| 释义 |
governor|ˈgʌvənə(r)|
Forms: 4–9 governour, 4–6 governo(u)re, 5–6 -owre, (4 -ur, 6 -er), 4– governor.
[ad. OF. governeür (F. gouverneur) = Sp. gobernador, It. governatore:—L. gubernātōr-em, f. gubernāre to govern.]
†1. A steersman, pilot, captain of a vessel. Obs.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 153 Of Helianore schip he was hir gouernour. 1382Wyclif Acts xxvii. 11 Sothli centurioun bileuede more to the gouernour, and to the lord of the schipp, than to..Paul. c1430Pilgr. Lyf Manhode ii. xc. (1869) 108, I am þilke þat maketh þe gouernour slepe amiddes þe ship..whan he hath lost oþer broken the steerne. 1475Bk. Noblesse 58 Some goithe to set up the saile and take it downe as the governoure the maister avisithe hem. c1530L. Cox Rhet. E vij b, Of the whiche vessell the one man was both owner and gouernour. 1611Bible Jas. iii. 4 Yet are they [ships] turned about with a very small helme, whithersoeuer the gouernour listeth.
2. a. One who governs, or exercises authoritative control over, subjects or inferiors; a ruler.
governor of the feast: used in the Bible of 1611 as transl. of Gr. ἀρχιτρίκλινος (John ii. 8, 9).
13..K. Alis. 1714 Darie, the kyng of alle kynges..Governor of lewed and lerid. c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 3 Of Atthenes he was lord and gouernour. a1400–50Alexander 1936 (Dubl.) Sir Dary..Gouernour of ilke grome . & god all þi-seluen. c1400Ywaine & Gaw. 1222 Wemen..most nedes have a governowre. c1430Syr Tryam. 849 Than hath that lady gente Chosyn hym with comyns assente, To be hur governowre. 1460Lybeaus Disc. 1525 Ho ys yowre governowre? They seyde, Kyng Artour. 1531Elyot Gov. i. iii, There can be no perfect publike weale without one capital and soueraigne gouernour. 1548–9(Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer, Litany, Edward the Sixt, thy seruaunt our kyng and gouernour. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. iii. ii. 167 Her gentle spirit Commits it selfe to yours to be directed, As from her Lord, her Gouernour, her King. 1651Hobbes Leviath. ii. xviii. 94 The greatest pressure of Soveraign Governours, proceeded not from [etc.]. 1695Ld. Preston Boeth. iv. 186 When the Happiness of the Governours is in some measure diffused. 1775Johnson Tax. no Tyr. 17 Without the consent of their countrymen or governours. 1802Wordsw. Sonn., ‘I grieved for Buonaparte’, 'Tis not in battles that from youth we train The Governor who must be wise and good. 1847Emerson Repr. Men, Napoleon Wks. (Bohn) I. 370 History is full, down to this day, of the imbecility of kings and governors. 1867Gd. Words 1 Feb. 132/2 The parent is made known to the child, not merely as a benefactor, but as a moral governor.
b. Said of the Deity, or of the persons in the Trinity; also of a heathen divinity.
a1300Cursor M. 18366 Lauerd and godd he sal be ur, And euer mar vr gouernur. 13..E.E. Allit. P. C. 199 Hatz þou, gome, no gouernour ne god on to calle. c1440York Myst. xlvii. 33 Jesu Criste, our gouernoure. 1552Abp. Hamilton Catech. (1884) 3 The haly spreit quhilk is ane daily techeour and governour of the hail universal kirk. 1678Cudworth Intell. Syst. i. iii. 110 The Deity, or that perfect Mind, which is the supreme Governour of all things. 1710Prideaux Orig. Tithes i. 18 Being given to them by God not as General Governor of the World..but [etc.]. 1817A. Bonar Serm. II. x. 218 The infinitely wise moral Governor of the world.
c. Said of things more or less personified.
c1385Chaucer L.G.W. Prol. 170 Welcome Sommer, oure governour and lorde. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. ii. (1495) 102 The heede is gouernoure and ruler of all the body. 1513Bradshaw St. Werburge i. 3084 The day was gouernour over the nyght. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 18 b, Whiche grace, vnder god, is the chefe gouernour of mannes soule. 1726Butler Serm. Rolls ii. 42 This Faculty was placed within to be our proper Governour.
3. a. An official appointed to govern a province, country, town, etc. Now used as the official title of the representative of the Crown in a British colony or dependency; also of the executive head of each of the United States.
1390Gower Conf. III. 178 When he made a governour..Of province or of region. 1535Coverdale 2 Kings xxv. 23 The kynge of Babilon had made Godolias gouernoure. 1579Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 51 Don Ferardo one of the chiefe gouernours of the citie. 1673Ray Journ. Low C. 9 Brussels..where the Spanish Governour of these Provinces..usually resides. 1683Col. Rec. Pennsylv. I. 57 Wm. Penn, proprietery and Governer of Pensilvania. 1742Hume Ess., Taxes (1777) I. 368 The emperor..must allow all the bashaws and governors to oppress and abuse the subjects. a1832Mackintosh Review Milton's Nephews Wks. 1846 II. 505 While the grandson of Milton resided at Madras..it is somewhat remarkable that the elder brother of Addison should have been the Governor of that settlement. 1840Thirlwall Greece VII. 5 Here [at Alexandria] he found reason to remove the governor whom he had left there.
b. The officer in command of a fortress or garrison.
1647Clarendon Hist. Reb. iv. §207 Sending an order to the governor of Portsmouth that nobody should be admitted into that town and fort. 1663Flagellum, or O. Cromwell (1672) 85 Stafford the Gouernour of the Castle basely betrayed it to Cromwell. 1837King's Regul. & Ord. Army 23 To Governors, who have not Commissions as General Officers, all Guards within their Garrisons are to turn out with presented Arms, and beat one Ruffle. 1898Forsyth in Expositor Oct. 268 The governor of a besieged town.
4. One who bears rule in an establishment, institution, society, etc. Now chiefly as an official title, sometimes applied only to the head of an institution (e.g. in the Bank of England, where the ‘Governor’ is chosen from a body of ‘Directors’), sometimes to each member of a governing body, as often in the case of charitable institutions. spec. One who is in charge of a prison.
c1386Chaucer Monk's Prol. 52 Thou art..a gouernour, wyly and wys. 1427in Heath Grocer's Comp. (1829) 4 John de Wellys, Alderman and gouernour. 1535Coverdale Isa. xxii. 15 Go in to the treasury vnto Sobna the gouernoure, and saye [etc.]. c1566J. Alday tr. Boaystuau's Theat. World H viij b, The rector or governor of one onlye Churche or congregation. 1577Hanmer Anc. Eccl. Hist. (1619) 493 Governer of the Monastery in Constantinople. 1607in Hist. Wakefield Gram. Sch. (1892) 68 The usher being convented by the Governours and admonished. 1697W. Dampier Voy. (1702) I. 525 Withal I think it worth the care of the Owners or Governours of the Factory..to lay Pipes to convey the Fountain Water to the Shore. 1721Strype Eccl. Mem. II. ii. xiv. 362 The Governour of the Hospital of Christ's-Church in London. 1807Southey Lett. fr. Eng. II. xxxix. 162 Of late years the office of jailor has become of considerable importance, and ennobled by the title of Governor. 1864C. M. Yonge Trial II. vii. 137 Mr. Ernescliffe sent in his card at the governor's house... They were told that the prisoner they wished to see was at work. 1884J. Payn Some Lit. Recoll. 42 It came under the notice of the Governor of Woolwich Academy. 1897O. Wilde Let. 1 Apr. (1962) 514 Of the many, many things for which I have to thank the Governor there is none for which I am more grateful than for his permission to write fully to A[lfred] D[ouglas]. 1911Encycl. Brit. XXII. 366/1 The convict..exercises and goes to chapel..in the society of others, but holds no communication with them; his only intercourse with his fellow-creatures is when he is visited by the governor, chaplain, schoolmaster or trade instructor. 1965T. Parker Plough Boy iii. i. 196 Then the governor come in..rabbiting..about ‘respite’ or ‘reprieve’ or something like that.
†5. The commander of a company, esp. an armed force, naval or military. Obs.
13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 225 ‘Wher is,’ he sayd, ‘Þe gouernour of þis gyng?’ c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 1060 Dido, His Meinie That hadde founde here lord here gouernour. c1400Destr. Troy 4819 Agamynon, the gouernour. c1450Holland Howlat xxvi, Goiss Halkis war governouris of the gret oist. 1553Eden Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 34 They elected a new gouernoure of theyr nauie. 1604Shakes. Oth. ii. i. 55 My hopes do shape him for the Gouernor. a1625Fletcher Love's Pilgr. iv. i. (1647) 18/2 Rod. within. Ho, Governor [ed. 2 gunner] make a shot into the Town, a shot.
†6. One who has charge of a young man's education and occupations; a tutor, esp. of a prince or young noble. Obs.
1577Rhodes Bk. Nurture in Babees Bk. 63 And thus by the Chylde yee shall perceiue the disposytion of the Gouernour. 1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, i. i. 171 To Eltam will I, where the young King is, Being ordayn'd his speciall Gouernor. 1638Sir H. Wotton in Four C. Eng. Lett. 53 Attending the young Lord S. as his governor. 1654Nicholas Papers (Camden) II. 146, I will..recommend unto his Majesty care the placing some such Governor over the Duke of Gloucester as may understand the moralls of a Prince; and I pray beleeve it is 3 weekes very strict observance that makes me see the difference betwixt a schoole⁓master and a Governor. 1692Locke Educ. §94 The great Work of a Governour is to fashion the Carriage and form the Mind. 1752Chesterfield Lett. (1792) III. cclxxix. 279 Others..are sent abroad in servitude to some aukward pedantic Scotch governor. 1788New Lond. Mag. 153 Mr. Hobbs..travelled with him as his governor into France.
7. colloq. or slang.
a. An employer (cf. sense 4).
b. Applied by young men to their fathers.
c. Used as a vulgar form of address to a man.
a.1802K. White Rem. I. 83, I have made such a proficiency in the law, as has ensured me the regard of my governors. 1838Dickens O. Twist xxxi, Tell your governor that Blathers..is here.
b.1827Sporting Mag. XX. 70, I was accompanied on this occasion by my Governor. 1847Hare Vict. Faith 107, I allude to the habit which sons have in speaking of their father,..to call him governor, as the vulgar phrase is. 1853‘C. Bede’ Verdant Green i. x, I suppose the bills will come in some day or other, but the governor will see to them. 1888E. J. Goodman Too Curious vi, I will not fail to let you know..how the governor is going on.
c.1844Dickens Mart. Chuz. xxiii. 284 ‘My youngest died last week.’ ‘I'm sorry for it, governor, with all my heart,’ said Mark. 1852Punch 2 Oct. 152/1 (caption) I say, Guvner, give us a hist with this 'ere bilin' o' greens! 1866Night in Workh. 37 ‘Is this anything like wot you've lost, guv'ner?’
8. Machinery. A self-acting contrivance for regulating the passage of gas, steam, water, etc., esp. the supply of any one of these to a machine, in order to ensure an even and regular motion.
1819Rees Cycl. XXIII. s.v. Mill-work, These regulators [in a mill] are usually termed governors. 1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 38 Governors or flying-balls are very frequently used in the wind-mills employed for grinding flour. 1832Babbage Econ. Manuf. iii. (ed. 3) 27 That beautiful contrivance, the governor of the steam-engine. 1849–50Weale Dict. Arch., etc. s.v., The governor is a machine for regulating and equalizing the flow of gas from the gasometers to the street-mains. 1864G. Buchanan & Co.'s Descr. List Machinery i. 53 The addition of a governor or regulator for adjusting the supply of water to the wheel. 1879Dickens' Dict. London, s.v. Gas, The pressure of gas to a house is..regulated by a wet governor. 1918E. M. Roberts Flying Fighter 63 By means of a governor, the speed of the lorries was being limited to fifteen miles an hour. But we discovered that if the ball in the governor was held up we could get as much as twenty-five miles out of the motor. 1940‘Gun Buster’ Return via Dunkirk i. iv. 40 They do forty miles per hour, and can do eighty if you take the governor off. 1961Lancet 2 Sept. 549/2 We might consider obliging the police to seal a governor set at 50 m.p.h. into the carburation of everything on wheels.
9. A particular fly used in angling.
1856Kingsley Let. May in A. Locke (1876) p. lvii, Fished all the morning... Killed eight on ‘March brown’ and ‘governor’, by drowning the flies. 1867F. Francis Angling vi. (1880) 243 The Governor..is a very useful fly on many waters. 1884St. James's Gaz. 21 June 6/2 The artificial fly known as the ‘governour’, which is intended for an imitation of the ground bee.
10. attrib. and Comb. (chiefly sense 8), as governor-apparatus, governor-burner, governor-house, governor-reed, governor-valve; also governor-block, one of a pair of cast-iron blocks pivoted to the axle-clamp in the railway automatic compression-brake (Cent. Dict.).
1865Morning Star 3 Nov., The servants..were employed putting up ‘*governor’ apparatus on the pipes attached to the gasometer.
1891Anthony's Photogr. Bull. IV. 346 A Peebles' *governor burner..forms an excellent arrangement. 1895Daily News 14 Oct. 7/7 The saving effected by needle governor burners..will soon pay for their cost.
1895Daily News 17 Dec. 3/5 A fire..occurred in the *governor house of Worthing Gasworks.
1892Pall Mall G. 27 Apr. 7/2 Regulated by a simple screw contrivance to vibrate at the exact rate of the distant transmitter or *governor reed.
1875Knight Dict. Mech., *Governor-valve, a valve in a steam-pipe operated by the governor to vary the area of steam. |