| 释义 |
▪ I. gore, n.1|gɔə(r)|
Also 4, 7 gorre, 6–7 goar(e, 9 dial. gor.
[OE. gor neut., dung, dirt = MDu., Du. goor mud, filth, OHG., MHG. gor (mod.Swiss gur, guhr, animal dung), ON. gor the cud in animals, slimy matter (Sw. gorr, dial. går, gor, gur, dung, filth, putrid matter).]
1. Dung, fæces; filth of any kind, dirt, slime. Obs. exc. dial.
c725Corpus Gloss. 883 Fimum, goor. a1000Riddles xli. 72 (Gr.) Þæs gores sunu..þone we wifel wordum nemnaþ. c1000ælfric Exod. xxix. 14 Þæs cealfes flæsc and fell and gor. 13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 306 Þe gore þer-of me hatz greued & þe glette nwyed. a1400Morte Arth. 1130 Bothe þe guttez and the gorre guschez owte at ones. c1400St. Alexius (Laud 622) 1005 His fader sergeauntz alle..gorre on hym gonne þrowe. 1460Lybeaus Disc. 1471 Gore, and fen, and full wast, That was out ykast. 1599T. M[oufet] Silkwormes 59 Tainting with lothsome gore the common fold. 1641Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 14 Such sheepe likewise as are troubled with the infirmity of chewinge of gorre..A greate parte of their meat, whiles that they are chewinge of it, workes forth of the wykes of their mouthe. 1825Brockett N.C. Words, Gor, Gore, dirt, any⁓thing rotten or decayed.
†b. Hardened rheum from the eyes. Obs.—1
1741Monro Anat. Nerves (ed. 3) 48 The Gum, or Gore, as we call it, was separated in greater Quantity,..and the Eye-ball itself was diminished. 1808–80in Jamieson.
2. Blood in the thickened state that follows effusion. In poetical language often: Blood shed in carnage. † In early use occas. blood and gore, bloody gore (cf. Du. bloed en goor); see also gore blood.
1563Mirr. Mag., Hastings xxviii, A Souldyours handes must oft be dyed with goare. c1586C'tess Pembroke Ps. lxxviii. xvii, Zoan plaines..Saw watry clearnes chang'd to bloudy gore. 1602Marston Antonio's Rev. i. i. Wks. 1856 I. 76 This warm reeking goare. 1693Dryden Ovid's Met. i. 596 Th' expiring serpent wallow'd in his gore. c1760Smollett Ode to Indep. 18 The Saxon prince in horror fled From altars stained with human gore. 1801Southey Thalaba ix. xx, His talons are sheathed in her shoulders, And his teeth are red in her gore. 1848Lytton Harold iii. ii, Red with gore was the spear of the prelate of London.
¶ Whimsically used for ‘blood’.
1799Coleridge Lett. (1895) 305, I have three brothers, that is to say, relations by gore.
†b. (all) (in) a (or one) gore of blood: bathed in or besmeared with blood. (Cf. gore blood 2.) Obs.
1661Pepys Diary 7 Dec., In comes the German back again, all in a goare of blood. 1749Wesley Wks. (1872) II. 147 She was all in a gore of blood. 1766H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1792) I. iv. 147 From their forehead to their shoes they were in one gore of blood. 1784Sir J. Cullum Hist. Hawsted iii. 171 He's all a Gore of blood. 1824Examiner 15/1 Lying on the ground in a gore of blood.
†c. ? A clot, ‘gout’ (of blood). Obs. rare—1.
1727Philip Quarll 253 He saw Gores of Blood here and there.
3. attrib. and Comb.
a. simple attrib., as (sense 1) † gore-pit;
b. objective, as gore-distilling, gore-dropping;
c. instrumental, as gore-bedabbled, gore-drenched, gore-drowned, gore-dyed, gore-fed, gore-moistened, gore-spangled, gore-stained;
d. parasynthetic, as gore-faced. Also gore-chewer dial. (cf. quot. 1641 in sense 1).
1848Lytton Harold xi. xi, The tomb Of the bones and the flesh, *Gore-bedabbled and fresh.
1893Northumbld. Gloss., *Gore-chower, a sheep which, owing to some structural defect in its mouth, is unable to retain or properly masticate its food.
1770Beattie Ode Peace i. ii, Murder..shakes her *gore-distilling wings.
1806J. Grahame Birds Scot. 169 That *gore-drenched flag.
1848Lytton Harold v. iii, His sightless and *gore-dropping sockets.
1627Drayton Agincourt, etc. 114 Much dismay'd with what had lately hapt, On *Gore-drown'd Gladmore in that bloody shower.
1794Southey Wat Tyler iii. ii, Flattery's incense No more shall shadow round the *gore-dyed throne.
1812Byron Ch. Har. i. xlviii, *Gore-faced Treason sprung from her adulterate joy.
1801M. G. Lewis Bothwell's Bonny Jane xxxvi, His hands two *gore-fed scorpions grasp'd.
1811Scott Don Roderick xlii, *Gore-moisten'd trees shall perish in the bud.
1508Fisher 7 Penit. Ps. vi. Wks. (1876) 18 As a sowe waloweth in the stynkynge *gore pytte, or in the puddell.
a1649Drummond of Hawthornden Poems Wks. (1711) 37/1 *Gore-spangled ensigns steaming in the air.
1848T. A. Buckley Iliad 81 Mars, man-slayer, *gore-stained, stormer of walls.
▪ II. gore, n.2|gɔə(r)|
Forms: 4–6 goore, 4–9 Sc. and north. gare, 6–8 Sc. gair(e, 7–9 goar(e, 4– gore.
[OE. gára = MDu. ghere, gheere, etc. (Du. geer), OHG. gêro, kêro (MHG. gêre, Ger. gehren, gehre), ON. geire (Sw. dial. gere, Da. dial. gære), app. related to OE. gár spear (see gare n.1), the reference being to the shape of the spear-head. From OHG. the word passed into the Romanic languages; for the forms in these see gyron.]
1. A triangular piece of land.
†a. An angular point, a promontory. (OE. only.)
c893K. ælfred Oros. i. i. §26 Ispania land is þryscyte..An ðæra garena lið suðwest.
b. A wedge-shaped strip of land on the side of an irregular field (cf. quot. 1881). Now only dial.
[1235–52Rentalia Glaston. (Som. Rec. Soc.) 58 Radulfus tenet unam goram terræ. c1325in Kennett Par. Ant. (1818) I. 571 Duæ rodæ..scilicet le Gores super Shortefurlong.] 1523Fitzherb. Surv. xxi. 39, xxxvi landes, & thre gores fother or pyke, and they be all one thing. 1641Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 43 There is in it 14 through landes and two gares. 1793Trans. Soc. Arts XI. 52 Contained in the head lands and gores, or short lands. 1881Leicester Gloss. s.v., When a field, the sides of which are straight but not parallel, is divided into ‘lands’ or ‘leys’, the angular piece at the side is called a gore or pike. 1890Gloucester Gloss., Gores, the short ridges in an unevenly shaped ploughed field.
c. A small strip or tract of land lying between larger divisions. Chiefly U.S.
1650Fuller Pisgah i. ii. 34 Which gore or gusset of ground, was called Apherema, that is, a thing taken away, because parted from Samaria, and pieced to Judea. 1703Providence (R.I.) Records (1893) IV. 153 A heape of stones set for a south westerne Corner of a Goare, or Slipe of land. 1733Rhode Island Col. Records (1859) IV. 478 The gore of land (adjoining to Attleborough) in controversy between this colony and the Province of the Massachusetts Bay. 1818N. Mitchell in Mass. Hist. Coll. VII. 146 A small gore also on the east side of the town..was annexed to Pembroke June 7, 1754. 186.J. Draper Hist. Spencer (ed. 2) 12 A gore about one mile wide, lying between Leicester and Spencer. 1887G. W. Sears Forest Runes p. vii, What New Englanders call a ‘gore’,—a triangular strip of land that gets left out somehow when the towns are surveyed.
d. ? = gair, an isolated fertile strip.
1854Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. XV. ii. 395 Its locality is a narrow gore on the summit of the cinder-bed.
e. (See quots.)
1811Willan W. Riding Yorksh. Words in Archæol. XVII. (E.D.S.), Gore, the lowest part in a tract of country. 1888Berksh. Gloss., Gore, level low-lying land. Most parishes have a field called the ‘Gore’.
†2. poet. The front section of a skirt, wider at the bottom than at the top (cf. sense 3); the lap of a gown, an apron. Hence in extended sense: a skirt, petticoat, gown. Also in phrase under gore, under one's clothes (in ME. poetry often a mere expletive). (Cf. OF. geron, giron used in the same senses.) Obs.
a1250Owl & Night. 515 Habbe he isstunge under gore, Ne last his luve no lenger more. a1290in Horstmann Altengl. Leg. (1881) 222 Ich wolde I-witen nouþe Leuedi..Wi þe failleþ gore, Sleue and nammore Of cloþ þat ich I-se. a1300Siriz 5 Wis he wes of lore And gouthlich under gore And clothed in fair sroud. a1310in Wright Lyric P. 26 Glad under gore in gro ant in grys. c1320Sir Tristr. 2868 It was a ferly gin, So heye vnder hir gare It fleiȝe. c1386Chaucer Sir Thopas 78 An elf-queene shal my lemman be, And slepe vnder my goore. 1406Hoccleve La Male Regle 31 Had I thy power knowen or this yore..Nat sholde his lym han cleued to my gore. c1460Emare 198 Þat fayr lady Was godely unther gare. 1570Levins Manip. 174/7 A Gore, gremiale.
†b. The opening in the breast of a gown. (So MDu. ghere.) Obs.
a1529Skelton P. Sparowe 345 My byrde so fayre, That was wont to..go in at my spayre, And crepe in at my gore Of my gowne before.
3. Any wedge-shaped or triangular piece of cloth forming part of a garment and serving to produce the difference in width required at different points, esp. used to narrow a skirt at the waist (cf. sense 2).
c1325Gloss. W. de Biblesw. in Wright Voc. 172 Par devant avet escours E de coste sunt gerouns [gloss gores]. c1386Chaucer Miller's T. 51 A ceynt she werede..A barm⁓clooth (eek)..ful of many a goore. Ibid. 136 (Harl. MS.) A kirtel..Schapen with goores in the newe get. c1440Promp. Parv. 203/2 Goore of a clothe, lacinia. c1480Henryson Test. Cres. 179 His garmound and his gyte ful gay of grene, With goldin listis gilt on every gair. 1501Douglas Pal. Hon. i. x. 5 In purpour rob hemmit with gold ilk gair. 1530Palsgr. 226/2 Goore of a smocke, poynte de chemise. 1598Florio, Gheroni..the gores or gussets of a smocke or shirt, the side peeces of a cloke. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Gore, a piece of Linnen-cloth let into the sides of a Woman's Shift. 1853Kane Grinnell Exp. xx. (1856) 156 The sailors recognized it at once as the gore of a pair of trowsers. 1883Knowledge 13 July 30/1 The skirt..has four gores in front.
†b. A triangular piece (cut out of something).
c1330Arth. & Merl. (Kölbing) 6395 His scheld he clef, god it wot, & of his hauberk a gore & of his aketoun a fot & more.
4. Her. A charge formed by two curved lines meeting in the fesse-point, the one being drawn from the sinister or dexter chief and the other from the lowest angle of the base (cf. quot. 1562).
1562Leigh Armorie (1597) 72 b, He beareth Argent, a Gore Sinister Sable. He that is a coward to his enemie, must beare this, But if it be a dexter Gore, although of Staynand colour, yet it is a good cote for a gentlewoman. 1610J. Guillim Heraldry i. viii. (1660) 45 A Goare Sinister..This [abatement]..is due to him that is a Coward to his enemy. 1706in Phillips (ed. Kersey): and in mod. Dicts.
5. One of the many triangular or lune-shaped pieces that form the surface of a celestial or terrestrial globe, a balloon, the covering of an umbrella, the dome of a building, etc.
1796Specif. Russell's Patent No. 2144. 3 The globe being covered with printed gores. 1842–59Gwilt Archit. §2070 In polygonal domes the curves of the gore will bound the ends of the boards. 1864Athenæum No. 1933. 631/3 Seaming together the gores of his balloon. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. s.v. Globe, A very cheap paper globe is now met with, in which the printed gores are brought together edge to edge by a string. 1879Sir G. Scott Lect. Archit. II. 171 For each of the triangular gores of the dome we now substitute a vault.
6. Naut.
a. (See quot. 1851.)
1794Rigging & Seamanship I. 91 In sails with a roach⁓leech, the lower gores are longer. 1851Kipping Sailmaking (ed. 2) 184, Gores.—Angles cut slopewise at one or both ends of such cloths as widen or increase the depth of a sail.
b. ‘Angular pieces of plank inserted to fill up a vessel's planking at any part requiring it’ (Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. 1867).
1875Knight Dict. Mech., Gore, an angular piece of planking used in fitting the skin of a vessel to the frames.
7. Comb., as gore-coat (see quot. 1886); gore-furrow (see quot.).
1746Exmoor Scolding 154 (E.D.S.) Thy *Gore Coat oll a girred, thy Aead-Clathing oll a' foust. 1886Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. s.v. Gore, A gorecoat is a petticoat made so as to fit closely at the waist without gathering.
1844H. Stephens Bk. Farm I. 472 A *gore-furrow is a space made to prevent the meeting of two ridges, and as a substitute for an open furrow between them.
▪ III. gore, n.3
= gare n.1, a spear or javelin.
c1250[see gare]. 1886Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk., Gore, a long rod tipped with a small spear for driving oxen. Always so called.
▪ IV. † gore, n.4 Obs.
Also 7 goor.
[app. formed as sing. to gorce, the sibilant ending of which caused it to be taken as pl.]
= gorce.
1523Act 14 & 15 Hen. VIII, c. 13 Diuers newe weres, gores, stackes, and ingins haue bene leuied and enhaunsed. 1657Cotton's Abridgem. Records Tower 57 And now of late daily the said Rivers are stopped and turned aside by Goors, Mills, Piles and Pales.
▪ V. † gore, n.5 Obs.
In 6 gor, 7 goare.
[a. OF. gorre.]
= grandgore.
1552Lyndesay Monarche 5113 Vtheris strange Infirmeteis..As in the Gutt, grauell, and gor. 1614P. Forbes Eubulus viii. (1627) 152 A man hath the Goare in his Legge; which Legge, all-bee-it in an hudge degree festered, yet walketh and mooveth..Nowe, shall the Goare, heere, glorie, that [etc.].
▪ VI. gore, v.1|gɔə(r)|
Also 5–6 gor(re, 6–8 goar.
[Of obscure etymology; the view that it is f. gore, var. of gare n.1 spear, is plausible as to sense, but the early Sc. form gorre appears to disprove it.]
†1. trans. To pierce or stab deeply, with a sharp weapon, spike, spur, or the like. Obs. exc. as in 2.
a1400–50Alexander 3645 Þare was..many of Perses Gorred..& grysely woundid. c1400Sege Jerus. (E.E.T.S.) 941 Þe newe emperour..alle þe cite drowe hym; & suþ gored þe gome, þat his guttes alle..in-to his breche felle. c1450Holland Howlat lxv, I am vngraciously gorrit, baith guttis and gall. 1460J. Capgrave Chron. 189 As he rode ovyr the brigge on was beneth and with a spere gored him. 1513Douglas æneis ii. x. 186 Cruell Pirrus, Quhilk..gorris the fader at the altair but grace. 1535Coverdale Ezek. xxiii. 46 These shal stone them, and gorre them with their sweardes. a1566Merie Tales in Skelton's Wks. (1843) I. Introd. 63 The freere felt hys bellye, &..thought hee had ben gored, and cried out..I am kylled. 1573Satir. Poems Reform. xl. 375 With Gun and Gainȝe thocht thay boist to gor ȝow [rimes with befoir ȝow]. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. vii. 13 The sacred Diademe in peeces rent, And purple robe gored with many a wound. 1600Holland Livy xxxv. xxxv. (1609) 910 He ran with full carriere at him, gored his horse [L. transfixo equo]. 1664H. More Myst. Iniq. 474 They gore and spurre up the Ass to goe that way. 1690in Wood Life 30 Aug., The two horses..pawed over the iron spikes... Their leggs are goar'd. 1725Pope Odyss. xi. 713 Two ravenous vultures..Incessant gore the liver in his breast. 1735Somerville Chase ii. 229 Our lab'ring Steeds We press, we gore. 1798Coleridge Fears in Solit. 119 As if the fibres of this godlike frame Were gored without a pang. 1820Scott Monast. x., No sooner didst thou fall to the ground mortally gored, as he deemed, with his weapon, than [etc.].
transf. and fig.a1591R. Greenham Wks. (1599) 48 Wee must rather winne men with a louing admonition, then gore them with a sharpe reprehension. 1675Hobbes Odyss. (1677) 23 The ship the sea then gores: The water..wounded and broken roars. 1736Machin in Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men (1841) I. 299 It has gored me to think that I was perpetually liable to a just charge of never finishing any thing.
†b. With various constructions: To impale upon; to dig or scoop out of. Obs.
1618Bolton Florus iii. x. (1636) 206 Such of the defendents as durst sally out being either cut in peeces in the trenches with the sword, or goared upon the stakes. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. ix. Ded., Where the violence of the waters aggested the earth, goared out of the hollow valleys.
2. spec. Of a horned animal (esp. a bull or ox): To pierce with the horns. Also, rarely, of a boar: To wound with the tusk.
1523Fitzherb. Husb. §70 For els the beastes with theyr hornes, wyll put bothe the horses and the shepe, and gore them in theyr bellyes. 1722Sewel Hist. Quakers (1795) II. vii. 62 The bull then gored him again with his horns. 1725Pope Odyss. xix. 527 His tusks oblique he aim'd the knee to goar. 1810T. Cogan Ethical Treat. Passions ii. §1 (1813) III. 105 We ascribe vices..to an ox that attempts to gore the attendants. 1834Pringle Afr. Sk. iv. 188 My father narrowly escapes being gored by a furious ox. 1865Livingstone Zambesi xiv. 301 It is the nature of bulls to gore each other.
transf. and fig.1641J. Jackson True Evang. T. ii. 112 Aquinas..was called bos mutus, a dumbe Oxe; and..with two hornes..gored all unbeleevers. 1646S. Marshall Def. Inf. Baptism 87 How you avoid being goared by the three hornes of my Syllogisme. 1838Syd. Smith 2nd Let. to Archd. Singleton 11 Billingsgate controversialists, who have tossed and gored an Unitarian. 1841Longfellow Wreck Hesp. xviii, The cruel rocks, they gored her side Like the horns of an angry bull.
b. absol.; † also intr. to gird at.
1626Middleton Anything for Quiet Life v. i. 144 Your wit is still goring at my lady's projects. 1759Adam Smith Mor. Sent. ii. iii. 213 The dog that bites, the ox that gores, are both of them punished. 1818Scott Rob Roy xxi, He's like Giles Heathertap's auld boar; ye need but shake a clout at him to make him turn and gore. 1892Blackw. Mag. Apr. 556 Five or six bulls had stamped and roared and gored and died.
▪ VII. † gore, v.2 Obs.
Also 6–7 goar.
[f. gore n.1]
Only in gored, goring.
1. trans. To cover with or as with gore, to besmear with, to dabble in blood. Only in pa. pple.
1566Drant Wail. Hierem. K viij b, Preists seruisable to Idols, and gorde in blessed blood. a1592H. Smith Wks. (1867) II. 338 His sides imbrued and gored with his own blood. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. vii. xvii. §6. 289 The Battels ioyned, and the Field goared with bloud, the day was lost vpon the Kings side. 1622J. Reynolds God's Rev. agst. Murder ii. vii. 87 We haue seene the Theatre of this History, gored with great variety of bloud. 1655Theophania 90 Many of them..lay gored in their own blood.
2. intr. To lie soaking in blood.
1577Stanyhurst Descr. Irel. in Holinshed 27/1 They left them goaring in their bloud..and gasping up their flitting ghosts.
Hence ˈgoring ppl. a., that forms gore = gory.
1575Churchyard Chippes (1817) 206 Goring bloode had glutted gasers eye.
▪ VIII. gore, v.3|gɔə(r)|
Also 6 goor.
[f. gore n.2; cf. Du. geeren, G. gehren.]
1. trans. To cut into a gore or gores; to furnish with gores.
1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII (an. 19) (1550) 166 Cloth of gold..set wyth cut warkes of clothe of syluer plyghted goord fret and folded eche cloth vpon other. 1794Rigging & Seamanship I. 91 Sails, gored with a sweep. 1879Scribner's Mag. XIX. 426/2, I should take out two of the back breadths for an over-skirt—yes—an' gore the others! 1893G. Hill Hist. Eng. Dress II. 270 The next fashion was to gore the skirts in every width.
†2. Naut. intr. To swell or jut out. Obs.
1627Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. vii. 32 The Clew is..that which comes goring out from the square of the saile.
3. trans. To plough a ‘gore’. (See goring vbl. n.2)
▪ IX. gore
variant of gaur. |