthorn china. Also hawthorn-tree.
13..[see 1]. c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 650 Were it of wodebynde or hawethorn [Lansdowne heiþorne] leues. 1423Jas. I, Kingis Q. xxxi, And so with treis set Was all the place, and hawthorn hegis knet. 1590Shakes. Mids. N. iii. i. 4 This greene plot shall be our stage, this hauthorne brake our tyring house. 1653Walton Angler iv. 116 You may also make the hawthorn-flie, which is all black and not big, but very small, the smaller the better. Ibid. 118 The smal black fly, or hawthorn fly is to be had on any Hawthorn bush, after the leaves be come forth. 1770Goldsm. Des. Vill. 13 The hawthorn bush, with seats beneath the shade, For talking age and whisp'ring lovers made. 1866D. G. Rossetti Let. 3 Aug. (1965) II. 601, I went yesterday to see Mr. Huth's hawthorn pot at Kensington, and really after that I could not become the possessor of the one you brought me, good as it is. 1890Dorothea Gerard Lady Baby I. viii. 187 The hedges were strung with pearls of hawthorn-buds. 1892A. T. Fisher Rod & River 177 The Hawthorn-fly..at times proves so good a killer that I have placed it on the list. 1896Daily News 5 May 7/3 The characteristic of the Sakura silks is the design of Japanese plum blossom with a fine and delicate tracery of stems, very similar to the ‘hawthorn’ pattern familiar upon china. 1905Daily Chron. 18 May 4/6 The enormous sum paid yesterday at Christie's for a ‘hawthorn’ jar. 1906S. W. Bushell Chinese Art II. viii. 35 A typical ‘hawthorn ginger jar’..decorated with rising and falling sprays of prunus blossom. 1969M. G. Eberhart Message from Hong Kong xix. 169 A Hawthorn vase..its beautiful glaze, its incredible blue, the pure, amazing white of its blossoms.
Hence ˈhawthorned a., furnished or planted with hawthorns. ˈhawthorny a., characterized by hawthorns, redolent of the scent of hawthorn blossom.
1831F. A. Kemble Jrnl. in Rec. Girlhood (1878) III. 42 Read one of Miss Mitford's hawthorny sketches out of ‘Our Village’..they always carry one in fresh air and green fields. 1885W. P. Breed Aboard & Abroad 23 A narrow path, with high hawthorned inclosures on each hand. |