| 释义 |
▪ I. gyro|ˈdʒaɪərəʊ|
Colloq. abbreviation of (a) gyroscope, (b) gyro-compass (see below).
1910tr. Anschütz Gyro Compass 16 The ordinary mariner's compass merely points to a certain spot known as the magnetic pole, from the direction of which the true North can be deduced. The Gyro, however, avoids this operation by indicating the true North direct. 1914H. Crabtree Spinning Tops & Gyroscopic Motion (ed. 2) 77 If the position of the ends N and S of the gyro [gyro⁓compass] are reversed. 1922Encycl. Brit. XXX. 733/2 In this model [of the gyro compass] three gyros are used in place of the single one of the earlier model. 1964Mrs. L. B. Johnson White House Diary 24 Mar. (1970) 99 A gyro in a suitcase—that's the machine that keeps the rocket on its proper course. 1966Electronics 17 Oct. 38/3 In a strapdown system..the gyroscope bearings are connected to the vehicle without gimbals and the gyros roll with the vehicle.
b. Comb., gyro-bus, -cab, names given in Science Fiction writing to gyroscopically controlled aircraft; gyro-car, (a) a mono-rail car or carriage which is balanced by means of gyroscopes driven at high speed in opposite directions; (b) a two-wheeled motor-car whose balance and steering are controlled by gyroscopes; gyro-compass, a form of gyroscope used as a compass, being continuously driven and specially mounted so that its axis remains parallel to that of the earth; gyro-horizon = artificial horizon; gyro-pilot, a gyro-compass used to steer a vessel or an aircraft without human agency; gyro-sight, a gun-sight fitted with a gyroscope; gyro-stabilizer, a gyroscopic device for maintaining the equilibrium of a vessel; hence gyro-stabilized a. (also of a compass).
1936‘J. Beynon’ Planet Plane v. 40 Machines of every kind from the dainty flipabout to the massive gyrobus..started to float in from each quarter.
1956‘W. Tenn’ Time in Advance (1963) 62 They climbed quickly into one of the many hovering gyrocabs.
1909Westm. Gaz. 8 Nov. 8/3 The gyro-car, as Herr Scherl calls it, is to make a series of runs..in the Exhibition Hall at the Zoological Gardens. 1909Daily Chron. 11 Nov. 1/6 We waited for the gyro-car to emerge from its shed. 1961Ford Bulletin 14 Apr. 2/5 The Gyron is not the first two-wheeled gyro car. 1970B. Wallis in Daily Tel. (Colour Suppl.) 16 Oct. 46/2, I am convinced that the car of the future will be a gyroscopically-controlled two-wheeler, with one wheel in the front, the other behind... When my gyrocar cornered it would, irrespective of speed, heel over at the correct angle.
1910tr. Anschütz Gyro Compass 10 An accurate means of determining direction by some ‘nonmagnetic’ appliance is of great importance; this is..appreciated by many of the large navies, who are installing the Gyro Compass in their submarines. 1911Chambers's Jrnl. 27 May 414/2 The magnetic compass is easily deranged... Its rival is the gyro-compass. 1913J. H. Poynting Earth 98 That very remarkable invention by the brothers Anschütz, termed the Gyro Compass. 1931Times Lit. Suppl. 22 Jan. 51/3 A speck of dust might cause a gyro compass to ‘wander’. 1966McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. VI. 305/2 Modern gyrocompasses..are now used as the prime navigational instrument on nearly every ship.
1939War Illustr. 29 Dec. 539/2 At ten thousand feet, our gyro-horizon froze. 1942Gyro horizon [see gyroscope].
1923Westm. Gaz. 24 Dec., Through the agency of an invention known as the gyro-pilot apparatus, the Cunard liner Laconia, which reached Liverpool yesterday, steered from New York a straight course without human aid. 1924Glasgow Herald 8 Jan. 7 Gyro-Pilot for Cargo Boats. 1936Jrnl. R. Aeronaut. Soc. XL. 555 Air sickness is practically non-existent on..air lines, which use scientific comfort conditioning and which also use gyropilots.
1941F. H. Joseph Lett. from Brit. (1942) 55 Boulton-Paul [gun turret] with Gyro-Sight. Improved reflector sight with a rate gyro. 1946Gyro-stabilised [see gyromagnetic a. 2]. 1959F. D. Adams Aeronaut. Dict. 87/2 Gyro-stabilized, stabilized by a gyro⁓scope, as in gyro-stabilized compass, gyro-stabilized drift meter.
1963New Yorker 1 June 125 (Advt.), You'll stand at the rail, watch the infinite sea—so smooth to your gyro-stabilized ship.
1921Sci. Amer. 18 June 482/3 The gyro-stablizer damps out the rolling of a vessel. 1946Nature 24 Aug. 250/1 The marine applications fall into three groups, the gyro compass, the gyro pilot and the gyro stabilizer. 1957Encycl. Brit. XI. 51/1 By dealing with each wave increment individually and by exerting a small counteracting force against it at just the right moment, the gyrostabilizer quenches the force of each wave and never allows the vessel to build up a roll averaging more than three or four degrees.
Add:[b.] gyro-theodolite, a type of theodolite incorporating a gyroscope as an aid to orientation.
1950Colliery Engin. Nov. 453/1 The *gyro-theodolite or meridian transferer consists of a gyroscope seated in a sphere which is soldered up and floats in a fluid. 1961Engin. & Mining Jrnl. July 81/1 Since 1947, the Mine-Surveying Institute, Mining-University, Clausthal, West Germany, has been busy developing sub-surface orientation instruments, and, during the three years from '56 to '59 experimented with, and perfected, the gyrotheodolite. 1981J. B. Adams in J. H. Mulvey Nature of Matter vii. 152 The gyrotheodolite took its bearing from the earth's rotational axis and was used to set the direction of the laser beams.
▪ II. gyro, n.2 U.S.
(ˈjɪərəʊ, ˈdʒɪərəʊ, ˈdʒaɪ-, ‖ jiro)
[ad. mod.Gr. γῦρο-ς, lit. ‘turning’ (cf. gyro-), from the meat's being cooked on a spit.]
A sandwich made with pitta bread and containing slices of cooked spiced meat (usu. lamb or beef), tomatoes, onions, etc. Cf. doner kebab n.
1971N.Y. Times 4 Sept. 23/1 More than 30 Greek snack stores selling the gyro have opened in Manhattan in the last year. 1978New Yorker 23 Oct. 101/1 Soyer circled the area, took his time, and settled for a Greek gyro—mounds of thinly sliced, garlicky pressed beef and lamb on pita bread. 1986St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Dispatch 28 May 2d/1 Instead of going to your neighborhood gyro parlour, now you can assemble your own..ready-to-eat gyro kits, which come with sliced meat, pita bread and cucumber sauce. |