| 释义 |
▪ I. harlot, n.|ˈhɑːlət|
Forms: 3– harlot; 3–4 herlot, (3 pl. har-, herloz), 4 harelot, harlatte, 4–6 harlote, -lotte, 5–6 -lat, 6 harllott.
[As a word of masculine gender found early in 13th c., as feminine in 15th c.; a. OF. herlot, harlot, arlot masc., lad, young fellow, base fellow, knave, vagabond = Pr. arlot vagabond, beggar, It. arlotto ‘a lack-latin or hedge-priest’ (Florio), ‘glutton, greedy gut, great eater’ (Baretti); cf. med.L. arlotus, erlotus glutton (Mahn); OSp. arlote, alrote lazy, sluggardly, loafing; OPg. alrotar to go about begging, Pg. to mock. Of this widely-diffused Romanic word, the ulterior history and origin are uncertain: see suggestions in Diez, Mahn Etymolog. Untersuch. No. 155, and Skeat.
The random ‘conjecture’ of Lambarde, 1570–6, retailed by many later writers, that harlot in sense 5 c was derived from the name of Arlette or Herleva, mother of William the Conqueror, could have been offered only after the earlier senses and uses of the word were forgotten.]
†1. A vagabond, beggar, rogue, rascal, villain, low fellow, knave. In later use (16–17th c.), sometimes a man of loose life, a fornicator; also, often, a mere term of opprobrium or insult. Obs.
a1225Ancr. R. 356 And beggen ase on harlot, ȝif hit neod is, his liueneð. c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 317 A foule herlote him slowe [un ribaud li tuayt]. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xvii. 108 He was vnhardy, þat harlot and hudde hym in inferno. c1386Chaucer Reeve's T. 348 Ye false harlot, quod the Millere, hast? c1460Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 248 Outt, harro! what harlot is he That says his kyngdom shalbe cryde? 1508Kennedie Flyting w. Dunbar 359 Herefore, fals harlot, hursone, hald thy tong. 1549Latimer 3rd Serm. bef. Edw. VI (Arb.) 86 Was not thys a sedyciouse harlot? 1561–77Durham Depos. (Surtees) 107 That I called him openly ‘beggerly harlot and cutthrote’. c1620Z. Boyd Zion's Flowers (1855) 103 A man a harlot, and a wife a whoore. 1659D. Pell Impr. Sea 37 What should you do with such Harlots in your Service? which calls for holiness, and better principled men.
†2. An itinerant jester, buffoon, or juggler; one who tells or does something to raise a laugh. Obs.
a1340Hampole Psalter xxxix. 6 Hoppynge & daunnceynge of tumblers and herlotis, and oþer spectakils. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. vii. 48 Hold not þou with harlotes, here not heore tales. c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 352 Mynstrel and joȝelour, tumbler and harlot, wole not take of þe puple bifore þat þei han shewid þer craft. 14..Nom. in Wr.-Wülcker 694 note, Hic scurra..harlot. 14..Medulla, MS. Cant. (Promp. Parv.), Gerro, a tryfelour, or a harlott. 1483Cath. Angl. 175/2 An Harlott, balatro (A. histrio)..ioculator, -trix.
†3. Applied to a male servant or attendant; a menial: cf. knave, in similar use. Obs.
13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 39 Þen þe harlot with haste helded to þe table. c1386Chaucer Sompn. T. 46 A sturdy harlot wente ay hem bihynde, That was hir hostes man, and bar a sak. c1450Merlin 9 When hir suster com..she brought with her a grete hepe of harlotys. 1536Bellenden Cron. Scot. (1821) I. 55 He repudiat his nobil quene..and gart his vicious harlotis deforce hir.
†4. = ‘Fellow’; playfully ‘good fellow’. Obs.
c1386Chaucer Prol. 647 He [Somonour] was a gentil harlot and a kynde A bettre felawe sholde men noght fynde. a1634Chapman Revenge Hon. Wks. 1873 III. 325 That is an harlot. Prithee be musical and let us taste The sweetness of thy voice.
5. Applied to a woman.
a. As a general term of execration. (Cf. 1.) rare.
c1485Digby Myst. (1882) i. 326 What, ye harlottes, I haue aspied certeyn That ye be traytours to my lord the kyng. 1823Carlyle Early Lett. (Norton) II. 236, I bullyrag the sluttish harlots of the place.
†b. A female juggler, dancing-girl, ballet-dancer, or actress. (Cf. 2.) Obs.
1483Cath. Angl. 175/2 An Harlott..ioculatrix, pantomima..histrix.
c. spec. An unchaste woman; a prostitute; a strumpet.
(Very frequent in 16th c. Bible versions, where Wyclif had hoore, whore; prob. as a less offensive word.)
1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 249 The harlottes at Rome were callede nonariæ. 1513More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 784 King Edwarde woulde say that he had three concubines..the thirde the holyest harlot in the realme. 1526Tindale Luke xv. 30 Thy sonne..which hath devoured thy goodes with harlootes [Wycl. hooris; Rhem. whoores]. 1535Coverdale Job xxxi. 9 O then let my wife be another mans harlot. 1570–6Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1826) 200 Robert, the Duke of Normandie, had issue by a Concubine (whose name..was Harlothe, and after whom, as I coniecture, such incontinent women have ever since beene called Harlots). 1573–80Baret Alv. H 170 An harlot, a whore, a strumpet, meretrix. [The only sense mentioned.] 1667Milton P.L. iv. 766 Not in the bought smile Of Harlots, loveless, joyless, unindeard. 1718Prior Pleasure 905 To each new harlot I new altars dress. 1826Scott Woodst. iii, A tyrant and a harlot were fitting patron and patroness for such vanities. 1859Tennyson Vivien 819 Tho' harlots paint their talk as well as face, With colours of the heart that are not theirs.
fig.1560Bible (Genev.) Isa. i. 21 How is the faithful citie become an harlot! [Wycl. 1382 a strumpet; 1388 an hoore.] 17..Philips Wit & Wisdom (R.), Wit is a harlot beauteous to the eye. 1827Pollok Course T. v, The Church a harlot then, When first she wedded civil power. 1860Pusey Min. Proph. 298 The wealth..shall go to another harlot, Nineveh.
†6. Applied to unchaste persons of both sexes. Sc.
1563Winȝet Four Scoir Thre Quest. liii. Wks. 1888 I. 109 Gif the harlotis, for quhais causs matrimonie is violatit or adnullit, may mary wthiris. Ibid. 110 The twa harlotis to be ȝokit vp in a prætendit band of matrimonie.
b. Hence, play the harlot. (Chiefly of women.)
1535Coverdale Ezek. xvi. 28 Thou hast played the whore also with the Assirians..Yee thou hast played the harlot. 1541Lond. Chron. Hen. VIII in Camd. Misc. IV. 16 Hanggid and quartarid..for playing the harlottes with queen Kataryn that then was. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. ix. 226 Nobil men..with quhom she was accuiset to play the harlat. 1611Bible Hos. iii. 3 Thou shalt not play the harlot. 1885Bible (R.V.) App., [American Revisers' renderings] Substitute..‘play the harlot’ for ‘go a whoring’ and ‘commit whoredom’.
†7. Applied to the pointed boots worn in the 14th c. Obs.
13..Eulog. Hist. (Rolls) III. 231 Habent etiam caligas..quas cum corrigiis ligant ad suos ‘paltokkos’ quæ vocantur ‘harlottes’ [v.r. harlotes], et sic unus ‘harlot’ servit alteri.
8. attrib. passing into adj.: That is a harlot; of or pertaining to a harlot.
a1300Cursor M. 27932 Harlot sagh, speche o disur, rimes vnright, gest of Iogolur. 13..K. Alis. 3336 Thow him clepedst an harlot gome: Now thow seist he is the beste knyght. c1380Sir Ferumb. 1234 ‘Wat! harlot gadelyng..mote þou be heȝe an-honge!’ c1470Henry Wallace i. 219 Rouch rewlyngis apon thi harlot fete. 1570Buchanan Ane Admonit. Wks. (1892) 24 Godles papistes, harlat protestantis. 1590Shakes. Com. Err. ii. ii. 138 And teare the stain'd skin of my Harlot brow. 1667Milton P.L. ix. 1060 The Harlot-lap Of Philistean Dalilah. 1742Pope Dunc. iv. 45 A Harlot form, soft gliding by. a1774W. Harte Vis. Death (R.), Colours laid on with a true harlot grace; They only show themselves, and hide the face. 1879Farrar St. Paul xviii. I. 331 The harlot city which had made the nations drunk with the..wine of her fornications.
9. Comb. harlot-house, a brothel or stews.
1659D. Pell Impr. Sea Ep. Ded. C viij, The Mercenary Harlot houses that bee in the Italian..and Spanish Cities.
▪ II. ˈharlot, v.
[f. prec. n.]
intr. To play the harlot. Hence harloting vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1641Milton Animadv. i. Wks. (1847) 58/2 They that spend their youth in loitering, bezzling, and harlotting. 1675Wycherley Country Wife v. iv, O! thou harloting harlotry! hast thou done't then? 1697C. Leslie Snake in Grass (ed. 2) 35 By their own Argument, all the Quakers are Harlotted from the Church of Christ. 1864Daily Tel. 9 Feb., How about the courtesans harlotting in your streets? |