| 释义 |
habituation|həbɪtjuːˈeɪʃən|
[ad. med.L. habituātiōn-em, n. of action f. habituāre: see above. Cf. obs. F. habituation.]
1. The action of rendering or becoming habitual; formation of habit. Esp. the formation of such habits as dependence on drugs.
c1449Pecock Repr. iii. xix. 415 Habituacioun and custom. 1673O. Walker Educ. 90 The inclinations and dispositions, which by our own industry and habituations are turned now into natural. 1929Jrnl. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. XXXVI. 466 ‘Habituation’ we interpret to mean a condition wherein one becomes accustomed to but not seriously dependent upon a drug. 1960Times 21 Jan. 6/7 The two drugs specifically mentioned in this context are carbromal and bromvaletone. The committee state that cases of habituation arising from the widespread use of these by the public, largely without medical guidance, have been ‘numerically very few, but individually serious’. 1962Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 14 July 93/1 The inherent difficulty in establishing a uniform cut-off point where ‘habituation’ becomes ‘addiction’. 1973G. G. Nahas Marihuana v. 188 In Egypt 65% of the consumers of hashish declared they were unable to stop although they expressed a wish to discontinue their habituation.
2. The action of habituating or accustoming, or the condition of being habituated (to something); esp. in Psychol., the diminishing of response to a frequently repeated stimulus.
1816Keatinge Trav. (1817) II. 12 Such is the effect of habituation, that..if passing a river, he hardly puts down his head in effort to drink. 1890Spectator 4 Oct., Power to endure is most usually the result of habituation to work. 1895Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. VII. 82 Gewöhnung, habituation. 1934H. C. Warren Dict. Psychol. 120/1 Habituation, the process of becoming adapted to a given stimulus, situation, or general environment. [A pop. and rather loose term.] 1967S. Arieti Intrapsychic Self iii. 47 Loss of awareness in the phenomenon of habituation is a parsimonious device used constantly by the nervous system. 1973S. Rose Conscious Brain ix. 194 The habituation process is..both a behavioral and a physiological phenomenon. |