| 释义 |
▪ I. gorge, n.1|gɔːdʒ|
Also 5 goorge, 5–6 gorg.
[a. OF. and F. gorge = Pr. gorga, gorja, Sp. gorga, Pg. gorja, It. gorga, gorgia:—popular L. *gorga, *gurga of unknown origin; the possibility of connexion with L. gurges, whirlpool, is very doubtful.]
I. In physical senses.
1. The external throat; the front of the neck; said both of human beings and of animals. Obs. exc. arch.
a1400Morte Arth. 3761 He gyrdes hym in at þe gorge with his gryme launce. a1400–50Alexander 4985 All gilden was hire gorg with golden fethirs. 1481Caxton Myrr. ii. viii. 81 The breste and the gorge of hym [the phenix] shyneth. a1529Skelton Ware Hauke 87 With that he gaue her a bounce Full vpon the gorge. 1586A. Day Eng. Secretary i. (1625) 73 Taking him [the Rebell] by the gorge. 1819Keats K. Stephen i. iii, Do not tempt me to throttle you on the gorge. 1866C. Merivale in Contemp. Rev. II. 270 The form divine, the graceful gorge, fair breast, and dazzling eyes.
fig.1579J. Stubbes Gaping Gulf A iij b, We shewe by demonstrative reasons that it goeth to the very gorge of the Church.
†b. The dewlap of a bull. ? nonce-use.
1591Horsey Trav. (Hakluyt Soc.) 220 [There was] a goodly fare white bull..his crop or gorg hanging down to his knees before him.
2. The internal throat. Now only rhetorical.
1362Langl. P. Pl. A. xi. 53 God is muche in the gorge of theose grete maystres. a1400–50Alexander 3627 And full of glorand gledis þaim to þe gorge fillis. a1533Ld. Berners Huon cxxxii. 489 He caste fyre and smoke oute of his gorge lyke a forneyse. a1586Sidney Arcadia i. (1590) 62 b, Songs, which the watrie instruments did make their [birds'] gorge deliuer. 1601Holland Pliny I. 339 The vpper part or top of the Wezand, is called the Gorge, or the gullet. 1607Rowlands Famous Hist. 41 Forth his smoaking gorge came sulphur smoke. 1821Byron Irish Atavar xx, Till the gluttonous despot be stuff'd to the gorge! 1832Tennyson Pal. Art vi, The golden gorge of dragons spouted forth a flood of fountain-foam.
fig.1876Swinburne Erechth. 1358 And the gorge of the gulfs of the battle is wide for the spoil of the world. 1783–94Blake Songs Exper., Div. Image 8 The human face [is] a furnace seal'd, The human heart its hungry gorge.
3. Falconry. The crop of a hawk. to bear full gorge: to be full fed. Hence, in opprobrious rhetorical use, the ‘maw’, devouring capacity, of a monster, or a person, etc. spoken of as gluttonous, bloodthirsty, or rapacious. Obs. exc. arch.
c1450Bk. Hawkyng in Rel. Ant. I. 304 The flesch that is in his gorge woll be oversoden if it be ther any while long holdyng. 1486Bk. St. Albans C viij, She goorgith when she fillith hir goorge with meete. 1514Barclay Cyt. & Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) p. xli, Their greedy gorges are rapt with the smell. 1582T. Watson Centurie of Loue xlvii. (Arb.) 83 No lure will cause her stoope, she beares full gorge. 1583[See garbage n.2] 1602Marston Antonio's Rev. v. v. Wks. 1856 I. 140 Here lies a dish to feast thy fathers gorge. 1615Latham Falconry, Words of Art (1633), Gorge, is that part of the Hawke which first receiueth the meat, and is called the craw or crop in other fowles. 1625Gill Sacr. Philos. iv. 23 Nothing could glut the gorges of those bloody Priests. 1641Milton Ch. Govt. ii. Concl. 63 This mighty sailewing'd monster that menaces to swallow up the Land, unlesse her bottomlesse gorge may be satisfi'd with the blood of the Kings daughter the Church. 1852Kingsley Andromeda 64 A prey for the gorge of the monster.
fig.1594Plat Jewell-ho. i. 29 Doe wee thinke that Nature is bounde to cast vp the treasures of her full gorge amongest vs? 1612–15Bp. Hall Contempl. O.T. xvi. iv, So vast are the gorges of some consciences; that they can swallow the greatest crimes. 1814Scott Ld. of Isles vi. xxiv, The first are in destruction's gorge.
b. The phrase a full gorge properly belongs to sense 3 (cf. on a full stomach), but the ambiguity of the adj. led to its being interpreted according to sense 4. (Cf. gorge n.3)
1553T. Wilson Rhet. 64 The counsailor heareth causes with lesse pain beyng emptie, then he shal be able after a full gorge. 1589Cogan Haven Health cciii. (1636) 195 If..they bee not sicke upon a full gorge, yet they are drousie and heavy. 1642Milton Apol. Smect. Wks. 1738 I. 132 What though? because the Vultures had then but small pickings, shall we therfore go and fling them a full gorge? a1693Urquhart Rabelais iii. xv. 126 Falconers,..when they have fed their Hawks, will not suffer them to fly on a full Gorge. 1727Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Capon, Give the Capon a full Gorge thereof three times a Day.
†4. A meal for a hawk. (to give) gorge upon gorge: a second meal before another is digested; also transf. Obs.
c1430Lydg. Bochas ii. xxvii. (1494) i jb, They..Forsoke Mars..And to Bachus their hedes gan enclyne Gorge vpon gorge, tyll it drough to nyght. 1575Turberv. Faulconrie 199 Beware that you gyue hir not gorge upon gorge. Ibid. 291 The diseases in Hawkes heads do most commonly breede of giuing them too great gorges. 1615Latham Falconry (1633) 107, I haue already forewarned you, to be circumspect in her diet, that it may be of light and coole meate, and small gorges thereof. 1677N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. (ed. 2) 247 In the first place, never give them [Hawks] a great Gorge, especially of gross meats.
5. What has been swallowed, the contents of the stomach; in phrases (primarily of Falconry) † to cast (up), heave, spue up, vomit one's gorge. Also to cast the gorge at: to reject (food) with loathing.
1526Skelton Magnyf. 1633 To styre vp your stomake you must you forge, Call for a candell, and cast vp your gorge. 1563–87Foxe A. & M. (1684) III. 275 He will vomit his gorge, and cast out floods to overflow him. c1575Perfect Bk. Kepinge Sparhawkes (1886) 20 Castinge the gorge, kepinge her meate longe aboue, or other surfit..be..veary daungerus. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. iv. 21 And all the way, most like a brutish beast, He spued vp his gorge, that all did him deteast. 1857Gen. P. Thompson Audi Alt. I. xvii. 57 Eat horse, or eat dog, or put something into your mouths you have always been taught to cast the gorge at.
fig.1642Rogers Naaman 37 Sundry who..haue sent for the minister..and there vomitted up all their gorge, accused and condemned themselves.
b. Freq. used fig. in the above phrases to express extreme disgust or (in later use) violent resentment; now commonly one's gorge rises (at or † against). to rouse (stir) the gorge: to make furiously angry.
1532More Confut. Tindale Wks. 702/1 [Preachers who] make a man ready to cast his gorge to heare them raue and rage like mad men. 1602Shakes. Ham. v. i. 207 How abhorred my Imagination is, my gorge rises at it. 1604― Oth. ii. i. 236 Her delicate tendernesse will finde it selfe abus'd, begin to heaue the Gorge, disrelish and abhorre the Moore. 1766H. Brooke Fool of Qual. Wks. 1792 III. xv. 74 The very gorge of my soul rises against this dæmon. 1809W. Irving Knickerb. vii. vi. (1820) 485 So insolent..a request would have been enough to have roused the gorge of the tranquil Van Twiller himself. 1863G. J. Whyte-Melville Gladiators II. 274 He remembered now that his gorge had risen while he spoke. 1873H. Rogers Orig. Bible vi. 243 The very thought of whom naturally stirred all the gorge of this Pharisee of the Pharisees. 1877Farrar Days of Youth iv. 34 In uttering it he would be unable to repress the rising gorge of self-disgust.
II. In transferred (chiefly technical) uses.
6. Fortif. The neck of a bastion or other outwork; the entrance from the rear to the platform or body of a work (cf. quot. 1834–47).
1669Lond. Gaz. No. 390/3 But yet the courage of his men prevailing, they won from the Turks the Gorge of that Bastion. 1690Leybourn Curs. Math. 586 The greater the Flanks and the Gorge between them are, the better they are. 1762Sterne Tr. Shandy V. xix, We have not a couple of field-pieces to mount in the gorge of that new redoubt. 1812Wellington in Gurw. Desp. IX. 12 The detachment which attacked the work by the gorge had the most serious difficulties to contend with. 1834–47J. S. Macaulay Field Fortif. (1851) 9 The open or rear part of the redan, and of all other works, is called the gorge. 1876in Voyle & Stevenson Milit. Dict.
7. A narrow opening between hills; a ravine with rocky walls, esp. one that gives passage to a stream.
1769Gray Let. Poems (1775) 359 Looking full into the gorge of Borrowdale. 1814Scott Wav. xvi, Through the gorge of this glen they found access to a black bog. 1856Stanley Sinai & Pal. Introd. 39 A mass of high limestone cliffs, with two deep gorges. 1878Huxley Physiogr. 157 If the glacier enters a gorge, it becomes contracted.
†8. Farriery. (See quot.) Obs.—1 (Cf. gorged ppl. a.2 2.)
1610Markham Masterp. ii. cx. 391 The gorge or gourded legges, is an ill sorrance, being a grieuous swelling in the neather part of the legges.
9. Arch. (See quots.) [All in Fr. use.]
a.1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Gorge, Gule, or Neck, (in Architect.) is the narrowest part of the Dorick and Tuscan Capitals, lying between the Astragal, above the Shaft of the Pillar, and the Annulets. 1727–41Chambers Cycl., Gorge is also used for the neck of a column; more properly called collarino, and gorgerin. 1889in Century Dict.
b.1727–41Chambers Cycl., Gorge of a chimney, is the part between the chambranle and the crowning of the mantle.
c.1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Gorge,..a kind of Moulding, hollow on the inside, which is larger, but not so deep as the Scotia. 1727–41in Chambers Cycl. 1823in P. Nicholson Pract. Build. 585.
d.1721–41Chambers Cycl., Gorge is sometimes used for a moulding that is concave in the upper part, and convex at bottom; more properly called gula, and cymatium.
e.1875Knight Dict. Mech., Gorge, (Masonry) a small groove at the under side of a coping, to keep the drip from reaching the wall.
10. Mech. The groove of a pulley. [So F. gorge.]
1812–16J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 308 To prevent the ropes a and b from rubbing against each other, the upper fixed pulley may have a double gorge. 1875in Knight Dict. Mech.
11. Angling.
†a. A contrivance for disengaging a fishhook, when swallowed (obs.—1).
b. A solid object, intended to be swallowed by the fish, to ensure its capture.
1740R. Brookes Art of Angling i. xiv. 43 As the Pearch generally swallows the Bait..it will be necessary to carry an Instrument..which I call a Gorge. 1883Century Mag. Apr. 900/1 The fish swallowed it, and, the gorge coming crosswise with the gullet, the fish was captured. 1884Athenæum 23 Feb. 254/3 Flints of various sizes..manufactured for use as fish-hooks, gorges, and sinkers.
12. U.S. A mass choking up a narrow passage; esp. in ice-gorge (see ice n. 8).
1884[see ice n. 8]. 1886Pall Mall G. 22 Apr. 7/2 The ice gorge near Montreal has been broken.
†13. Pottery. pl. (See quots.) [Possibly a distinct word: cf. Brown George.]
1684Dwight's Patent in Jewitt Ceramic Art Gt. Brit. I. 121 Severall new Manufactures of Earthenwares, called by the Names of White Gorges, Marbled Porcellane Vessells, Statues, and Figures, and Fine Stone Gorges and Vessells, never before made in England or elsewhere. 1813T. Faulkner Hist. Acc. Fulham 27 In the year 1684 Mr. John Dwight..established..a manufactory of earthern wares known under the name of White Gorges. 1879J. Timbs in Cassell's Techn. Educ. I. 367/2 Specimens of..‘Fulham Ware’, consisting of white gorges or pitchers.
III. 14. attrib. and Comb., as (sense 11) gorge-bait, gorge-fishing, gorge-hook; (sense 6) gorge-curtain, gorge-line; also gorge-circle, in gearing, ‘the outline of the smallest cross section of a hyperboloid of revolution’ (Webster 1897); † gorge-millar Sc., ? a glutton.
1867F. Francis Angling iv. (1880) 132 *Gorge baits of all kinds..were invented by the father of cruelty.
1862N.Y. Tribune 19 Apr. (Cent.), The blindages over the casemates of the *gorge-curtains [were] splintered and shivered.
1898Daily News 14 Dec. 6/4 The abolition of..live or dead *gorge fishing.
1866Athenæum 27 Jan. 131/3 Baited *gorge⁓hooks. 1875‘Stonehenge’ Brit. Sports i. v. xi. §3. 315 Gorge hooks are either single or double.
1661S. Partridge Double Scale Proportion 93 The length of the *Gorge-line in the made Fort, is 59,5. 1834–47J. S. Macaulay Field Fortif. (1851) 109 After having..stretched a cord mn four feet above the gorge line [etc.].
1500–20Dunbar Poems lx. 26 Gryt glaschew-hedit *gorge-millaris.
▪ II. † gorge, n.2 Her. Obs.
[Of unknown origin.]
A bearing known only from the drawing given by Leigh; its interpretation was disputed (see quot.).
Not to be confounded with gorges, gurges, which in some mod. books of heraldry appears with the spelling gorge or gurge.
1562Leigh Armorie (1597) 103 He beareth Sanguine, a Gorge, Argent. Thoughe this seeme vnlikely to be a water⁓budget, yet hath it long time bin so taken, and so blazed, and neuer of anie other fashion, then ye see in this escocheon.
▪ III. gorge, n.3|gɔːdʒ|
[f. next vb.]
An act of gorging oneself; a glut (of food, wine, etc.).
1854S. Dobell Balder xxiii. 99 A wreathed wrestler from a gorge of wine, He falls in pride. 1867F. Francis Angling iv. (1880) 105 They have a heavy gorge about once in two or three days. 1890Petrie in Statem. Palestine Explor. Fund Oct. 228 Thinking of nothing but the perfect gorge all the weary day [of the Ramadan fast].
▪ IV. gorge, v.|gɔːdʒ|
Also 5 goorge.
[ad. OF. and F. gorger, f. gorge gorge n.1]
1. intr. To fill the gorge; to feed greedily. (In early use, of a bird of prey.) Const. on, upon.
13..K. Alis. 5625 Alle hei gorgen as a rauene. 1486Bk. St. Albans C viij, She goorgith when she fillith hir goorge with meete. 1601Shakes. Jul. C. v. i. 82 On our former Ensigne Two mighty Eagles..pearch'd, Gorging and feeding from our Soldiers hands. 1641Milton Animadv. Wks. (1851) 233 The very garbage that drawes together all the fowles of prey and ravin in the land to come and gorge upon the Church. 1795Gentl. Mag. July 619/1 He gorged so much at a neighbour's as to stop all the functions of Nature, and he was actually suffocated with a good meal. 1821Shelley Hellas 469 They..like hounds of a base breed, Gorge from a stranger's hand, and rend their master. 1891R. Kipling Light that Failed iii. 44 Dick fell upon eggs and bacon and gorged till he could gorge no more.
fig.1828D'Israeli Chas. I, II. viii. 182 The single passion of D'Ancre was inordinate avarice; he gorged on wealth.
2. trans.
a. To fill the gorge of; to stuff with food; to glut, satiate. Also with up. (Cf. engorge 1.)
1486Bk. St. Albans A iv b, How ye shall gyde yow if yowre hawke be full goorged. 1549Latimer 1st Serm. bef. Edw. VI (Arb.) 42 Surueiers there be, yat gredyly gorge vp their couetouse guttes. 1555–8T. Phaer æneid iii. H iij b, For whan he gorgyd had him self with meates & drinkings drownd. 1591Percivall Sp. Dict., Papar, to gorge vp, to fill the gorge. 1605Shakes. Lear i. i. 120 He that makes his generation messes To gorge his appetite. 1648Hunting of Fox 21 The Fox..had..so gorg'd his guts that he could not squeeze himself out againe. 1709Steele Tatler No. 83 ⁋7 Going to a Tavern to Dinner; or after being gorged there, to repeat the same with another Company at Supper. 1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 219 Our men gorged themselves with it [chocolate] and would have no more. 1756Burke Subl. & B. iv. xxiv, We paint the giant..plundering the innocent traveller, and afterwards gorged with his half-living flesh. 1826Syd. Smith Wks. (1867) II. 82 The king of the vultures first gorged himself. 1860Kingsley Misc. I. 189 When fish are gorged with their morning meal of green drakes.
b. transf. and fig.
1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, iii. ii. 84 Being with his presence glutted, gorg'd, and full. 1639Du Verger tr. Camus' Admir. Events 84 In this ease and idlenesse of life gorged with wealth. 1719De Foe Crusoe (1840) II. ix. 199 Heaven can gorge us with our own desires. 1830Scott Demonol. vii. 203 Our dungeons are gorged with them. 1844Thirlwall Greece VIII. lxiii. 216 They were gorging themselves with plunder. 1873Tristram Moab xv. 293 Every press gorged, every sheet of paper occupied.
c. Said of that which is devoured: To glut.
1713Addison Cato i. iv, Nor would his slaughter'd army now have lain On Africk's sands..To gorge the Wolves and Vultures of Numidia. 1742Young Nt. Th. v. 468 When his foul basket gorges them no more.
3. To take into the gorge, to swallow; to devour greedily. † Also with in.
1614B. Jonson Barth. Fair i. (1631) 15 So it [pig] be eaten with a reformed mouth..not gorg'd in with gluttony, or greedinesse. 1653Walton Angler i. v. 127 You must fish for him with a strong line..and let him have time to gorge your hook. 1667Milton P.L. iii. 434 As when a Vultur..Dislodging from a Region scarce of prey, To gorge the flesh of Lambs or yearling Kids. 1817Coleridge Sibyl. Leaves (1862) 144 How could I bear To see them gorge their dainty fare? 1848Thackeray Van. Fair I. xiv. 119 When men of a certain sort..are in love, though they see the hook and the string..they gorge the bait nevertheless.
transf. and fig.1647N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. i. lxvi. (1739) 145 The Clergy had not only gotten the game, but gorged it. 1700Blackmore Job xx. 87 Tho' he may Riches gorge, the painful Spoil In massy Vomit quickly will recoil. 1742Young Nt. Th. iv. 281 Who is the King of Glory? He who slew The rav'nous foe, that gorg'd all human race! 1816Byron Siege Cor. xii, On the vulgar yelling press, To gorge the relics of success. 1853C. Brontë Villette xlii, The storm..did not lull till the deeps had gorged their full of sustenance.
absol.1833Marryat P. Simple (1863) 76 A glass of grog is a bait that he'll play round till he gorges.
4. a. To fill full, distend (a vein, organ, duct, or other vessel); to choke, choke up. Chiefly in pa. pple. (Cf. engorge 1 b.)
1508,1572[see gorged ppl. a.1 b]. 1809Med. Jrnl. XXI. 108 In such cases..the veins have always been found particularly gorged with black blood. 1845Budd Dis. Liver 381 The lobules of the liver soon become gorged with bile. 1860Tyndall Glac. ii. xx. 336 The water which is supposed to gorge the capillaries of the glacier. 1872Darwin Emotions viii. 208 During excessive laughter..the head and face become gorged with blood, with the veins distended. 1888Fagge Princ. Med. (ed. 2) I. 158 [In Relapsing Fever] the kidneys are gorged and swollen.
b. intr. Of ice: to become fixed so as to form an obstruction. U.S.
1852Knickerbocker XL. 157 After an hour's plunging through the ice, which had accumulated in such masses as almost to ‘gorge’, we came to where it lay. 1873J. H. Beadle Undevel. West xxxiv. 738 The ice..gorged against a bluff bank in a short bend of the stream, and dammed the water.
5. To scoop out into gorges (see gorge n. 7).
1849Dana Geol. iii. (1850) 155 The whole surface [is] gorged out with valleys.
Hence ˈgorging ppl. a.
1743Lond. & Country Brewer iv. (ed. 2) 284 A strong, gorging, intoxicating Yeast-beaten Ale. 1883Athenæum 29 Dec. 863/3 One passage which ought not to have been inserted..representing us as gorging gluttons. |