| 释义 |
‖ ulema|uːləˈmɑː, ˈuːləmə, uː-, juːˈliːmə|
Also 7 ulemi, 9 oulema, uhlema, oolama, ulama.
[a. Arab. (also Turk. and Pers.) ﻋulemā, pl. of ﻋālim knowing, learned, f. ﻋalama to know. Hence also Sp. Ulema, Pg. Ulemas, F. Uléma.]
1. pl. or collect. Those who have had special training in the knowledge of Muslim religion and law, and are regarded by Muslims as the authorities on these matters; spec. the body of Muslim doctors under the headship of the Sheik-ul-islam, which exercised great political influence in the Turkish empire.
1688Lond. Gaz. No. 2313/2 The next day was a great Consultation held with the Ulemi or Interpreters of their Law. 1768Sir J. Porter Observ. Turks Pref. (1771) 30 They have the Ulema..composed of all the members of the church or law; a body of men..who stand as an intermediate order between the prince and people. 1803Edin. Rev. II. 292 Russia, and imperial Rome, had its prætorian guards. Turkey has its uhlema. 1848Layard Nineveh (1849) I. Introd. p. xxiv, The ulema having at length pronounced that these figures were the idols of the infidels, the Mohammedans..destroyed them. 1892Tennyson Akbar's Dream 45 But our Ulama..Are like wild brutes new-caged.
attrib.1847Mrs. A. Kerr tr. Ranke's Hist. Servia v. 89 The establishment of the influence of some great Ulema families which had become almost hereditary. 1888Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 654/2 The juridical and spiritual precepts of the Koran and its ῾ulemá interpreters.
2. A Muslim doctor or divine.
a1843in Southey Comm.-pl. Bk. Ser. ii. (1849) 350 A great part of the oulemas and of the people in office delayed not to partake of this luxury. 1848W. K. Kelly tr. L. Blanc's Hist. Ten Y. I. 260 The divan was rescued from the mystic domination of the ulemas. 1882Macm. Mag. XLVI. 474 The army was accompanied by a number of moullas and ulemas. |