| 释义 |
military, a. and n.|ˈmɪlɪtərɪ|
Also 6–7 -rie.
[f. F. militaire, ad. L. mīlitar-is, f. mīlit-, mīles soldier. Cf. Sp., Pg. militar, It. militare.]
A. adj.
1. Pertaining to soldiers; used, performed, or brought about by soldiers; befitting a soldier.
1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. iii. iii. 74 The Pretorian legions..began to become rulers over their maisters, vnder pretext of such a Militarie gift. 1591Garrard Art Warre 17 Which he must weare to honour the Militarie profession. 1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, ii. iii. 30 So that in Speech, in Gate,..In Militarie Rules,..He was the Marke and Glasse..That fashion'd others. 1611Heywood Gold. Age ii. i. Wks. 1874 III. 21 Train'd my youth, In feats of Armes, and military prowesse. 1665Manley Grotius' Low C. Warres 119 They esteem luxury, and all other licentiousness, as Military Gallantry. 1667Milton P.L. iv. 955 Was this..Your military obedience..? Ibid. xi. 241 Over his lucid Armes A militarie Vest of purple flowd. a1718Penn Tracts Wks. 1726 I. 575 Maugre all the Military Opposition of the Jews. 1776Burney Hist. Mus. I. i. iv. 340 With respect to Military Music, the trumpet is mentioned by Homer in a simile. 1843Borrow Bible in Spain xliv, The late military revolution. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. vi. II. 142 Tyrconnel..knew nothing of military duty. 1860All Year Round No. 42. 370 They march along with their military heels, their shortened petticoats abruptly terminating.
2. a. Engaged in the life of a soldier; belonging to the army.
1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, iv. i. 62 The Throngs of Militarie men. 1617Moryson Itin. ii. 45 That dependancy which all military men already had on him. 1682Dryden Medal 179 Thy military chiefs are brave and true.
transf.1816Kirby & Sp. Entomol. xvii. (1818) II. 65 When the military ants before alluded to go upon their expeditions.
b. Having the characteristics of a soldier; soldierly.
1588Shakes. L.L.L. v. i. 38 Most militarie sir, salutation. 1612Bacon Ess., Greatn. Kingd. (Arb.) 472 Walled Towns,..Ordinance, and Artillerie, they are all but a Sheep in a Lions skin, except the breed and disposition of the people be militarie. 1839Bailey Festus xii. (1852) 146 Man is a military animal, Glories in gunpowder, and loves parade. 1863Kinglake Crimea I. 64 He was a man too military to be warlike.
3. a. Having reference to armed forces or to the army; adapted to or connected with a state of war; distinguished from civil, ecclesiastical, etc.
1590Sir J. Smyth Disc. Weapons Ded. 1 b, Our auncient proceedings in matters Militarie. 1600J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa App. 373 His fourth militarie forces, are the Arabians. 1602Warner Alb. Eng. Epit. (1612) 357 ætius..caused this maruellous and militarie Wall then to be builded. 1612Selden Illustr. Drayton's Poly-olb. xv. 244 Excepting those [orders] of Templars..and such like other which were more Religious then Military. 1768Blackstone Comm. III. 115 The public ecclesiastical, military, and maritime jurisdictions. 1804Duke of Grafton in Autobiog., etc. (1898) 3 A parent, who, had he lived, would probably have been as distinguished a character in the civil, as he had shown that he was in the military [i.e. naval] line. 1825J. Neal Bro. Jonathan III. 115 Washington would have lost a part, or the whole of..his military stores. 1850W. D. Cooper Hist. Winchelsea 37 The Strand Gate..leading by the new Military road to Rye.
b. In special collocations. military academy, a place of training in the military art (cf. Academy 5); military age, the age at which one becomes liable for military service; military architecture, the science of fortification; military art, † art military, the art of war (also fig.); military attaché, an army officer serving with an embassy; also, one attached as an observer to a foreign army; hence military attachéship; military band [band n.3 4], a band attached to a military unit; military board, a board specially appointed to deal with the affairs of the army; military braid (see quots.); military brush = military hairbrush; military chest, the treasury of an army; military college (cf. college n. 4 e) = military academy; Military Cross (abbrev. M.C.), a decoration instituted in 1915 and awarded to officers for gallantry in the face of the enemy; military drum, the side or ‘snare’ drum; military engineering = military architecture; military execution (see quot. 1704); military feud, a feudal estate held on certain conditions of armed service to be rendered to the feudal superior; military fever, enteric or typhus fever; military hairbrush, a hairbrush without a handle; military honours: see honour, honor n. 5 and 5 d; military hospital, a hospital designed for the reception of soldiers, esp. a field hospital; military law, the body of enactments and rules for the government of an army; also, an enactment or rule forming part of this; military mast, a mast carried by a war-ship for fighting purposes only; Military Medal (abbrev. M.M.), a decoration of similar distinction to the Military Cross which was instituted in 1916 for ‘other ranks’; military-minded a. [minded ppl. a. 5], having a mind of a military character; military offence, an offence cognizable by a military court; military orchid, orchis, a European orchid, Orchis militaris, with pinkish-grey, helmet-shaped flowers, now very rare in Britain; also called soldier orchid; military police, the body of soldiers responsible for police duty in the armed forces; hence military policeman; Military Secretary, an army staff officer who acts as personal and confidential secretary to the Commander-in-Chief or certain other specified officers (see quot. 1876); hence Military Secretaryship; military service, the service in war due from a vassal to his feudal superior (cf. service n. 12); now, service in the armed forces; military tenure, a feudal tenure under which a vassal owed his superior certain defined services in war; military testament, a nuncupative will by which, in the Roman law, a soldier might dispose of his possessions without the formalities required in an ordinary testament; military top, an armoured platform placed on a military mast for signalling and other warlike purposes; military two-step, in old-time dancing, a variation of the two-step; † military yard, a place set apart for the training of soldiers.
1776Jrnls. Continental Congress U.S. (1906) VI. 860 Resolved, That the Board of War be directed to prepare a plan for establishing a..*Military Academy. 1802[see royal a. 6]. 1805J. Orrok Let. 7 Aug. (1927) 79 He is..a Lieut. although not in orders, which he cannot be untill he has been a few months at a..Military Academy. 1934Amer. Speech IX. 313/1 The United States Military Academy. 1974Hartsville (S. Carolina) Messenger 22 Apr. 2-A/7 He made the decision to earn an appointment to a Military Academy.
1920Webster, *Military age. 1934G. B. Shaw Too True to be Good iii. 88 Had I been of military age I should have been a conscientious objector. 1941Manch. Guardian Weekly 26 Sept. 194/2 It would not be fair to raise the military age..without a thorough comb-out of the younger men.
1688Capt. J. S. Fortification 23 Fortification, or *Military Architecture, is a Science [etc.].
1590Sir J. Smyth Disc. Weapons Ded. 1 And speciallie in the *Arte Militarie. 1693Congreve Old Bach. v. xv, That you are overreached too, ha! ha! ha! only a little art-military used. 1726Swift Gulliver iv. xii, Their prudence..would amply supply all defects in the military art.
1857Foreign Office List X. 18 *Military Attaché to the Embassy, Lt. Col. E. L. Claremont, C.B. 1877H. Ponsonby Let. 18 Nov. in A. Ponsonby Henry Ponsonby (1942) 167 We have dozens of Military Attachés with the Armies in the field. 1961J. Masters Road past Mandalay vi. 76 It was Persia, and the Military Attaché was doubtful.
1882*Military attachéship [see attachéship].
1775Westm. Mag. May 231/1 Three *military bands, composed of fifes, drums, cymbals, etc. 1836Dickens Sk. Boz, Scenes xiv, A military band commenced playing. 1912G. Miller (title) The military band. 1964A. Sexton Sel. Poems 7 While a military band plays a Strauss waltz.
1800Wellington in Gurw. Desp. I. 233, I admire the attention to economy in the *Military board.
1950‘Mercury’ Dict. Textile Terms 346 *Military braid, a broad braid such as is worn on the tunics of soliders. 1966Olney Amsden & Sons Ltd. Price List 39 Rayon Military Braid in fashion shades 66/6 gross yards. 1968J. Ironside Fashion Alphabet 76 Military braid, a flat braid with a diagonal weave.
1926Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 6 Jan. 2/1 (Advt.), Gentleman's French Ivory *Military Brushes. Concave back, a fine quality bristle. 1969H. Knowles-Brown Ltd. (Hampstead) Christmas Catal., Ivory backed military brushes from; per pair {pstlg}19 0 0.
1753Hanway Trav. (1762) II. v. i. 126 The *military chest..fell also into the hands of the Abdollees. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. vi. II. 63 The Universities were preparing to coin their plate for the purpose of supplying the military chest of his enemies.
1809G. L. Wardle Charges against Duke of York 334 Mr. Froome came to town to settle some old accounts of mine as treasurer to the Royal *Military College. 1837W. Dyott Diary 17 Jan. (1907) II. 246 Young Palmer, a candidate for the army at the Military College at Sandhurst.
1915London Gaz. 1 Jan. 7/1 Royal Warrant instituting a new decoration ‘The *Military Cross’. 1917W. Owen Let. 9 Apr. (1967) 451, I think Capt. Green..will get a Military Cross, which he has long deserved—for 2½ years active service. 1969S. Mays Fall out Officers viii. 52 Wearing among his campaign ribbons that of the Military Cross.
1872Nature 11 Apr. 465/1 It is to the School of *Military Engineering that the young lieutenants of Engineers are sent.
1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. I, *Military Execution, is delivering a Country up to be ravaged and destroyed by the Soldiers, when it refuses to pay Contribution, &c.
1730M. Wright Law Tenures 32 *Military Feuds in most Countries began to descend to the eldest Son only.
1885–8Fagge & Pye-Smith Princ. Med. (ed. 2) I. 131 Morbus Castrensis or *military fever.
1894Country Gentlemen's Catal. 148 Two Ivory *Military Hair Brushes, in Solid Leather Case, 57/-. 1972J. Porter Meddler & her Murder i. 7 A couple of quick passes with her silver-backed military hair brushes.
1778Crit. Rev. Sept. 189 An account of *military honours paid to crowned heads and to other persons. 1853Military honours [see honour, honor n. 5 d]. 1901Daily Chron. 4 June, The allied troops rendered military honours to the departing commander-in-chief. 1975Times 2 Aug. 2/2 The UVF, a Protestant paramilitary group, said they would receive full military honours.
1777Jrnls. Continental Congress U.S. (1907) VII. 162 An Inspector General of the Army..[shall] visit the *Military hospitals..to examine the medicines and instruments. 1789P. Thicknesse Year's Journey (ed. 3) I. iii. 25 The Silver Lion..is..preferable to Dessein's, as the drains from the Military Hospital run under the latter. 1799Med. Jrnl. I. 455 The want of proper military hospitals has been severely felt. 1860F. Nightingale Notes on Nursing iii. 23 The ordinary run of military hospitals. 1969S. Mays Fall out Officers iii. 25, I was not taken to the Cambridge Military Hospital, Aldershot, as I had thought.
1737London Mag. Aug. 492/2 'Tis certain the *military law may be made much stricter and more severe than the common Law can be made. 1883Encycl. Brit. XVI. 295/2 The military law of England in early times existed..in a period of war only.
1887Daily News 25 July 2/5 One bare pole called a *military mast. 1898Westm. Gaz. 8 June 5/2 One of the Spanish shot hit the military mast of the Massachusetts.
1916London Gaz. 5 Apr. 3647/1 Royal Warrant instituting a new medal entitled ‘The *Military Medal’... We do..institute and create a silver medal to be awarded to non-commissioned officers and men for individual or associated acts of bravery on the recommendation of a Commander-in-Chief in the field. 1917A. G. Empey Over Top 300 Military Medal, a piece of junk issued to Tommy who has done something that is not exactly brave but is still not cowardly. 1922Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 892/1 The Military Medal.—Instituted in March 1916 for award to non-commissioned officers and men of the army for individual or associated acts of bravery in the field. 1957Ibid. XVI. 638/1 Other awards of lesser degree in this class [awarded for gallantry] are: Distinguished Service Order, instituted in 1886 and the Military Cross (1914); only officers are eligible for the award... Also the Military Medal (1916); only ‘other ranks’ are eligible for the award.
1910W. James Mem. & Stud. (1911) xi. 288 Commonwealths fit only for contempt, and liable to invite attack whenever a centre of crystallization for *military-minded enterprise gets formed anywhere in their neighbourhood. 1939Ann. Reg. 1938 266 The Portuguese are rapidly becoming a military-minded people.
1848Wharton Law Lex., *Military offences, those matters which are cognizable by the courts military, as insubordination, sleeping on guard, desertion, &c.
1934M. J. Godfery Monogr. & Iconogr. Native Brit. Orchidaceæ 168 Orchis militaris L. Soldier Orchid, *Military Orchid. 1948J. Brooke Military Orchid i. 17 The Military Orchid had taken on a kind of legendary quality, its image seemed fringed with the mysterious and exciting appurtenances of soldiering, its name was like a distant bugle-call, thrilling and rather sad. 1969J. E. Lousley Wild Flowers of Chalk & Limestone (ed. 2) vii. 90 The largest..was 14 inches (35 cm.) tall with no less than 26 flowers. This must be about the finest Military Orchid seen in England. Ibid. 91 It is the resemblance of the hood to an ancient helmet which has led to the plant being called the Soldier or Military Orchid.
1812W. Withering Jr. Withering's Brit. Plants (ed. 5) II. 29 (heading) Narrow-lipped *Military Orchis. O. militaris. 1884W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants 99/2 Orchis,..Military. Orchis militaris. 1950G. Brenan Face of Spain vii. 156 Under an olive tree I picked a specimen of that rare plant, the Military Orchis, which I knew from the plate in Bentham's Flora but had never found before.
1827J. J. Snodgrass Narr. Burmese War v. 59 In every village there appeared a small party of *military police. 1933J. Buchan Prince of Captivity i. ii. 66 The military police arrived in quest of him. 1974J. Wainwright Hard Hit 52 One evening session had seen..seven full-weight smash-ups start—and end with the arrival of the Military Police.
1973J. Stranger Walk Lonely Road v. 44 My own father was a policeman. His father was a *military policeman. I suppose it's like the Services. It runs in families.
1812J. Orrok Let. 26 May (1927) 130 To Colonel Torrens, *Military Secretary to His Royal Highness the Commander-in-Chief. 1853J. H. Stocqueler Mil. Encycl. 179/2 All military correspondence with the commander-in-chief should be sent through the military secretary. 1876Voyle & Stevenson Mil. Dict. (ed. 3) 255/2 Military Secretary, an officer attached to the staff of the commander-in-chief, to governors of provinces, and to an officer commanding an army in the field. His duties to some extent are confidential, and he relieves the officer under whom he is serving of a great deal of personal correspondence. 1947R. G. Jessel G, A, & Q iii. 9 At the end of the course, a report on each student is sent to the Military Secretary at the War Office.
1778E. Draper Let. 12 Feb. in N. & Q. (1944) 29 July 51/1 Report says, that Dick Sulivan is coming home, in that case, your Brother, I suppose, Steps into the *Military Secretaryship.
1818Hallam Mid. Ages ii. i. (1868) 79 It by no means appears, that any conditions of *military service were expressly annexed to these grants. 1863Act 26 & 27 Vict. c. 65 §17 Her Majesty may direct the Lieutenants of Counties..to call out the Volunteer Corps..for actual Military Service. 1909G. B. Shaw Press Cuttings 25 What women need is the right to military service. 1922Encycl. Brit. XXXII. 39/2 Mr. Lloyd George persuaded the Supreme Council to accept the principle that all the enemy Powers should be obliged to abolish compulsory military service.
1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) XII. 14/2 Soon after the restoration of king Char. II. when the *military tenures were abolished. 1879Ibid. (ed. 9) IX. 175/2 The king..had a right to the military service of such among his subjects as held lands by military tenure.
1797Tomlins Jacob's Law Dict., *Military Testament.
1887Times (weekly ed.) 26 Aug. 8/1 Two mainmasts with *military-tops.
1911Ball Room Mar. 4/1 (Advt.), Finnigan's,..Manchester... Inventor of the original *Military Two Step. 1949V. Silvester Old Time Dancing 49 The Military Two-step is often danced with varying distances separating the partners at different times. 1950M. Gwynne Old Time & Sequence Dancing 78 Military Two Step... A championship dance. Commence as in the Veleta. 1966Listener 24 Nov. 783/3 The military two-step ended with the ripping of Freddie's entire sleeve.
1630R. Johnson's Kingd. & Commw. 28 That little use which he hath had of his Armes in the Artillery garden, and *Military yard. 1635W. Barriffe Mil. Discip. xcix. (1643) 286 The Gentlemen of the Military yard. 1659Rushw. Hist. Coll. I. 422 The Military-yard near St. Martins in the Fields.
c. Comb. with other adjs., as military-industrial, military-political, military-scientific, military-technological adjs.
1961D. Eisenhower in N.Y. Times 18 Jan. 22/4 In the councils of Government, we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex. 1973Times 13 Jan. 19/5 President Eisenhower, who warned the country of the dangers of a military-industrial complex, must be twitching in his grave.
1965H. Kahn On Escalation 291 The military-political outcome of a war.
1960Encounter Oct. 9 Military-scientific research.
1962Times 26 Feb. (Canada Suppl.) p. ii/2 The ‘military-technological complex’ eating into American business and politics alike.
B. n.
1. a. Soldiery; soldiers generally. Chiefly, the military; (with sing. or plural verb).
1757J. H. Grose Voy. E. Indies 202 None..of the Parsees either meddle at all with the government, or with the military. 1772Ann. Reg. 93/1 The military marched down to the ship. 1813Chron. ibid. 76 The whole escorted by 400 military. 1868G. Duff Pol. Surv. 16 Their procession was interrupted by the military. 1968Globe & Mail (Toronto) 3 Feb. 11/5 The military use special film to photograph hidden features of the ground below. 1968Mrs. L. B. Johnson White House Diary 8 Oct. (1970) 718 I've come to have a lot more understanding of what the military puts up with and especially the wives. 1970New Yorker 3 Oct. 44/3 Other branches of the military..were not impressed.
†b. The military profession, the army. Obs.
1775Tender Father I. 189 Even to the gentlemen in the military,..Mr. N― would not allow of any material excuses.
2. A military man, esp. an officer in the army.
1736Mrs. Manley Secret Mem. I. 157 A certain Military's Wife has had more Darts for him than are necessary. 1804A. Seward Mem. Darwin 149 Fox-hunting esquires, dashing militaries, and pedantic gownsmen. 1837Lett. fr. Madras (1843) 94 The civilians all expect to come to us..; and the militaries go to Captain Price. 1962Listener 1 Nov. 723/3 A few splendid portraits of the Austrian court nobility and of the high militaries.
Hence ˈmilitaryism, militarism. ˈmilitaryment, military experience or ability.
1776Jefferson Let. Writ. 1893 II. 88 Pray regard militaryment alone. 1886E. B. Bax Relig. Socialism 6 Hence the prominence of militaryism in all early civilisations. 1885Athenæum 31 Oct. 569/3 In England and the United States..militaryism is less dominant. |