| 释义 |
Umayyad, n. and a.|ʊˈmɑːjæd|
Also α. Umeiyad; β. Om(m)ay(y)ad, Omeyyad, Ommiyan, etc.
[f. the name of Umayya, ancestor of Muhammad.]
A. n. A member of a Muslim dynasty which ruled the Empire of the Caliphate from 660 (or 661) to 750 and founded an emirate in Spain in 756.
B. adj. Of or pertaining to this dynasty.
1758tr. de Marigny's Hist. Arabians II. 331 The descendants of Abbas had always refused to acknowledge the Ommiyans as lawful Caliphs. Ibid. III. 5 Abdollah..vented his rage on the tombs of the Ommiyan Caliphs. 1788,1872[see Abbasid, -ide a. and n.]. 1907D. S. Margoliouth tr. Zaydán's Umayyads & ῾Abbásids ii. 63 The pivot on which the policy of the Umayyads turned..was the recovery of the sovereignty which they had enjoyed in pagan days. Ibid., The Umayyad desire for exclusive sovereignty..led them to commit many acts which blacken their memories. 1924W. Muir Caliphate (ed. 2) lx. 432 In passing from the Umeiyad to the ῾Abbāsid Caliphate, we reach..a fresh departure... The first new feature is, that while the Umeiyad Caliphate..was co-ordinate with the limits of Islām, this is no longer true of the ῾Abbāsid. Ibid. 433 Of the Umeiyads, the Syrians remained the last support. 1927D. Hogarth in Lett. Gertrude Bell I. xiii. 353 Her journey was a pioneer venture which..cast much new light on the history of the Syrian desert frontiers under Roman, Palmyrene, and Ummayad domination. 1950B. Lewis Arabs in Hist. iv. 68 Umayyad society was based on the domination of the Arabs. Ibid. 78 The last of the Umayyads, Marwān II.., was a clever and capable ruler, but he had come too late to save the dynasty. 1975F. Heer Charlemagne & his World viii. 106 In 750 the Ommayyad dynasty was overthrown by the Abbassids, descendants of Mohammed's uncle... One Ommayyad..escaped the massacre of his dynasty in Baghdad..and made his way to Spain, where he became emir. 1981Economist 24 Jan. 43/1 It is taken for granted that present day Damascus and Baghdad automatically oppose each other because of the hostility between the Ummayad and Abbasid dynasties 1,200 years ago. |