| 释义 |
† umbe-, prefix
(also 3 ummbe-, 4–5 vmbe-, 5 vnbe-, unbe-, 6 Sc. wmbe-, ombe-; 4 vnbi-, 4–5 vmbi-, 5 vmby-, unby-, 6 Sc. onby-),
partly (in southern ME. texts) representing OE. ymbe- (see prec.), but chiefly either an extended form of umb- (cf. prec.) or a combination of um- with be-. Forms with the double prefix (ommebe- or ombe-) are very common in Middle Dutch, not infrequent in older Danish (ombe-), and occur occasionally in MLG.; it is possible that their prevalence in MDu. may have contributed to the extensive use of such forms in ME. Originally the um- was probably added to verbs which already had the prefix be- (as beclip, belap, etc.), and in most cases the two forms (with be- and umbe-) coexist with the same signification. In addition to those treated as main words (viz. umbecast, -clip, -go, -lap, -lay, -set, -think) the following examples occur in ME. texts chiefly of the 14th and 15th centuries:—umbebraid, to turn round; umbecarve, to circumcise; umbeclap, to embrace, to enclose; umbeclead, to clothe, wrap up; umbeclose, to enclose, enwrap; umbedelve, to dig round; umbedraw, to withdraw; umbefold, to surround, to embrace; umbegang, to go round, to surround; umbegild, to gild about; umbegive, to surround; umbegrip, to grasp; umbegrow, to grow round, overgrow; umbelie, to surround; umbelook, to look about; umbelouk, to include, comprehend; umbepitch, umbereach, to surround; umberow, to row about; umberun, to surround; umbeshadow, to shade about; umbeshear, to circumcise; umbeshine, to shine about; umbesiege, to besiege, environ; umbespread, to spread about; umbestand, to stand round, surround; umbeswey, to encircle; umbethonre, to encompass, surround; umbetigh, to encircle, surround; umbeviron, to environ; umbewalt, to surround; umbeweave, to enwrap; umbewend, to imbed, enclose; umbewet, to wet about.
Of these the following have parallels with the compound prefix (um-be-) in the cognate languages:—umbeclead, MDu. ommebecleden (p.p. -cleet); umbegrip, older Da. ombegribe (cf. MDu. ombegrijp n.); umbelie, MLG. ummebeliggen; umbelook, NFris. ombiluke; umbelouk, MDu. omme-, ombeluken (p.p. -beloken); umbeshine, MDu. ombeschijnen; umbestand, NFris. ombistunn, MDu. omme-, ombestaen (p.p.); umbetigh, NFris. ombitiin. Several of these, and many of the others, also correspond in sense to OE. formations with ymb- (less commonly ymbe-) or to equivalent forms in the other languages, e.g. umbecarve, OE. ymbceorfan; umbedelve, (OE. ymbᵹedelf n.), MDu. and Du. omdelven; umbegang, OE. ymbgangan, OFris. ummegunga, OHG. umbigangan, etc.: cf. the examples given under um-.
13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 1622 When he com bifore þe kyng & clanly had halsed, Baltazar *vmbe-brayde hym & ‘leue sir’, he sayde.
a1240Lofsong in O.E. Hom. I. 207 Ich bide þe..bi his blodi rune þat ron,..In *umbekeoruunge, in his blod swetunge.
a1400Morte Arth. 1779 Thane syr Cador of Cornewayle *Umbeclappes the cors, and kyssez hyme ofte. a1400–50Alexander 4171 Þan vmbyclappis þaim a cloude & couirs all ouire.
c1400Anturs of Arth. x. (Thornton MS.), Alle glowede als gledis the gaste whare scho glydis, *Vmbyclede in a clowde.
c1400Ibid. ix. (Ireland MS.), Alle bare was the body, and blak by the bone, *Vmbeclosut in a cloude, in clething evyl clad.
c1440Pallad. on Husb. iii. 533 Ek now is to repare Rosayres olde & drynesse of to pare. Now *vmbedelue hem. Ibid. iv. 324 In heruest & in ver hem vmbidelue.
1456Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 53 Thai war fayn..to *unbedraw thame agayne to thair pavilliones. 1513Douglas æneid xii. Prol. 6 Mars onbydrew, for all his grundin glave.
13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 181 Fayre fannand fax *vmbe-foldes his schulderes. 14..Siege Jerus. (E.E.T.S.) 12/219 To seint Peter þe pope ȝo platte to þe grounde, Vmbe-felde his fete, & to þe freke saide.
c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 191 Alse þe apostle seið..Ðurch onde com deað in to þe worelde al *umbegonge. c1440tr. Palladius on Husb. iv. 437 With seefroth other haue hem vmbiyonge [L. circumdederunt].
a1400–50Alexander 4899 Ȝit was a mynstir on þe mounte of metall as þe nobill, *Vmbegildid with a garden of golden vynes.
a1400in Hampole's Psalter (1884) p. xviii, For *vmbegyuen me hathe euels of þe whiche noumber is noght.
a1400Morte Arth. 3758 Bot sir Gawayne..*Vmbegrippys a spere, and to a gome rynnys. Ibid. 3944 Sir Gawayne..Vmbegrippede the girse, and one grouffe fallene.
13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 488 A bronch of olyue, Gracyously *vmbe-grouen al with grene leuez.
Ibid. B. 836 Þe borȝ was al vp;..To *vmbe-lyȝe lothez hous þe ledez to take.
a1300Cursor M. 8468 O prouerbes es þat toþer boke, Þat lers man him *vm-biloke Agains þis werld wikcedhede. Ibid. 23705 Yee cristen men, yow vmbilok,..O yur lijf þat yee her lede. a1400Pistill of Susan 291 Vmbiloke ȝou, lordes, such lawes ben leiþ.
1357Lay Folks Catech. (T.) 259 This ten Comandementz that I haue nowe rekend Er *umbilouked in twa of the godspell.
13..E.E. Allit. P. A. 1052 Þe hyȝe trone þer moȝt ȝe hede With alle þe apparaylmente *vmbepyȝte.
1513Douglas æneid ii. x. 155 The fader of goddis and king of men With thunderis blast me smate..And with his fyry lewyne me *wmberauch. Ibid. vi. i. 134 Thocht..hard fortoun has wmberaucht The Troianis, and persewit vnfreindfully.
c1205Lay. 114 Eneas þe duc, mid his driht folcke,..moni lond *umbe-rowen.
c1440Pallad. on Husb. i. 324 Wyth orchard, or with gardyn, or with mede, Se that thyn hous with hem be *vmbironne.
14..With an O and an I in Anglia XXVII. 286 Þe haly gast..*Vmbeschadow þe sall wiþouten ony syn. c1450Mirk's Festial 106 Þe Holy Gost wythouten any werke of man, þat schall vmbeschadow þe wythout.
c1200Ormin 4132 Þatt cnif wass..Forr *tummbesherenn shapp þærwiþþ Off þeȝȝre cnapechilldre. Ibid. 4080 To wurrþenn ummbeshorenn, swa To clennsenn hemm off sinne.
13..E.E. Allit. P. C. 455 Þe schyre sunne hit *vmbe-schon.
1422Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 182 The grete lordis of laynyster, seynge har Prynce i-putte to myschefe, and in euery Partie *vmbesegid wyth enemys. 1513Douglas æneid x. ii. 85 The Troiane adulterar Ombesegyt the cite of Spartha.
c1400Laud Troy Bk. 10563 Alle that feld was *vmbesprade Off dede knyȝtes.
c1300Havelok 1875 Huwe rauen..saw how þe laddes wode Hauelok his louerd *umbistode, And beten on him.
13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 1380 Þe bourȝ [Babylon] was so brod & so bigge alce,..*Vmbe-sweyed on vch a syde with seuen grete wateres.
a1400–50Alexander 3857 Þan come he streke on a staunke..*Umby-thonred with a thike wod thre mile a-boute. Ibid. 4806 Þai ware vmbe-thonrid in þat thede with slike a thike cloude, Þat þai miȝt fele it with þaire fiste.
13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 770 A castel..Pyched on a prayere, a park al aboute, With a pyked palays, pyned ful þik, Þat *vmbe-teȝe mony tre mo þen two myle.
1375Barbour Bruce xi. 640 (Edin. MS.), I will me speid To help hym, for he has ned; All *umbeweround with hys fayis is he.
13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 1181 Þe gentylest of Iudee in Ierusalem [he] biseged, *Vmbe-walt alle þe walles wyth wyȝes ful stronge.
13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 581 Þe brawden bryne of bryȝt stel ryngez, *Vmbe-weued þat wyȝ, vpon wlonk stuffe. 1338R. Brunne Chron. (1725) I. 117 A hede þat was of smyten,..þis squier..sette it on a spere, in an orfreis vnbiweued.
c1440Pallad. on Husb. xii. 221 The rootis wel in dongynge *vmbiwende. In faat lond moyst thei ioyfulliche ascende.
Ibid. iii. 675 The rootes ek ycutte & *vmbiwette With donge is good her spryngyng forto glade.
b. In the advs. umbetrin, -turn, round about.
c1200Ormin 17563 Onn heffness whel all ummbetrin, Þurrh Godd tatt swillc itt wrohhte. 13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 184 A much berd as a busk ouer his brest henges, Þat wyth his hiȝlich here, þat of his hed reches, Was euesed al vmbe-torne, a-bof his elbowes. |