| 释义 |
▪ I. underˈlying, vbl. n. Mining.
[f. underlie v. 5.]
Declination from the perpendicular.
1778W. Pryce Min. Cornub. 80 This underlying varies much in different Lodes.
▪ II. underˈlying, ppl. a.
[under-1 4 a, or f. underlie v.]
1. Lying under or beneath.
1611Cotgr., Subiacent, subiacent, vnder-lying. 1615G. Sandys Trav. 289 This appeared more warlike, to behold from aboue the vnderlying country. 1616W. Browne Brit. Past. ii. ii. 42 Thence they beheld an vnderlying Vale. 1850Tennyson In Mem. ii, The stones That name the under-lying dead. 1865Lubbock Preh. Times 303 In the pits at Amiens this bed is generally distinct from the under⁓lying gravels. 1884Leisure Hour June 345/2 They were stripping the tough hide and underlying blubber.
fig.1852Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xxxvi, A deep underlying spirit of cautiousness. 1882Farrar Early Chr. I. 321 The identity of phraseology does but serve to bring into prominence the underlying differences.
2. Linguistics. Applied to a significant feature of a linguistic unit or structure which needs to be represented in its derivational or syntactic analysis, but which may not be apparent from the standard written or spoken form. Cf. deep structure s.v. deep a. IV. c.
1933L. Bloomfield Language xiii. 210 By a feature of modulation common to nearly all constructions of English morphology, the underlying form keeps its stress, and the bound form is unstressed. 1958C. F. Hockett Course in Mod. Linguistics xxviii. 241 If the underlying form in a secondary derivative is not a single morpheme, its structure is also covered by the classification. Thus the underlying form of actress- is the secondary derivative actor-. 1970J. Lyons Chomsky 67 This system of phrase structure rules will generate a large (but finite) number of what we may call underlying strings. 1978Language LIV. 387 Actually, rather than ‘deep structure’ we should think in terms of the ‘underlying structure’ of Generative Semantics, a highly abstract and universal level that is much more closely akin to the Freudian unconscious than is the ‘deep structure’ of classical transformational grammar.
Hence underˈlyingly adv.
1973A. H. Sommerstein Sound Pattern Anc. Greek i. 2 There is underlyingly a system of five short..and five corresponding long vowels. 1982J. C. Wells Accents of English i. 76 It is possible to argue..that an occurrence of the phoneme /r/ is present underlyingly in the critical environments, but that it is obligatorily vocalized or deleted by rule so that it is not present phonetically. |