| 释义 |
▪ I. ultra, a. and n.|ˈʌltrə|
[Independent use of ultra-, orig. as an abbreviation of F. ultra-royaliste, and app. mainly due to Lady Morgan. Cf. F. ultra n. (in senses B. 1 and 2).]
A. adj.
1. Ultra-royalist.
1817Lady Morgan France ii. (1818) I. 225 The gradual alteration in tone and manner of the ultra circles, during my residence at Paris, was extremely obvious. 1818― Autobiog. (1859) 236 The ministry, it is thought, will be ultra. 1819Helen M. Williams Lett. France 195 No sooner did the tidings..reach Nismes, than the Ultra-party seized a pretext for new disturbances. 1828Lytton Pelham xv, Monsieur d'A―, a man of much conversational talent and some celebrity as an ultra writer.
2. Of persons or parties: Holding extreme views in politics or other matters of opinion.
1820H. Matthews Diary of Invalid (ed. 2) 492 Shifting its support as it may find danger from the encroachment of either of the ultra parties of the state. 1837Lockhart Scott (1839) IX. 119 The lofty impartiality with which Scott treats the personal character of Buonaparte was of course sure to make all ultra-politicians at home and abroad condemn his representation. 1864J. H. Newman Apol. 401 The said authority may be supported by a violent ultra-party.
3. Going beyond what is usual or ordinary; excessive, extreme, immoderate.
attrib.1818in Lady Morgan's Autobiog. (1859) 213 It will afford me equal pleasure if Lady Morgan should turn into ridicule, and excite to ultra rage, those who are envious of her. 1824W. Irving T. Trav. II. 147 A little wearied by this story, and by the ultra zeal of his countrymen. 1834Sir W. Hamilton Discuss. (1853) 502 Bishop Marsh,..whom no one assuredly will suspect of aught but ultra reverence to the Church of England.
pred.1819Metropolis III. 122 The term over-dressed does not mean over-clad, but applies to their being ultra in the caricature of fashion. 1864Lowell Lincoln Prose Wks. 1890 V. 187 All that he did was sure to be virulently attacked as ultra by one side. 1884Jefferies Life of Fields 246 It is so great and ponderous, and ultra in size.
4. Expressive of extreme views.
1827Scott Let. to Lockhart 26 Apr., I own I thin Ultra-writing only disgusts people, unless it is in the way of a downright invective.
B. n.
1. An ultra-royalist (in France).
1817Lady Morgan France ii. (1818) I. 237 The royalists abuse the ultras; the ultras abuse the government; the constitutionalist laugh at both. 1821Moore Mem. (1853) III. 253 Went with Villamil to dine with General Fuller at Versailles; a party of ultras. 1831in Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. (1842) I. 475, I remember a deputy, a good ultra too, once saying..that Charles X was losing the confidence and affection of his people. 1864Month I. 357 She [Madame Récamier] equally welcomed ultras and liberals.
2. One who holds extreme opinions, particularly in religion or politics.
1823H. More Let. in R. B. Johnson Lett. Hannah More (1925) 201 My friend F. is an ultra of the first magnitude. The poor must not only read English, but ancient history, and even the sciences are to be laid open to them. 1826Scott Diary 20 Jan., Making mutual concessions and balancing the constitution against the ultras of both parties. 1829Blackw. Mag. XXV. 273 It must therefore stigmatize every man who..acts upon principle as an Ultra and a person of extreme opinions. 1860Froude Hist. Eng. V. 391 To the last he was considered by the ultras as timid and intellectually weak. 1884American IX. 69 The ultras of their own party denounce the Ministry as having betrayed their friends.
3. One who goes to the extreme of fashion.
1819F. MacDonogh Hermit in Lond. I. 55 Bad horsemen and pedestrian women, ultras in conceit and in dress. 1825T. Hook Sayings Ser. ii. Passion & Princ. v, Even the parson dined at five, and he was the village ultra in points of fashion and etiquette. 1828P. Cunningham N.S. Wales (ed. 3) II. 112 Cards are ceremoniously left, and rules of precedence..punctiliously insisted on by some of our ultras.
Add:[B.] 4. A long-distance run of great length, spec. one longer than a marathon. Cf. ultramarathon s.v. ultra- 4 b. colloq. (orig. U.S.).
1977Washington Post 28 July d9/4 Nowadays the most popular ultra is the 50-mile... With a distance nearly double the marathon, it scares most runners from ever attempting it. 1986Marathon & Distance Runner June 54/2 Mick had been forced to quit the Brighton at 32 miles but he was determined to have another crack at the ultras. 1987Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 16 Jan. (Great Outdoors Suppl.) 8/3 The seven days of walks and talks, jogs and hard runs, with an optional ‘ultra’ over 60 kilometres..will be held from March 22. 1990USA Today 7 June 12c For the average runner, it's not as hard to complete an ultra as it is to complete a good marathon.
▪ II. ‖ ˈultra, prep.
[L. ultrā beyond. Cf. F., Pg. ultra, It. oltre.]
1. In the phr. ultra vires |ˈvaɪəriːz|, beyond the powers or legal authority (of a person, etc.; also used with ellipse of for).
1793[Earl Dundonald] Descr. Estate Culross 59 This has proved, and must always prove, ultra vires or any one individual. 1806G. Hutcheson Treat. Justice of Peace, etc. II. 564 note, This judgment has been appealed from, as ultra vires, as far as regards the directions for building the cruive dike. 1884Law Times LXXVIII. 116/1 It was not ultra vires the directors to advance money on such security.
2. Lying beyond. (Cf. ultra- 1 c.)
1876Law Times Rep. XXXIV. 697/2 Here she was asked to do something which was no part of her service..it being something ultra her service to go to the kitchen. 1883Ch. Times XXI. 939/2 As the human eye is sensible only of impressions of light ranging from red to violet, it follows that we cannot be conscious of any hue ultra either of these.
3. In the L. phr. ultra crepidam |ˈkrɛpɪdæm| [see ultra-crepidarian a. and n.], on matters beyond one's knowledge.
1883G. M. Hopkins Let. 7 Nov. (1956) 332 Pope was the great master of metre of his day,..but..he was nothing ultra crepidam. 1895Econ. Jrnl. V. 589 Meeker than the ancient master, he has refrained from breaking out against the criticisms which have been ultra crepidam. |