| 释义 |
▪ I. halo, n.|ˈheɪləʊ|
Also 6 halon, 7–8 in L. form halos. Pl. haloes, halos (also 9 halones).
[= F. halo, It. alone, Sp. halon, ad. L. halōs, a. Gr. ἅλως threshing floor, disk of the sun, moon, or a shield. The Romanic forms imply a L. type *halo, -ōnem, which is also used in mod.L.]
1. a. A circle of light, either white or prismatically coloured, seen round a luminous body and caused by the refraction of light through vapour; spec. that seen round the sun or moon, commonly of 22 or 46 degrees radius, with the red extremity of the spectrum inside the circle.
The definite size of halos and the arrangement of their prismatic colours distinguish them from coronæ, which are phenomena of diffraction, varying in size and having the red outside: see corona 1, quot. 1849. But the two words are often treated as synonymous.
1563W. Fulke Meteors iii. (1640) 34 The Circle caled Halon is a garland of divers colours that is seen about the Sunne, the Moone, or any other Starre. Ibid. 36 Halon is seen about Candles, in smoky places, as are baths and kitchins. 1603Holland Plutarch's Mor. 1202 Rainbowes, haloes or garlands about the Sunne, Moone, etc. 1635Swan Spec. M. v. §2. (1643) 128 This appearance is commonly called Halo; and the matter..of it is a cloud. 1762Falconer Shipwr. i. 190 A mighty halo round the lucid sphere, Cross'd and divided, did on high appear. 1813T. Forster Atmosph. Phænom. (1815) 100 A double halo is not a very common occurrence..simple halones are generally about 45° in diameter.. Triple halones are extremely rare occurrences. 1860Cornh. Mag. II. 568 The halos..In summer..announce rain; in winter, thaw.
b. Applied to other circular luminous appearances; hence, by extension, to other things in the form of a circle or ring.
1813Shelley Q. Mab i. 102 That [light] which, bursting from the Fairy's form, Spread a purpureal halo round the scene. 1844A. Welby Poems (1867) 33 The sunlight round thy mossy cell A golden halo weaves. a1881Rossetti House of Life ii, When Death's nuptial change Leaves us for light the halo of his hair.
c. A coloured circle, such as those around the nipples, and those which surround vesicles or pustules; = areola 3.
1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Halo, or Halos..also a reddish Spot or Circle of Flesh which encompasses each Nipple in the Breasts of Women. 1807–26S. Cooper First Lines Surg. (ed. 5) 352 An ulcer of the cornea..its margin is surrounded by a slight halo of lymph. 1822–34Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) IV. 479 Eruption of minute, acuminated vesicles..occasionally surrounded by a blushing halo.
d. pl. The rings of lighter and darker colour, usually concentric, in the yolk of an egg, the result of its deposition in successive layers.
1886in Syd. Soc. Lex.
e. A style in women's hats (worn at the back of the head with the brim thus framing the face). Also attrib. and Comb., as halo-brim(med), hat, style, etc.
1899Daily News 22 Apr. 8/4 Some of the new models [sc. hats] are intended to be put on in the halo style. 1903Daily Chron. 24 Oct. 8/4 The hat makes a halo in front. 1934Times 22 June 17/4 A brown halo hat. 1935Times 17 June 11/3 Felt halos are made with a velvet cap in front, and cost 3½ guineas. Ibid. 2 Oct. 17/4 A pale blue halo-brimmed hat. 1952E. Grierson Reputation for Song xxvii. 244 Laura..wore a little black halo-hat to frame her pallid face.
f. A more or less circular bright or dark area formed in various photographic processes (see quots.).
1941Amer. Speech XVI. 316/2 Halo, the effect obtained in portraiture when a strong back-light is used. 1961G. Millerson Technique Telev. Production iii. 49 Haloes (throw-off). A black aureole surrounding an over-bright high-contrast area, and obliterating the nearby picture. 1967Karch & Buber Offset Processes 541 Halo, a luminous circle or aura around the halftone dot.
2. The circle or disk of light with which the head is surrounded in representations of Christ and the Saints; a nimbus.
1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. v. viii. 247 Our Saviour, and the Virgin Mary..are commonly drawne with scintillations, or radiant Halo's about their head. 1866Max Müller Chips (1880) III. vii. 186 Few saints, if any, did deserve their halo better than St. Louis.
3. fig. The ideal glory with which a person or thing is invested when viewed under the influence of feeling or sentiment.
1813Byron Giaour iii, Expression's last receding ray, A gilded halo hovering round decay! 1824W. Irving T. Trav. I. 207 Encircled by a halo of literary glory. 1857Buckle Civiliz. I. xii. 690 That halo which time had thrown round the oldest monarchy in Europe. 1867Freeman Norm. Conq. I. v. 390 Hagiographers have of course surrounded him with a halo of sanctity and miracle.
4. attrib. and Comb., as halo-zone; halo-bright, halo-girt, halo-like adjs. halo blight, spot, either of two bacterial diseases caused by species of Pseudomonas, P. coronafaciens affecting oats, and P. phaseolicola affecting beans of the genus Phaseolus; characterized by brown spots surrounded by yellowish-green rings on leaves; halo effect Psychol., the favourable bias in interviews, intelligence tests, and the like generated by an atmosphere of approbation; also transf.
1920C. Elliott in Jrnl. Agric. Res. XIX. 139 This ‘halo-blight’ is a disease which occurs to at least some extent each year throughout the oat-growing sections of the central and eastern States. 1930W. H. Burkholder in Mem. Cornell Univ. Agric. Exper. Station No. 127 37 The most striking symptom [of Phytomonas medicaginis phaseolicola] arises from a local infection, and is the spot to which Miss Hedges has applied the term halo blight. 1954A. G. L. Hellyer Encycl. Garden Work & Terms 115 Halo blight, a disease of beans also sometimes known as halo spot. 1955Sci. Amer. June 83 Bacterial blight of beans..embraces a group of diseases: common blight, fuscous blight and halo blight, each caused by a different bacterium. 1971M. Noble in J. H. Western Dis. Crop Plants iii. 33 In New South Wales an inspection scheme for bean (Phaseolus) seed has been in operation..for control of halo blight. 1971J. Colhoun in Ibid. x. 211 Halo blight of oats..is not regarded as constituting an economic problem in the British Isles.
[1926E. H. Magson in Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. Mon. Suppl. 9 89 It must be pointed out that it is quite unnecessary to employ a new technical term such as ‘halo’ or ‘aura’ to cover these cases.] 1938Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. Jan. 285 Such general impressions, often called ‘halo effects’, have already been noted to affect the diagnosis of personal qualities. 1940R. S. Woodworth Psychol. (ed. 12) v. 143 Another error [in rating intelligence tests] is known as the ‘halo effect’. If an individual creates a favourable impression by his excellence in one trait, you are apt to rate him near the top in every trait. 1967Guardian 20 Dec. 1/6 Mrs. Castle..agreed that the new Act had a ‘halo’ effect in that it made drivers more careful.
1833Browning Pauline 320 Halo-girt with fancies of my own.
1845Hirst Poems 132 A glory dances Halo-like around her.
1928Jrnl. Agric. Res. 1 Mar. 428 Halo spot is known to occur in Georgia, Florida, and Connecticut.
1871B. Taylor Faust (1875) II. i. ii. 10 The highest virtue like a halo-zone Circles the emperor's head.
▪ II. ˈhalo, v.
[f. prec. n.]
trans. To surround, encompass, or invest with a halo. lit. and fig. Also with round. Hence ˈhaloing vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1801Southey Thalaba ix. xxvii, The fire That haloed round his saintly brow. 1832J. Wilson in Blackw. Mag. XXXI. 176 The burning light with which Minerva haloed his head. 188.R. G. H[ill] Voices in Solit. 14 The Spring..with a haloing rainbow crowns her head. 1887T. Hardy Woodlanders I. xiii. 244 The two lamps of a carriage, haloed by the fog. 1967Gloss. Paper/Ink Terms for Letterpress Printing (B.S.I.) 9 Haloing, the appearance of vehicle from the ink round half-tone dots or characters. |