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ˈhardwood, n.
1. a. The wood or timber of deciduous trees, as distinguished from that of pines and firs; in some localities spec. that of oak and ash. Mostly attrib., as in hardwood tree, hardwood forest, etc. Chiefly Sc. and U.S.
1568Kirton-in-Lindsey Chruchw. Acc. in N.-W. Lincoln. Gloss., William Chapman, iij lode of hardwodde. 1813Geo. Robertson Agric. Surv. Kincard. 343 (Jam.) Deciduous trees, or what is here called hard wood; in distinction from the evergreens or firs, whose timber is comparatively softer. a1817T. Dwight Trav. New Eng. (1821) II. 165 Hard-wood land; or land, producing oak and other kinds of wood, which are called hard, in opposition to pine, and other soft kinds. 1828Craven Dial., Hardwood-trees, Deciduous trees, in contradistinction to evergreens and the fir tribe. 1840Knickerbocker XXVIII. 337 Most unexceptional ‘hardwood’ land. 1864Lowell Fireside Trav. 146 The rounded..outline of hard-wood trees. 1869Trans. Ill. Agric. Soc. VII. 578 Some elevated ridges..called technically, hard wood ridges..escaped wholly, or in part the effects of the fire. 1880Libr. Univ. Knowl. (N.Y.) X. 149 Forests of hardwood diversified by groves of sugar maple. 1897M. Kingsley W. Africa 641 Do not start a plantation on soil that is not growing hard-wood forest. a1898Mod. Will you have it of deal or hardwood? 1903S. E. White Forest viii. 89 The trunks of the hard⁓wood forest. 1911Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 15 Apr. 18/1 We mail on request an illustrated catalogue of plain and fancy hardwood floors with prices attached. 1968E. R. Buckler Ox Bells & Fireflies xxi. 297, I stand on top of the hardwood hill.
b. ellipt. A hardwood tree.
1905J. Nisbet Forester I. iii. iv. 419 Pit-planting is the usual method of growing Oak and all other kinds of hard⁓woods. 1908Westm. Gaz. 15 Aug. 15/3 The tender colours of the hardwoods bursting towards summer glory. 1972Country Life 16 Mar. 653/3 The number of trees by species..together with some idea of their quality (in the case of hardwoods, veneer, good or..low-grade mining and fencing timber).
2. a. In Australia, applied to many kinds of timber resembling teak, esp. to Backhousia Bancroftii, used in building and fencing. b. A West Indian shrub, Ixora ferrea.
1888Candish Whispering Voices 108 Sitting on a block of hardwood..Is the grayhaired forest feller. 1890Boldrewood Miner's Right iii. 24 A hammer-like piece of hardwood above a plate of tin. 1891Pall Mall G. 19 Jan. 2/1 Hardwood can be found in any quantity from the Dutch boundary to the Louisiade group. |