| 释义 |
▪ I. surf, n.|sɜːf|
Also 8 surff.
[Continues suff n. in chronology and meaning, but the relation between the forms is not clear. (Not in general Dicts. before Todd, 1818.)
Both suff and surf are used particularly in reference to the coast of India, a circumstance which makes a native origin for the words probable.]
1. a. The swell of the sea which breaks upon a shore, esp. a shallow shore. (In recent use usually with implication of sense 2.)
1685W. Hedges Diary (Hakl. Soc.) I. 182 [At Fort St. George, Madras] This unhappy accident, together with y⊇ greatness of y⊇ Sea and Surf ashore, caused us to come aboard again. 1719De Foe Crusoe i. (Globe) 50 My Raft was now strong enough to bear any reasonable Weight; my next Care was..how to preserve what I laid upon it from the Surf of the Sea. 1745P. Thomas Jrnl. Anson's Voy. 35 The Landing is bad by reason of pretty much Surf, and great Stones like Rocks. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1862) I. xvii. 97 This rising of the waves against the shore, is called by mariners the surf of the sea. 1783W. Marsden Hist. Sumatra (1811) 34 The surf..is used in India, and by navigators in general, to express a peculiar swell and breaking of the sea upon the shore. 1836W. Irving Astoria II. 100 Low bellowings..like the hoarse murmurs of the surf on a distant shore. 1840E. E. Napier Scenes & Sports For. Lands I. p. xii, The progress of the neophyte..in that far land, from the moment when having crossed the ‘surf’. [Note. An expression equivalent to entering or leaving India, as a person is never supposed to venture across this tremendous barrier of the Coromandel coast, unless on such momentous occasions.] 1886Ruskin Præterita I. 379 Half-a-mile of dangerous surf between the ship and the shore. 1906M. Pemberton My Sword for Lafayette xxiv, The distant thunder of the sea surf upon an angry shore.
b. with a. Also transf. (in first quot.).
1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 14 A notable Fish..It might be in length forty Feet.. bolting out of the Water with a great Surf. 1748Anson's Voy. ii. ii. 134 The wind..occasioned such a surf, that it was impossible for the boat to land. 1763Thompson Temple of Venus i. 14 A dull promiscuous sound a-far..like..southern surffs upon an iron shore. 1803W. Wittman Trav. Turkey 3 A military artificer was unfortunately washed off the vessel by a surf. 1840Macaulay Ess., Clive ⁋8 Fort St. George had arisen on a barren spot beaten by a raging surf. 1879A. R. Wallace's Australasia xvi. 303 The southern coast..is exposed to a heavy and dangerous surf, which rolls in upon the shore at all seasons.
2. a. The mass or line of white foamy water caused by the sea breaking upon a shore or a rock.
1757tr. Keysler's Trav. IV. 141 note, Salt..was not produced here as in other countries by a desiccation of the surf of the sea [tr. Tacitus Ann. xiii. lvii. non ut alias apud gentis eluvie maris arescente unda]. 1784Cowper Task vi. 155 Light as the foamy surf That the wind severs from the broken wave. 1833Tennyson Dream Fair Women viii, White surf wind-scatter'd over sails and masts. 1882‘Ouida’ Maremma I. 78 She played with the sails, with the surf, and with the crystals of the salt.
b. transf. and fig.
1847Longfellow Ev. ii. iii. 24 Just where the woodlands met the flowery surf of the prairie. 1873Lowell Above & Below ii. i, To behold The first long surf of climbing light Flood all the thirsty east with gold.
3. attrib. and Comb.: Simple attrib., ‘of or pertaining to surf’, as surf barrier, surf-beach, surf-beat, surf-billow, surf line, surf-rock, surf-sound, surf-thunder; locative, as surf-bathe vb., surf-bather, surf-bathing, surf-fish vb., surf-fisherman, surf-fishing, surf lifesaver, surf lifesaving, surf-rider, surf-riding, surf-swimmer, surf-swimming; surf-sunk adj.; instrumental, as surf-battered, surf-beaten, surf-bound, surf-showered, surf-tormented, surf-vexed, surf-washed, surf-wasted, surf-worn adjs.; similative, as surf-white adj.; also surf-bird, a small, plover-like bird, Aphriza virgata, found on the Pacific coast of America; surfboard, a long narrow board on which one rides over a heavy surf to shore; hence as v. intr., to ride on a surfboard (also fig.); surfboarder, surfboarding vbl. n.; surf-boat, a boat specially constructed for passing through surf; hence surf-boatman = surfman; surf-bum slang, a surfing enthusiast who frequents beaches suitable for surf-riding; cf. ski bum s.v. ski n. 2 b; surf-casting vbl. n., fishing by casting a line into the sea from the shore; so (as a back-formation) surf-cast v. intr., surf-caster; surf-clam, a large clam, esp. Mactra (or Spisula) solidissima, found on the Atlantic coast of the United States (Funk's Standard Dict. 1895); surf-coot = surf-duck; surf day, a day marked by rough surf along the shore (see quot. 1854); surf-duck, a North American species of sea-duck of the genus Œdemia, esp. O. perspicillata, found sometimes in Great Britain; surf-fish, any one of the numerous species of the family Embiotocidæ, abundant on the coast of California; surf-grass, any of several species of marine grass of the genus Phyllospadix (family Zosteraceæ), having thickened rootstocks and slender stems and growing underwater on rocky shores in temperate regions; surf-man U.S., a member of the crew of a surf-boat; hence surfmanship; surf music, a variety of rock music which celebrates the sport of surf-riding; surf-perch = surf-fish; surf-ride v. intr. [back-formation from surf-riding above] = surfboard vb. above; also fig. and as v. trans. and n.; surf safari = surfari; surf-scoter = surf-duck; surf-shiner, a small California fish, Cymatogaster aggregatus (Webster 1911); surf-smelt, a species of smelt, Hypomesus olidus, found on the Pacific coast of the United States; surf-whiting, the silver whiting, Menticirrus littoralis.
1940V. Brittain Testament of Friendship xii. 192 You'll look at the Rhodes Memorial and the Union Buildings..; you'll..*surf-bathe at Durban.., and then you'll begin to think you know everything.
1893K. A. Sanborn S. California 163 *Surf bathers go in every month of the year.
1884Encycl. Brit. XVII. 461/1 Conveniences for *surf-bathing.
1902Temple Bar May 579 Like *surf-battered swimmers.
1932N. Palmer Talking it Over 137 *Surf-beaches of any size are rare in the world. 1966Weekly News (N.Z.) 19 Jan. 11/1 Mt. Maunganui is probably one of New Zealand's best⁓known surf beaches. 1977Herald (Melbourne) 17 Jan. 14/4 Within 16 km of Wollongong are 17 superb surf beaches.
1873‘Mark Twain’ Gilded Age lx. 543 A receding of tides, a quieting of the storm-wash to a murmurous *surf-beat. 1974Encycl. Brit. Micropædia IX. 689/2 Surf beat, ocean waves of uncertain origin, with the relatively long periods of 1 to 5 minutes. These low-frequency waves appear to be related to the interaction of normal wind waves and swell. Surf beat is believed responsible for the generation of seiches in bays.
1801Campbell Lochiel's Warning 82 Like ocean-weeds heaped on the *surf-beaten shore.
1890‘R. Boldrewood’ Col. Reformer (1891) 154 The deep-toned ceaseless roll of the *surf-billows.
1872Coues N. Amer. Birds 245 Aphriza, *Surf Bird.
c1826Richards in Gosse Ocean vi. (1849) 285 Those who were standing on the beach saw the *surf-board..floating on the water. 1931T. E. Lawrence Let. 14 July (1938) 729 Here is a final report..on the little surf-board target. 1934Webster, Surfboard, v.i., to ride the surf on a surfboard.—surfboarding, n. 1938E. Hemingway Fifth Column (1939) iii. iv. 103 Or what about Malindi where you can surfboard on the beach. 1962Coast to Coast 1961–62 63 He wished he could stand up and walk away from Pammie and go out with the surf⁓board riders. 1962M. McLuhan Gutenberg Galaxy 248 (heading) Heidegger surf-boards along on the electronic wave as triumphantly as Descartes rode the mechanical wave.
1953Pop. Mechanics July 157 Hitching a ride on a beach-bound ocean wave with a featherlight surf⁓board is rated tops in water sports by practiced *surf⁓boarders. 1969Britannica Bk. of Year 1968 801/1 Surfari, a group of surfboarders who travel together in search of good surfing areas.
1964Sunday Mail Mag. (Brisbane) 17 May 1 *Surfboarding was virtually forgotten until the late 1930's.
1856Dickens Wreck Golden Mary (1898) 22, I gave..the word to lower the Long-boat and the *Surf-boat. 1883J. D. Campbell Fisheries China 5 (Fish. Exhib. Publ.) The catamarans or surf-boats of South Formosa. 1886Encycl. Brit. XXI. 804/2 The Madras surf boats.
1880Scribner's Mag. Jan. 323 It is an erroneous notion that the experience of the sailor qualifies him for a *surf-boatman.
188419th Cent. Feb. 239 The noisy tumult of a *surf-bound shore.
1958*Surf-bum [see petite a. 2]. 1971Surf-bum [see pipe-line n. c].
1975Country Life 16 Jan. 131/2 *Surf-cast for corvina..on a California beach and you will probably have to show your California fishing licence.
1968‘S. Jay’ Sleepers can Kill xxiv. 248 When you've walked through to the beach, you'll see a *surfcaster, fishing by himself.
1928N.Y. Times 8 Oct. 21/4 Charles Vollum of Philadelphia became *surf casting champion of the United States today at the annual tournament of the Dover Fishing Club of Philadelphia. 1963Weekly News (Auckland, N.Z.) 8 May 56/6 Pukehina surfcasting beach. Near Te Puke, Bay of Plenty, one of the best surfcasting beaches in New Zealand. 1979Angling July 45/3 As a contemporary guide to the basics of general shorefishing it gives excellent surfcasting instruction.
1884Bull. U.S. Nat. Museum No. 27. 260 Hen Clam, *Surf Clam, or Sea Clam. Florida and Gulf of Mexico to Labrador. 1949[see skimmer n. 1 c]. 1978Times 29 July 3/6 More than two weeks after the wreck..we saw millions of dead molluscs, urchins, razor and surf clams.
1885Seebohm Brit. Birds III. 610 To the hunters on Long Island it [the Surf-scoter] is known as the ‘Spectacled Coot’ and ‘*Surf-Coot’.
1854G. W. Peck Melbourne & Chincha Islands 187 Often when the mornings are still, and the surface of the sea undisturbed by a ripple, the surf will be rolling tremendously on the narrow beaches... These are called ‘*surf⁓days’, and special allowance is made for them in the charter parties of vessels loading at the islands. 1950J. S. Learmont Master in Sail 60 Surf days did not count as working days. These surf days are peculiar to the northern part of the coast of Chile.
1808–13A. Wilson & Bonaparte Amer. Ornith. (1832) III. 70 Black, or *Surf Duck, Anas perspicillata... This duck is peculiar to America, and..confined to the shores and bays of the sea.
1882Jordan & Gilbert Fishes N. Amer. 585 Embiotocidæ. The *Surf-fishes... Fishes of the Pacific coast of North America, inhabiting bays and the surf on sandy beaches. 1940O. H. P. Rodman Handbk. Salt-Water Fishing iii. 99 We will make a definite statement in regard to wetting down your cutty hunk line before you really start surf fishing. 1979‘A. Blaisdell’ No Villain need Be vii. 120 They like to surf-fish, and they claim rain.. drives 'em in toward the beach.
1920Heilner & Stick Call of Surf i. 5 Those great and goodly fish which so frequently take into their capacious jaws the bait of the *surf fisherman. 1967O. E. Middleton in Coast to Coast 1965–66 123 The surf-fishermen leaned out over the shallows.
1920Heilner & Stick Call of Surf i. 4 *Surf fishing is by no means a new development of the angler's art..but only of late years has it begun to achieve real popularity. 1949S. K. Farrington Fishing the Atlantic iv. 82 Surf fishing at Narragansett should be a revelation.
1923L. Abrams Illustr. Flora Pacific States I. 94 Phyllospadix torreyi S. Wats. Torrey's *Surf-grass. 1981Sci. Amer. Mar. 92/1 The sea grasses number 12 genera and..about 50 species... Eelgrass and surfgrass are familiar examples in temperate regions.
1977N.Z. Herald 8 Jan. 1–6/4, I have been talking to the wife of a *surf lifesaver, and she spoke of the apparent indifference people show on being saved from drowning.
1968W. Warwick Surfriding in N.Z. 1 It is difficult to imagine how closely it was once associated with the *surf lifesaving movement.
1887O. J. Humphrey Wreck of Rainier 33 When the *surf line was hauled tight the boat would run on the line and be kept head to the sea. 1923H. Belloc Sonnets & Verse i. 28 Above the surf-line, into the night-breeze; Eastward above the ever-whispering trees. 1965P. L. Dixon Compl. Bk. Surfing 142 If the dory broaches in the surf line and turns over, bail out and get clear of oars and falling boat.
1880Scribner's Mag. Jan. 322/2 The keeper [of the surf-boat] commands the crew of six *surfmen.
Ibid. 334 Until 1871..*surfmanship was not a standard of qualification.
1965N.Z. Listener 17 Dec. 4/1 The million-dollar industry of *surf music, surf movies and surf-wear. 1977Sounds 9 July 28/2 The Turtles started out playing surf music at High School hops in LA.
1889Amer. Naturalist Oct. 923 Micrometrus aggregatus, one of the viviparous *surf-perches.
1953‘S. Rattray’ Bishop in Check 101 One-half per cent of them play tennis—or swim, or *surf-ride. 1958Listener 2 Oct. 494/1 This motorization wave is not something on which the rich alone can surf-ride. 1973Times 1 June (Australia Suppl.) p. i/3 The Whitlam Government has been in office just six months tomorrow. For the Prime Minister it has been ‘a surf ride so far’. 1976National Observer (U.S.) 19 June 1/3 Now, surf-riding his victory in the California Presidential primary last week, he's racing to a showdown with Gerald Ford.
1882Hawaiian Almanac 52 At one time they sent their champion *surf-rider to compete with chiefs in the sport at Hawaii. 1981L. Leamer Assignment iii. 43 They take this drug. They have learned this from these hippie surf-riders.
1882Hawaiian Almanac 52 Among the various sports and pastimes of the ancient Hawaiians..the principal one..is that of surf-bathing, or more properly speaking, *surf⁓riding. 1898Jean A. Owen Hawaii iii. 81 Surf-riding on boards is still much practised.
1800Coleridge Piccolom. i. xii, The *surf rocks of the Baltic.
1962Austral. Women's Weekly 24 Oct. (Suppl.) 3/4 *Surf safari, a trip around different beaches to find a good surf.
1835Jenyns Man. Brit. Vertebr. Anim. 240 O[idemia] perspicillata, Steph. (*Surf Scoter.)
1882Jordan & Gilbert Fishes N. Amer. 294 Hypomesus, Gill. *Surf Smelts... H[ypomesus] pretiosus... Surf Smelt... Pacific coast, from California northward; abundant, spawning in the surf.
1828Campbell Death-boat Heligoland 22 Now *surf-sunk for minutes, again they uptossed.
1845Gosse Ocean vi. (1849) 283 The cry of ‘A Shark!’ among the *surf swimmers will instantly set them in the utmost terror.
1858R. M. Ballantyne Coral Island xxv. 305 ‘What sort of amusement is this *surf swimming?’.. ‘Each man..has got a short board or plank, with which he swims a mile or more to Sea, and then, gettin' on the top o' yon thunderin' breaker, they come to shore on the top of it.’
1890‘R. Boldrewood’ Col. Reformer (1891) 150 The wind is..from the south, we shall have the *surf-thunder in perfection.
1829Poe Dream within a Dream ii, I stand amid the roar Of a *surf-tormented shore.
1852Mundy Antipodes (1857) 24 Green turfy knolls sloping abruptly to the *surf-vexed beach.
1861L. L. Noble Icebergs 180 The bleak, *surf-washed rocks.
1854H. Miller Sch. & Schm. xxiv. (1858) 532 The picturesque *surf-wasted stacks of the granitic wall of rock.
1897M. Kingsley W. Africa 391 The young women..with their soft dusky skins,..pretty brown eyes, and *surf-white teeth.
1882Jordan & Gilbert Fishes N. Amer. 933 M[enticirrus] littoralis... *Surf Whiting... South Atlantic and Gulf coast.
1878Geikie Geol. Sketches ii. (1882) 34 Weather-beaten or *surf-worn sheets of rock.
Add:[2.] c. An act of surf-riding or of swimming in the surf.
1934C. Mackness Young Beachcombers 46 Wish we had brought togs for a surf. 1937L. Mann Murder in Sydney xi. 133, I haven't been for a surf. We've only got a lousy little river. 1967D. Horne Educ. Young Donald 11 Then go for another stroll down to the beach, and another surf. 1971Studies in English (Univ. Cape Town) II. 27 If a surfer is going out..just for a short while, probably to a local surf spot, he says ‘I'm going to catch a surf.’ 1988Offshore June 45/1 He thought that he might go for an early surf, so the alarm was set for another ridiculous hour.
▪ II. surf, v.|sɜːf|
[f. the n.]
1. intr. To form surf. rare.
1831J. Wilson in Blackw. Mag. XXIX. 141 The breakers surfing on a lee-shore. 1832Ibid. XXXII. 131.
2. To go surf-riding; to surf-ride. Also transf. and fig.
1917Chambers's Jrnl. Apr. 280/2 The depth of the lagoon is trifling.., and this it is which makes surfing there so safe and enjoyable. 1932Ibid. Aug. 462/2, I had snaps, too, of the children, riding or surfing, and of the whole family in their ocean-going yacht. a1957R. Campbell Coll. Poems (1960) III. 83 Over its surge in red tornadoes rolling My heart goes surfing on the waves of fire. 1965N.Z. Listener 17 Dec. 4/5 Once a person is bitten by this surfing bug he seems to become insatiable. He surfs every day he can, the whole year round. 1970Motor Boat & Yachting 16 Oct. 29/1 La Russhe surfed handsomely down the backs of the heavy swell and buried herself into the short steep seas on the way. 1976M. Birmingham Heat of Sun iv. 51 Biriwa has..a comparatively safe beach..where you can surf when the tide is right.
3. trans.
a. To ride (a boat) on the surf.
b. To surf-ride at (a specified place).
1965P. L. Dixon Compl. Bk. Surfing 18 Dories, canoes, sailing catamarans, and a few special motorboats can be surfed by experts. Where waves break far from shore and spill gradually forward. 1967W. Murray Sweet Ride vi. 85 Ten years ago..no one surfed this place but him. 1968Surfer Mag. Jan. 56/1 Paulo surfed a beach break off the famous Rio Copacabana called Posto Six Pier.
Hence ˈsurfing vbl. n., surf-riding, surfboarding.
1955A. Ross Australia 55 xv. 214 The essential art of surfing is timing. 1959H. Hobson Mission House Murder xviii. 119 When they'd had enough surfing, they brought the boards back up the beach. 1963Wall St. Jrnl. 22 July 1 Surfin' music is characterized by a heavy echo guitar sound, supposed to simulate the roar of the surf. 1971‘D. Halliday’ Dolly & Doctor Bird i. 2 Skin diving, rum punches, calypso night-clubs, surfing, dancing, gambling.
Add:[2.] b. transf. To ride on the roof or outside of a moving vehicle (esp. a railway train), often as an act of daring. Also with qualifying noun. slang.
1985Time 8 Apr. 37 Cars move slowly past the crowd, and when the passengers get restless they van surf (dance on roofs). 1988Daily Tel. 1 Dec. 5/2 A verdict of misadventure was recorded yesterday on an 18-year-old student who fell to his death in July while ‘surfing’ on a 70mph Tube train. 1989Times 21 Dec. 6/1 Her son..had been surfing on a train roof when he struck an overhead footbridge.
[3.] c. transf. To ride on the roof or outside of (a railway train, etc.). See sense *2 b above. slang.
1988Wall St. Jrnl. 1 Nov. i. 1/4 Riding the tops of trains is a stunt popular among the poor youths of north Rio. Their counterparts in the wealthy south of the city surf the waves; they surf the trains. 1989Daily Tel. 14 Dec. 3/8 He and Justin regularly ‘surfed’ the trains. They jumped on after the doors closed, held on to the hand bars and then jumped off at the end of the platform. 1991Times 24 Jan. 13/2 Four boys have been killed in the past few months, crushed by the machinery of the lifts they were ‘surfing’ in high-rise housing estates in the Bronx and Brooklyn.
surfing vbl. n.: also transf.
1988Chicago Tribune 5 May i. 28/1 What has become known as ‘train surfing’ is killing 150 teenagers a year in Rio, and injuring 400 more.
▸ Computing. After surfer n.; influenced by channel surf v. a. trans. To visit successively (a series of Internet sites); to use (the Internet).
1992Re: Size Limits for Text Files? in alt.gopher (Usenet newsgroup) 25 Feb. There is a lot to be said for..surfing the internet with gopher from anywhere that you can find a phone jack. 1994Guardian 28 Oct. i. 22/4 It costs 20 times as much to ‘surf’ the world-wide Internet in Germany as it does in the US. 1997‘Q’ Deadmeat 379 You get a lot of kids surfing the Net. It's a pastime, getting more popular by the day. 2001Evening Chron. (Newcastle) (Electronic ed.) 9 Feb. Now your Chronicle has gone where no one has gone before and surfed cyberspace looking for the best and the worst of the websites on North East stars.
b. intr. To move from site to site on the Internet, esp. to browse or skim through web pages. Also (occas.): to go to a particular Internet site.
1993Omni Oct. 22/2 Jacked into the net and surfed and rippled into the infotime continuum. 1993Wired Dec. 127/1 If it's literary critique you crave, surf to ctheory, a new international review of books on theory, technology, and culture. Reviews are posted monthly. 1995.net Feb. 55/1 Men, in general, tend to surf on the Internet for the beauty of it, to explore its limitless possibilities and, above all, to enjoy the challenge of making it work. 2001Daily Rec. (Glasgow) (Electronic ed.) 10 Feb. I say it isn't possible to remove the trail of where you have surfed from your PC.
▪ III. surf
var. suff, sough n.2, sough v.2
1794Trans. Soc. Arts XII. 237 Length of the drains, three hundred and ten yards,..the whole surfed with stone. |