| 释义 |
rectify, v.|ˈrɛktɪfaɪ|
[ad. F. rectifier (14th c. in Littré), ad. late L. rectificāre (3rd c.), f. rectus right + -ficāre: see -fy.]
1. a. trans. To put or set right, to remedy (a bad or faulty condition or state of things).
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 51 Wiþ propre eir [v.r. cure] to rectifien þe corrupcioun of þilke lyme. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 136 b, Thus we may se yt payne is good, for by it god rectifyeth synne. 1615R. Brathwait Strappado (1878) 176 For rectifying such abuse as grow, By this foule vice. 1651Hobbes Leviath. ii. xxvii. 158 He ought by meditation of the Law, to rectifie the irregularity of his Passions. 1748Hartley Observ. Man ii. i. 17 It produces Consequences, which in the End rectify the original Disorder. 1829Faraday Exp. Res. xliii. 255 The bottom gave way..and endeavouring to rectify this..by means of sand [etc.]. 1845McCulloch Taxation ii. vi. (1852) 285 Though there still remain some anomalies to be rectified, this statute has effected some material improvements.
b. To put right, correct, amend, make good (a mistake, error, omission, etc.).
1659Heylin Examen Hist. i. 173, I must make a start to fol. 91 for rectifying a mistake of our Authors. 1699Bentley Phal. 250 He discovers his own Omissions, and presently rectifies them. 1718Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to Abbé Conti 19 May, An error of his guide, which his short stay hindered him from rectifying. 1837Dickens Pickw. vii, The slight omission was rectified. 1858Mill Liberty ii. (1865) 12/1 Man..is capable of rectifying his mistakes, by discussion and experience.
c. Photogrammetry. To correct errors of perspective in (an oblique aerial photograph, or a position derived from one) in order to obtain a plan view.
1919Geogr. Jrnl. LIII. 390 This method..is..not so satisfactory as our method of rectifying the print in a camera. 1928Ibid. LXXI. 591 The photographed positions of two control points are rectified. 1944P. G. McCurdy et al. Man. Photogrammetry x. 440 (heading) Control and computation to rectify the individual photographs. 1979Sci. Amer. Apr. 28/3 Essentially an orthophoto is an aerial photograph which has been rectified and on which contour lines, spot heights, and other information are superimposed.
2.
†a. To restore (a diseased or disordered organ) to a sound or healthy condition. Obs.
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 80 If þe lyuere eiþir þe splene ben I-greued,..þou muste rectifien hem. 1620Venner Via Recta ii. 25 It notably rectifieth the stomacke. 1660tr. Amyraldus' Treat. conc. Relig. iii. ix. 498 To reinfuse decayed strength in a moment, and rectifie cripled members after long impotence. 1694Salmon Bate's Dispens. (1713) 580/2 It rectifies a weak and disorderly Stomach.
b. To put or set (a person or thing) right, in various applications of the adj.; to bring or restore to a good or normal condition; † to establish in a proper manner.
a1529Skelton Col. Cloute 1265 To rectyfye and amende Thynges that are amys. 1549Latimer 1st Serm. bef. Edw. VI (Arb.) 31 He doth vs rectify in the libertie of the gospel, in that therefore let vs stand. 1599B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. 1, Your trauaile is your only thing that rectifies, or..makes you fit for action. 1640Sir B. Rudyard in Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1680) II. ii. 1358, I have often thought and said, that it must be some great extremity, that would recover and rectifie this State. 1678Trans. Crt. Spain ii. 100 The question was only Then of banishing a stranger; but Now the business is to rectify Spain itself. 1796C. Marshall Garden. xx. (1798) 376 Espaliers, garden frames, and such things, rectify. 1882Lecky Eng. in 18th C. (1892) IV. xvi. 366 The simplest and most natural way of rectifying his position.
refl.1809Med. Jrnl. XXI. 294 In this way we may account..for the manner in which nature tends to rectify herself.
absol.1830Hood Haunted House i. xxviii, No hand or foot within the precinct came To rectify or ravage.
†c. To restore in right condition to something.
1655Fuller Ch. Hist. i. ii. §11 Beholding their Temples..solemnly continued to a pious end, and rectified to the Service of the true God.
3. Chem. To purify or refine (any substance) by a renewed or repeated distillation, or by some chemical process; to raise to a required strength in this way; also, to flavour (a liquor) with some substance during rectification. Also absol.
c1450Lydg. Secrees 565 Ffirst departyng of the foure Ellementys, And afftirward..Euerych of hem for to Recteffye. 1460–70Bk. Quintessence 13 Brynge aȝen euerych [element] into 5 beynge [= quintessence]..as tofore, or ellis rectifie. 1594Plat Jewell-ho., Chem. Concl. 5 When you have divided the oyles from the waters, then you may rectifie or purify them in this manner. 1662R. Mathew Unl. Alch. 155 Its clearness must not come with gentle fire, but with oft rectifying. 1681tr. Belon's Myst. Physick Introd. 35 Pour over it of the best Spirit of Wine, rectified with Pot-ashes. 1731P. Shaw Ess. Artif. Philos. 126 These..refuse parts of Sugar are fermented with Water..; then distill'd into a Spirit, and rectified per se to vulgar proof. 1800tr. Lagrange's Chem. II. 248 If you rectify the product found in the receiver, you will obtain prussic acid. 1883Hardwich's Photogr. Chem. (ed. Taylor) 268 To rectify the solution, pour it into the glass bath..and..thoroughly stir up with it four drops of dilute Nitric acid.
transf.1603Drayton Bar. Wars i. xxii, The temper of that nobler mouing part, With such rare purenesse rectifie'd his blood. 1620Venner Via Recta Introd. 5 The Sunne, which rectifieth the aire. a1677Hale Prim. Orig. Man. i. ii. 45 The assimilation thereof in Animals rectifies this alimental juice into Chyle, and then into Blood. 1727Pope & Gay Further Acc. E. Curll, An Affluence of Animal Spirits rectified and refined to a degree of Purity.
4. a. To correct or reform (a person, one's nature, mind, etc.) from vice or moral defect.
a1450Mankind (Brandl) 13 O souerence, I be-seche you, yowur condycyons to rectyfye. c1460G. Ashby Dicta Philos. 792 Rectifie a noþer if that ye may,..And rectifie youre selfe first euery day. 1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. John xx. 113 b, Let them therfore put awaye earthly affeccions and rectifie theyr myndes, applying the same to spirituall and heauenly thynges. 1643Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. i. §42 But age doth not rectifie, but incurvate our natures, turning bad dispositions into worse habits. 1667J. Flavel Saint Indeed Wks. 1716 II. 5/2 Grace hath in great measure rectifyed the Soul, and given it an..heavenly temper. 1714Addison Spect. No. 571 ⁋9 As a Soul within the Soul, to..rectifie its Will, purifie its Passions [etc.]. 1781Crabbe Library 141 Whatever good ye boast, that good impart, Inform the head, and rectify the heart. 1859Geo. Eliot A. Bede ii. xvii, You can neither straighten their noses, nor brighten their wit, nor rectify their dispositions.
†b. To correct (one who is mistaken or in error); to set right. Obs.
1586Exam. Henry Barrowe A iij b, Barrowe. Yow shal not touch one haire of my head, without the wil of my heauenly father. Arch. Nay I will doe this to rectifie yow. 1616B. Jonson Devil an Ass ii. i, He do's not know me indeed. I thank you, Ingine, For rectifying him. 1688S. Penton Guard. Instr. (1897) 1 Pray, Sir, rectifie me if I am mistaken. 1711Addison Spect. No. 93 ⁋4 A Man has frequent Opportunities of..rectifying the Prejudiced.
absol.1605Bacon Adv. Learn. i. ii. §4 In all these it [learning] doth rectify more effectually than it can pervert.
5. a. To correct by removal of errors or mistakes; to amend or improve in this way.
1494Fabyan Chron. 2, I wyll presume..To ioyne suche a werke or it to rectyfye. 1610Shakes. Temp. v. i. 245 Some Oracle Must rectifie our knowledge. 1674Marvell Corr. Wks. 1872–5 II. 422 In order to the retracting or rectifying..the reasons formerly given by your House. a1727Newton Chronol. Amended i. (1728) 57 That Chronology is to be rectified, by shortening the times which precede the death of Cyrus. 1777Watson Philip II (1839) 219 He found means, however,..in some measure to rectify their opinion of his conduct. 1830Seton Forms Decrees in Equity 396 It was prayed that the said minutes may be rectified. 1864Bowen Logic i. 12 And of subsequently rectifying and enlarging our Concepts.
b. To correct or emend (a text). rare.
1730Hist. Litteraria I. 450 In order therefore to rectify the Text, he collated anew the several Editions. 1778R. Lowth Transl. Isaiah Prelim. Diss. (ed. 12) 46 Useful in rectifying as in explaining the Hebrew text.
†c. To make (an action) morally right. Obs.
1700S. Sewall Mem. in Diary (1879) II. 19 note, The extraordinary and comprehensive Benefit accruing to the Church of God, and to Joseph personally, did not rectify his brethrens Sale of him.
6. a. To put right by calculation or adjustment.
1559W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse 166 This [figure] semeth to haue a singuler vse in rectifying the longitudes of places. 1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. i. ii. 6 This is too hard for Practitioners at first to know how to use this Instrument, to rectifie the variation of the Compass. 1679Moxon Math. Dict., To Rectify a Nativity, is to bring the Estimate and supposed time to the true and real time of a persons Birth. 1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. I. s.v., Its Use is to find the Variation of the Compass, to Rectifie the Course at Sea. 1707–12Mortimer Husb. (1721) II. 253 If the Stock be all knotty or crooked..rectifie it with the fittest posture of the Graft you can. 1877Owen Mrq. Wellesley's Desp. Introd. 32 He rectified frontiers, in a military sense, with minute care, so as to make both us and our staunch dependents as defensible as possible.
b. To set right, adjust (an instrument or apparatus). Also in fig. context.
1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. ii. vi. 67 A most necessary Instrument to rectifie the Compass. 1669Worlidge Syst. Agric. 48 Observe whether it will hold out or super-abound at the end of one or two Furrows, and accordingly proceed and rectifie the Feeder [of the sowing-drill]. a1708Beveridge Priv. Th. i. (1730) 108 Having rectified the Balance of my Judgment according to the Scripture. 1833H. Martineau Loom & Lugger i. iv. 45 She..employed herself next in rectifying the time-piece by her own watch.
c. spec. To adjust (a globe) for the solution of a problem. Also absol.
a1646J. Gregory Terrestrial Globe in Postuma (1650) 286 Lift up the North-Pole aboue the Horizon so manie Degrees as will answer to the Latitude of the Place unto which you mean to rectifie. 1674Moxon Tutor Astron. ii. (ed. 3) 84 Rectifie the Globe, Quadrant, Hour-Index, and Horizon. 1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. I, To Rectifie the Globe... Bring the Sun's Place..to the Meridian, and the Hour-Index to 12 at Noon. 1868Lockyer Elem. Astron. 158 When the globe has been rectified, as it is called, in this manner, we have the constellations which are rising on the eastern horizon, just appearing above the eastern part of the wooden horizon.
7.
†a. To make straight, straighten out (anything crooked, etc.); to bring into line. Obs.
1597A. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. 39/2 Havinge therfor now rectified this finger by this meanes. 1600[see rank v.1 1 b]. 1628Wither Brit. Rememb. Premonit. 2 Rectifying a crooked staffe. a1711Ken Christophil Poet. Wks. 1721 I. 497 O Conscience,..Check me, and rectify my devious Lines. 1793Smeaton Edystone L. §252 The masons proceeded to rectify the face of the work, where it was in any degree wanting thereof.
b. Geom. To equate (a curve) with a straight line. (Cf. rectification 3.)
1673Visc. Brouncker in Phil. Trans. VIII. 6150 It was easie..to infer, That, if we can Rectifie the one, we may square the other. 1685Wallis Algebra 293 The same Curve, which Mr. Neil (and so many after him,) had Rectified before. 1721–41Chambers Cycl. s.v. Rectification, To rectify the circle, therefore, is to square it. Ibid., To rectify the parabola. 1866Brande & Cox Dict. Sci., etc. II. 799/1.
c. To permit (an electric current) to flow preferentially in one direction; esp. in Electr., to convert (an alternating current) into a direct current.
1892S. P. Thompson Dynamo-Electric Machinery (ed. 4) xxiii. 652 A commutator, which rectified the alternations. 1893Sloane Stand. Electr. Dict. 164. 1895 Electrician 9 Aug. 488/1 The town supply of current at a pressure of 3,000 volts is transformed down to 65 volts and rectified. 1901Brit. Med. Jrnl. 9 Mar. 573/2 The current to be ‘rectified’ is taken direct from alternator to commutator. 1922Encycl. Brit. XXXII. 1024/2 It [sc. the valve] can..be used to separate out the two constituents of a high frequency alternating current and ‘rectify’ them into a direct current. 1962Jrnl. Physiol. CLXIII. 111 The 2–3 membrane was assumed to be permeable only to potassium and to rectify anomalously: the extent of this rectification is illustrated. 1962A. Lytel Industr. Electronics ii. 38 These rectifiers are two-element tubes and are used in power supplies to rectify or convert alternating current to direct current. 1964B. V. Rollin Introd. Electronics v. 65 To rectify a signal by mixing it with a reference voltage of the same frequency and observing the resulting d.c. output.
†8. To guide or direct aright. Obs. rare.
1603Daniel Panegyric to King lxiii, Thy iudgement now must only rectifie This frame of pow're thy glory stands vpon. 1618Bp. Hall Right. Mammon Wks. (1625) 693 There is nothing more necessarie..for a Christian heart, then to be rectified in the menaging of a prosperous estate.
†9. To declare right, approve of (a thing). Obs.
1567Drant Horace, De Arte Poet. A viij, What Tom, and Tib do rectefie What lykes the carter clowne, The wyse men take not in good parte.
†10. intr. To become straight. Obs. rare—1.
1597A. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. 39/2 If the finger groweth croocked, we must then cause the finger to rectifye and growe straight. |