| 释义 |
▪ I. biting, vbl. n.|ˈbaɪtɪŋ|
[f. bite v. + -ing1.]
1. a. The action of the vb. bite in its various senses.
c1175Lamb. Hom. 33 A þer [in helle] is waning and graming..and feonda bitinga. c1440Promp. Parv. 37 Bytynge, morsura. 1534Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) E viii, It is like the bitynge of a madde dogge. 1577tr. Bullinger's Decades (1592) 48 The enuenomed bytinges of the Serpents. 1867F. Francis Angling ii. (1880) 70 The fish begin to slacken in their biting.
b. fig.
1382Wyclif Isa. Prol. 224 Opene to the bitingus of manye men. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. xxvi. (1495) 136 By the sharpenes and bytynge therof ache bredyth in the synewe of felynge. c1440Hylton Scala Perf. (W. de W. 1494) i. xxxiv, Bityng of conscience. 1627J. Doughty Serm. (1628) 17 Hence those bitings and censures against others.
c. spec. in Palæogr. The convergence of part of two letters, esp. d with e or o, in some medieval manuscripts. Cf. bite v. 12 h.
1957N. R. Ker Catal. MSS. containing Anglo-Saxon p. xix, The earliest dated English example of biting of d and e known to me is in the form of profession of Bishop Sefrid of Chichester in 1180 (Muniments of the Dean and Chapter of Canterbury, C.115, no. 43). 1960― English MSS. Cent. after Norman Conquest 39 This de ligature is perhaps the earliest of the numerous bitings of converging strokes which characterize the formal book-hand throughout the rest of its long existence.
†2. The wound made by a bite; the part bitten.
1527Andrew Brunswyke's Distyll. Waters Cjv, Cloutes wet therin and layd upon the bytynge. 1607Topsell Serpents 788 Spiders applyed and laid upon their own bitings..do heal and help those hurts. 1669Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 192 The same it will effect on the bitings or stingings of Snakes..and on the bitings of mad Dogs.
3. biting in (cf. bite v. 11 b).
1821Craig Lect. Drawing vii. 390 The corroding with the aquafortis is also called biting in. 1822J. Imison Sc. & Art II. 428 The biting-in of the plate is the most uncertain part of the process.
▪ II. ˈbiting, ppl. a.
[f. bite v. + -ing2.]
1. That bites (in the various senses of the vb.).
a1300Cursor M. 5954 Hungre flees, sare bitand. 1483Cath. Angl. 33 Bytynge, mordens, mordax. 1607Hieron Wks. I. 234 A sharpe axe, which hath a byting edge. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts 445 It hath very sharp teeth, and is a very biting Beast. 1865Dickens Mut. Fr. 114 The bitingest and tightest screw in London.
2. That causes pain or smart; keen, pungent.
1340Ayenb. 143 Þet zed o mostard is wel smal..hit is wel strang and wel bitinde. 1552Huloet, Bytynge..as gynger or Peper. 1579E. K. in Spenser's Sheph. Cal. Feb. 231 The byting frost nipt his stalke dead. 1802Southey Thalaba x. vi, Louder grows the biting wind. 1843Dickens Christmas Carol i. 12 It was cold, bleak, biting weather.
b. In names of plants: Acrid, hot, pungent.
1597Gerard Herbal ii. cccxxvii. 890 White Clematis or Biting Periwinkle. 1861Miss Pratt Flower. Pl. II. 324 The Biting Stonecrop.
3. That wounds the mind or feelings; stinging, caustic; bitter, painful.
c1374Chaucer Boeth. iii. vii. 79 Of whiche children how bitynge is euery condicioun. c1400Apol. Loll. 105 Þei are..glosandist flaterars & bitandist bacbitars. 1598Shakes. Merry W. v. v. 178 To repay that money will be a biting affliction. 1611Rich Honest. Age (1844) 29 They will say wee are too bitter, too byting, too satiricall. 1711Swift Lett. (1767) III. 187, I writ him lately a biting letter. 1749Fielding Tom Jones i. xiii, So biting a calamity. 1868Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) II. vii. 129 Full of the insolent and biting wit of their nation. 1872Black Adv. Phaeton xii. 171 Casting about for some biting epigram. |