| 释义 |
▪ I. uniform, n.|ˈjuːnɪfɔːm|
[f. the adj. Cf. F., It., Sp., and Pg. uniforme, Du., G., Sw., and Da. uniform in sense 2.]
†I.
1. in uniform, in one body or flock. Obs.
1623Lisle ælfric on O. & N. Test. Ded. p. ix, Our sheepe shall feare no Wolfe, or suddaine storme; But goe and come all safe in vniforme.
II.
2. a. A distinctive dress of uniform cut, materials, and colour worn by all the members of a particular naval, military, or other force to which it is recognized as properly belonging and peculiar.
1748in Jrnl. Archæol. Soc. (1847) II. 79 That no commission-officer or midshipmen do presume to wear any other uniform than what properly belongs to his rank. 1760Cautions & Adv. to Officers of Army 123 You are..to consider what is to be furnished out of this last Sum, and that is your Regimentals or Uniform. 1802James Milit. Dict. s.v., Scarlet is the national uniform of the British army. Ibid., Generally speaking each [corps] has an uniform within itself, yet this uniform, strictly considered, is a regimental. 1837Dickens Pickw. iv, Colonel Bulder, in full military uniform, on horseback. 1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. III. 363 Insisting that none shall fight who do not wear the uniform of one of the armies engaged.
fig.1768–74Tucker Lt. Nat. (1834) II. 121 Passion so commonly marches under the colours and in the uniform of reason,..that [etc.].
b. A distinctive uniform dress worn by the members of any civilian body or association of persons.
1837Dickens Pickw. ii, The proposed uniform, sir, of the Pickwick Club. 1885‘Mrs. Alexander’ At Bay i, A good-looking boy in the polytechnique uniform. 1897Hall Caine Christian x, The girls were nearly all nurses, and they wore their nurse's uniform.
c. A single suit of this kind. † Also pl., the separate garments composing this.
1783Ann. Reg., Chron. 193/2 Such flag officers, however, as were provided with the uniforms were permitted to wear the same. 1814Scott Wav. xvii, He had laid aside the Highland dress for the time, to put on an old blue and red uniform. 1834Marryat P. Simple xxxviii, That is the reason why my uniforms are so shabby. I spoilt them then.
d. transf. The customary dress or mode of appearance characteristic of persons of a certain age, class, or lifestyle.
1930G. B. Shaw Apple Cart i. 13 (Pointing to his blouse.) Boanerges. The uniform of Labor, your Royal Highness. 1967Listener 17 Aug. 197/3 One day one had one's hair flopping down one's back, short skirts which barely cleared the knee. (Ironically that's the uniform of grown-ups nowadays, isn't it?) 1976‘D. Fletcher’ Don't whistle ‘Macbeth’ 37 The discreet beads, the silver bracelet,..court shoes..were identical with the uniform of hundreds of women..of the middle class.
3. a. A person wearing a uniform. rare.
1786F. Burney Diary Oct., I opened the eating-room door,..but saw to my surprise a party of uniforms. 1900J. K. Jerome Three Men on Bummel ix. 208, I believe there is a heavy fine for joking with any German uniform. 1970G. Jackson Let. 24 Mar. in Soledad Brother (1971) 189 If a uniform denied some small request, we would take it to the counselor.
b. Short for uniform branch (see below).
1978F. Branston Sergeant Ritchie's Conscience i. 13 ‘Spoken to the Chief?’ he said... ‘Uniform have done that,’ guessed Ritchie.
4. attrib.
a. In the sense ‘pertaining to, forming (part of) a uniform’, as uniform case, uniform clothes, uniform coat.
In some instances not clearly distinguishable from the adj. Cf. uniform a. 2 c.
1807P. Gass Jrnl. 188 We got a canoe from the natives, for which we gave an officer's uniform coat. 1825in J. A. Heraud Voy. Midshipm. (1837) x. 179 Buy your..uniform clothes (two jackets and one coat) in London. 1852Thackeray Esmond ii. xiii, An officer in a green uniform coat. 1889J. J. Hissey Tour in Phaeton 399 We pack our personal belongings in tin uniform cases.
b. In the sense ‘wearing uniform; uniformed’; spec. in the police force, distinguished from the plain-clothes section, esp. in uniform branch.
1895Westm. Gaz. 1 Jan. 4/3 Several uniform policemen watched the prosecutor and prisoners. 1938F. D. Sharpe Sharpe of Flying Squad i. 15, I don't wish to detract from the valuable work carried out by the Uniform Section..but..the Flying Squad plays a leading part in this work. 1970P. Laurie Scotland Yard ii. 51 The school also provides instructors to train uniform officers. 1972Police Rev. 17 Nov. 1509/1, I would like to express my gratitude..for the efforts of both the C.I.D. and the uniform branch to deal with crime. 1980P. G. Winslow Counsellor Heart ii. 41 Uniform Branch have had complaints of noise... Late parties.
▪ II. uniform, a.|ˈjuːnɪfɔːm|
Also 6 vnifourme, 6–8 uniforme.
[a. F. uniforme (14th c. in Godef., = It., Sp., Pg. uniforme), or ad. L. ūniform-is: see uni- and form.]
I. Of things in respect to their own qualities or constitution.
1. Of one form, character, or kind; having, maintaining, occurring in or under, the same form always; that is or remains the same in different places, at different times, or under varying circumstances; exhibiting no difference, diversity, or variation.
1540Palsgr. Acolastus A ij, One selfe and vniforme maner of teachynge of all those Grammaticalle ensygnementes. 1555W. Watreman Fardle Facions i. v. 72 The ordre of Mariage emong the Egiptians is not vniforme. 1601Holland Pliny I. 161 This impression, that maketh either the foresaid uniforme likenesse, or confusion and varietie. 1662Extr. St. Papers Friends Ser. ii. (1911) 150 Wee would be glad that all our Subjects could be brought to agree in a uniforme Worship of God. 1710Prideaux Orig. Tithes ii. 127 From whence else should they have such a Uniform Usage but by a Uniform Tradition from them? 1780Bentham Princ. Legisl. xiv. §1 It is lost time to seek for an uniform base of agreement upon so essential an object. 1818Scott Br. Lamm. xi, According to a uniform custom in remote places in Scotland. 1869F. W. Newman Misc. 224 A uniform franchise through the whole federation would have followed. 1891Law Times XCII. 124/1 In Ireland the practice in this respect..was not uniform.
absol.1606Sylvester Du Bartas ii. iv. ii. Magnif. 1335 Cause of all Causes, Ocean of all Good,..The Uni-form, which gives all forms their Beeing.
b. Of persons (or personifications), their disposition, etc. Hence, exhibiting or preserving uniformity or consistency in respect of conduct or opinion; consistent.
1551Cranmer Answ. to Gardiner i. 14 The churche of Rome..sheweth her selfe alway vniforme and consonaunt, to confound all the doctrine of Christe. 1647H. More Phil. Poems ii. lxxii, If he will his own fortunes overturn It cannot well be holp, we must be uniform. 1692Dryden St. Euremont's Ess. 339 There is a man so uniform as to having nothing of Inequality and contrariety in his Actions. 1748Richardson Clarissa i. I. 3 Every-body pities you. So steady so uniform in your conduct. 1799Wellington in Gurw. Desp. (1834) I. 16 Of this uniform disposition abundant proofs have been afforded by each of the allies. 1822Scott Peveril xlviii, For Buckingham's sins,..he is the regular and uniform sponsor.
†c. Of consent: Unanimous. Obs.
1559in Strype Ann. Ref. viii. (1709) 116 We..have with one uniform consent set forth this short declaration. 1620Brent tr. Sarpi's Counc. Trent viii. 745 An vniforme consent of Doctors.
d. Of clothing or dress: Of the same pattern, colour, and material amongst a number or body of persons.
Merging into an attrib. use of uniform n. (sense 4).
1746in Jrnl. Archaeol. Soc. (1847) II. 77 That a uniform dress is useful and necessary for the commissioned officers. 1768Ann. Reg., Chron. 63/1 The lappels and cuffs of the military uniform frocks, appointed to be worn by the lieutenants of his Majesty's fleet. 1783Ibid. 193/2 The uniform clothing..worn by the flag officers. 1890Harper's Mag. Feb. 333 The practice of clothing soldiers, by regiments, in one uniform dress.
2. Having or presenting the same appearance or aspect; exhibiting no, or little, diversity in respect of form, design, or dimensions; hence, having a plain, unbroken, or undiversified surface or exterior.
In the 17th–18th centuries freq. of buildings, etc.
a1550Leland Itin. (1768) I. 107 The Chirch of S. Mary is excellent, newe, and uniforme yn work. 1621in Kempe Losely MSS. (1836) 456 The church of St. Treguse ys..a very good one, were it uniforme. 1632Massinger & Field Fatal Dowry iii. i, All else about you, cap-a-pie, So uniform in spite of handsomeness, Shews such a bold contempt of comeliness. 1696Whiston Theory of Earth ii. 115 Every such state of external Nature was even, uniform, and regular. 1723Chambers tr. Le Clerc's Treat. Arch. I. 59 Columns..ought not to have any Flutings; for..plain uniform Columns carry..a better appearance. 1756Nugent Gr. Tour, Netherl. I. 299 The street called La Rue Royale, is one of the longest, straightest, and most uniform in Europe. 1784Cowper Task vi. 178 All this uniform, uncolour'd scene, Shall be dismantled of its fleecy load. 1859Darwin Orig. Spec. iii. 73 The face of nature remains uniform for long periods of time. 1884Bower & Scott De Bary's Phaner. 110 The thickening mass is either uniform or pitted.
As adv.1630R. Johnson's Kingd. & Commw. 132 Paris..is the greater, the uniformer built, and stronglier situate.
†b. Bot. Of flowers: (see quots.). Obs.
1693Phil. Trans. XVII. 929 Such as have a Uniform Flower, as Senna, or such as have a difform or Papilionaceous Flower. 1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. I, Uniform Flowers of Plants, the Botanists call such as are all round of the same Figure; or whose fore and back part, and whose right and left parts are exactly alike.
c. Of material things or colour.
In this group the sense sometimes becomes narrowed down to ‘not mixed or blended’.
1756Burke On the Sublime & Beautiful iii. xxvii, Nor..is the power of black as black, or of white as white, so strong as when each stands uniform and distinguished. 1764Harmer Observ. iv. §27. 192 This mingled wine stands in opposition to new wine, which is, to the eye, an uniform liquor. 1823Scott Quentin D. ii, His jerkin, hose, and cloak, were of a dark uniform colour. 1845Florist's Jrnl. 261 Few gardens could boast an uniform luxuriant green among the plants. c1860Faraday Forces Nat. 67 This piece of glass..being perfectly uniform in its internal structure.
3. Of motion, dimensions, etc.: Free from fluctuation or variation in respect of quantity or amount.
1559W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse 10 The sterres kepe one vniforme distance in mouing. 1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. lxix. §2 The heauens..keepe in their motions vniforme celeritie. 1656tr. Hobbes' Elem. Philos. iii. xv. 156 Uniform [motion] is that by which equal Lines are alwayes transmitted in equal times. 1764Museum Rust. IV. 58 We should find it in an uniform progression of encrease. 1796Withering Brit. Plants (ed. 3) III. 879 Branches of a uniform breadth. 1860Maury Phys. Geog. (Low) xxii. §883 The flow of heat from the sun is held to be uniform. 1879Thomson & Tait Nat. Phil. I. i. §20 Velocity..may be uniform, i.e. the same at every instant; or it may be variable.
II. Of things of the same class in respect of each other, or of one thing in relation to another or others of the same class.
4. Of the same form, character, or kind as another or others; agreeing or according with one another, conforming to one standard, rule, or pattern; alike, similar.
1548W. Thomas in Strype Eccl. Mem. (1721) II. App. v. 71 So because we have no neighbour of uniform religion, I determine we can find no friend, whose amity is to be trusted. 1594Hooker Eccl. Pol. iv. xiii. §2 The only doubt is about the manner of their unity; how far churches are bound to be uniform in their ceremonies. 1637Saltonstall Eusebius' Constantine 77 Thus the Emperours Edict discovered the Dens and uniforme Cages of these Heretickes. 1660R. Coke Power & Subj. 222 The ceremonies of Edward's Reformation were more uniform than before. 1702Engl. Theophrast. 263 Things Past, Present, and to Come, are strangely Uniform and of a Colour. 1762Kames Elem. Crit. (1833) 481 When two figures are composed of similar parts, they are said to be uniform. 1794Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho xvi, My answers on the subject have been uniform. 1867Smiles Huguenots Eng. i. 6 The copies sold having been compared with each other, were found to be exactly uniform. 1878J. S. Bristowe Th. & Pract. Med. (ed. 2) 534 The symptoms of rupture of the heart are far from uniform.
†b. Of buildings. Obs.
1549W. Thomas Hist. Italy 207 Buildynges on bothe sides so fayre and vniforme. 1617Moryson Itin. iii. 66 The houses are most of bricke,..and so vniforme, as if they had all beene built at a time, and by the same workemen. 1684Burnet tr. More's Utopia 73 Their Buildings are good, and are so uniform, that a whole side of a Street looks like one House. 1700in Picton L'pool Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 291 Y⊇ buildings be handsome & uniform.
†c. Of persons. Obs.
In quot. referring to Matt. xxii. 11–13.
a1626Bp. Andrewes Pattern Cath. Doctr. (1630) 210 He that was not uniforme was punished.
†d. In agreement with, accordant to, something.
a1586Sidney Arcadia ii. xii, So divers be the Elements disposed In this weake worke, that it can never be Made uniforme to any state reposed. 1669in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) II. 557 Three outward dore cases shalbe arched..with freestone vniforme to the windowes. 1702H. Dodwell Apol. §19, I have shewn it agreeable to the severest Reasoning..to make his Death uniform to the rest of his Life.
▪ III. uniform, v.|ˈjuːnɪfɔːm|
[f. the adj. or n. Cf. Sp. and Pg. uniformar, It. uniformarsi.]
1. trans. To make conformable to.
In a parody of pedantic language.
a1586Sidney Wanstead Play in Arcadia (1629) 622 Thus must I vniform my speech to your obtuse conceptions.
2. To make or render (a number of persons or things) uniform or alike; to bring or reduce to uniformity.
In later quots. with suggestion of sense 3.
c1681Hickeringill Trimmer iii. Wks. 1716 I. 372 We'll uniform you all, and make you all alike. 1708T. Ward Eng. Ref. i. (1710) 64 To..Uniform the Multitude In Prayer, and joyn the jarring crowd. 1870Lowell Study Wind. (1871) 258 The more than Protean travesties which words underwent before they were uniformed by Johnson and Walker. 1887Harper's Mag. July 280 It is a human device to uniform people into friends and enemies.
3. To dress in, put into, uniform. Cf. uniformed a., uniforming vbl. n. orig. U.S.
1861O. W. Norton Let. 8 June in Army Lett. (1903) 12 We are to be uniformed and equipped immediately. 1888Long Branch (New Jersey) News 7 Apr., In our spirit of imitation do we not go too far when we talk of uniforming the shop girls in the big dry goods store. 1894Outing XXIV. 78/2 Hull persisted in uniforming the militia after his own sweet will. |