| 释义 |
▪ I. gybe, n.1 Thieves' slang. ? Obs.
[Of unknown origin.]
(See quot. 1673.)
1561J. Awdelay Frat. Vacab. 5 He useth to make counter⁓faite licences which they call Gybes. 1673R. Head Canting Acad. 78 They have alwaies a Counterfeit Pass or License which they call a Gybe. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. xxv, He knows my gybe as well as the jark of e'er a queer cuffin in England—and there's rogue's Latin for you.
▪ II. gybe, n.2 Naut.|dʒaɪb|
[f. next vb.; cf. Du. gijp (in 17th c. gijb), of the same meaning; also ‘a boom’.]
An act of gybing.
1880Boy's Own Bk. 314 Jibe, the act of bringing over the sail from one side of the vessel to the other. 1884Sat. Rev. 31 May 714/2 She beguiled the tedium of the run by gybing all standing..her main-boom went outside the strop on the second or third gybe.
▪ III. gybe, v. Naut.|dʒaɪb|
Forms: 7 gibe, 8–9 jibe, 7– gybe. See also jib v.
[app. a. Du. gijben (now gijpen); but the initial (dʒ) is unexplained. Cf. G. gieben, giepen (from Du. or LG.), Da. gibbe, Sw. gippa, gipa.]
1. a. intr. Of a fore-and-aft sail or its boom: To swing from one side of the vessel to the other.
1693Minutes Prov. Counc. Pennsylv. I. (1852) 377 Ned Burch..brought the saill to gybe. 1699Dickenson Jrnl. Trav. 2 Our Master being on the Quarter-Deck, our Boom⁓gibing knocked him down. [1719Gib: see jib v.] 1873G. C. Davies Mount. & Mere xvi. 133 When the sails gybed one could hear the deep, thunderlike flaps of the brown canvas. 1885‘Naseby’ Oaks & Birches I. 188 The mainsail had no boom, therefore it was more likely to jibe.
b. trans. To cause (a fore-and-aft sail) to swing from one side of the vessel to the other.
[1776,1834, etc.: see jib v.] 1899Daily News 4 Oct. 3/2 Columbia..gybed her mainsail to port.
2. intr. To alter the course of a boat when the wind is aft so that her boom-sails gybe. Said also of the boat itself; also to gybe over. Also trans. with the boat as object; also, to sail round (any object) by gybing.
1693Minutes Prov. Counc. Pennsylv. I. (1852) 376 They gybed, and the boom knock't the sd. Mr. overboard. 1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1780), Changer les voiles, to shift the sails; to brace about; to jibe. 1856Olmsted Slave States 143 Belaying jib-sheet, he came aft, and put helm up to wear round. Just as he jibed, came another flaw from the southeast. 1868Daily News 27 Aug., The Oimara was striving well to over⁓take the leaders, preparatory to gybing round the Noman's Fort. 1881Times 3 Jan. 10/2 Mr. P. was looking out for a bird he had wounded, when the boat was gybed. Messrs. H. and P. lost their balance, and the boat capsized. 1889H. M. Doughty Friesland Meres 273 Having to gybe, the shock of the sail coming over..would have been considered dangerous. 1896Dundee Advertiser 11 July 8 The Vigilant held out to gybe the mark. 1897M. Kingsley W. Africa 383 Eveke..lets her gybe, and I get knocked into the bottom of the boat by the boom. 1899N.B. Daily Mail 9 Oct. 4 Shamrock took in her spinnaker and gybed over.
Hence ˈgybing vbl. n., the action of the verb.
1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1776), Gybing, the act of shifting any boom-sail from one side of the mast to the other. 1872Daily News 12 Aug., A seaman, told to ‘stand by’ the preventive back stay in readiness for gybing, had let it go. 1963Times 31 May 5/1 Inexorably, Shadow sailed past to leeward, where there was still some wind and, though Wildfire did at last get moving again, Shadow was ahead at the gybing mark.
▪ IV. gybe
var. jibe v.
1959Economist 14 Feb. 612/1 A..fall in export deliveries..which gybes a little oddly with official trade figures. |