| 释义 |
rhumb Naut.|rʌm, rʌmb|
Also 6 romb, pl. rumby, 6–9 rumb, 7 rhombe, r(h)umbe, romb(e, roomb(e, 7–8 rhomb, rum.
[ad. F. rumb or Sp. rumbo, Pg. rumbo, rumo, ad. L. rhombus rhombus.
In the first quot. rumby is app. intended as a pl. of Sp. or Pg. rumbo.]
†1.
a. The line followed by a vessel sailing on one course or a wind blowing continuously in one direction.
b. Any one of the set of lines drawn through a point on a map or chart and indicating the course of an object moving always in the same direction. Obs. exc. Hist.
1578Digges Cælestiall Orbes P, These vulgare marine Charters delineate with Parallele meridianes, and right lined Rumby. 1594Blundevil Exerc., Art. Navig. xxiv. 330 The common Mariners doe deuide euery point of the compasse into foure quarters to make the more exact account of their Routes or Rombes. 1599E. Wright Haven-finding Art 5 When they..which in sayling folow the lines shewing the courses (which lines because now they haue found the name among the Portugales we cal Rumbs). 1601T. Olyver Planisphere 96 The Longitudes and Latitudes of any two places being giuen, to finde their direction commonlie called the Rumbe. 1611Cotgr., Arrumér, to delineate, or set out, in a sea-card, all the Rums of winds. 1653H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. l. 195 We had now held this course five dayes, running with much labour by many different roombs. a1672Wren in Gutch Coll. Cur. I. 232 The course, which was afterward steered, proved to be a false Rumbe. 1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. I, Rumb, or Course of a Ship, is the Angle which she makes in her Sailing with the Meridian of the Place where she is. 1796Morse Amer. Geogr. I. 49 Observe..what rhumb of the nearest fly runs mostly parallel to the edge of the quadrant, and that rhumb shews nearly the bearing required. 1841[see c]. 1903Edin. Rev. Oct. 436 The laying of the rhumbs on Columbus's chart.
c. One of the principal points of the compass.
1594Blundevil Exerc. iii. i. xix. 155 What time..that Sunne or saide starre commeth to the true East or anye other rombe. 1644Digby Nat. Bodies xx. (1658) 221 At certain times of the year winds do blow more violently..from some determinate part or Romb of the world. 1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. i. ii. 3 The Compass contains..16 distinct Rhombs or Courses. 1677Sir T. Herbert Trav. 8 An anniversary wind that from one Rhomb constantly blows one way six Months. 1795Hutton Math. Dict. II. 373/1 Rhumbs..coincide with points of the world, or of the horizon. 1841Penny Cycl. XIX. 484/1 A rumb is one of the thirty-two principal compass directions, and to sail on any rumb is to sail continually on one course. 1860Maury Phys. Geog. §765 Not due north, but to the east of that rhomb. 1876R. F. Burton Gorilla L. I. 230 Thence it struck south-eastward, a rhumb from which it rarely deviated.
†d. fig. A course of action. Obs.
1666G. Harvey Morb. Angl. Pref. 2 The rombs I steer'd by in my endeavors to arrive to a point. 1772Nugent Hist. Fr. Gerund I. 44 If thou ever knew that any of the..sacred writers followed the diabolical rhumb which thou followest to correct bad preachers?
2. The angular distance between two successive points of the compass, = 11° 15′.
1625N. Carpenter Geogr. Del. i. iii. (1635) 66 At Guinea the magneticall needle inclines to the East, a third part of one Rumbe of the Compasse. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. ii. ii. 64 At London it [sc. the needle] varieth eleven degrees, that is almost one Rhomb. 1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. I, Rumb, in Navigation, is one Point of the Compass, or 111/4 Degrees. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. s.v., The circle of 360° is divided into 32 points or rhumbs.
3. attrib.: rhumb-line = senses 1 a, b; rhumb-sailing, sailing on a rhumb-line.
1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. iv. v. 159 The Rhomb-line, if it were drawn, will be ordered to pass through F the Cross. 1780Falconer Dict. Marine, Rhomb-line, a line prolonged from any point of the compass on a nautical chart, except the four cardinal points. 1795Hutton Math. Dict. II. 373/1 The chief property of the Rhumb-line, or loxodromia,..is, that it cuts all the meridians in the same angle. This angle is called the angle of the Rhumb, or the loxodromic angle. 1834Navigation (Libr. Usef. Knowl.) ii. iv. 25 Required the direct course, and distance on a rhumb line, from London to Naples. 1841Penny Cycl. XIX. 484/2 In such a chart [sc. Mercator's] all rumb-lines are projected into straight lines; but equal parts on any such straight line do not represent equal distances on the earth. 1891Patterson Naut. Dict. s.v. Sailings, Under this head are classed rhumb, great circle, plane and spherical sailings. |