| 释义 |
▪ I. udder|ˈʌdə(r)|
Forms: α. 1 udr-, 4 vddre, 5 vddyr (6 Sc. vdyr), 5–7 vdder (6 vtter, odder), 6– udder; 5–6 uther (9 Sc.), 6 other. β. 5 iddyr, 6 ydder.
[OE. úder (once), = OS. ûdar, ûder-, MLG. (LG.) ûder, MDu. ūder, uyder (Du. uier, uijer, WFlem. eur; cf. WFris. ûr teat), OHG. ûtar (and ûtiro), MHG. ûter and iuter (G. euter):—OTeut. *ūđr-, = Gr. οὖθαρ, Skr. ūdhar, -as (also ūdhan), L. ūber. By unexplained consonant change the corresponding ON. form is júgr ewer3, yure. It is doubtful whether an OTeut. variant, or an entirely different stem, is represented by OFris. iader (EFris. jader, jæder, NFris. jidder, etc., WFris. jaer), older Du. jadder (dial. jaar), OS. geder, MLG. geder, jeder (LG. jidder, judder). In English the original long vowel has been regularly shortened before the consonant-group -der.]
1. a. The pendulous baggy organ, provided with two or more teats or nipples, by which the milk is secreted in certain female animals.
a1000Kentish Gl. 203 Uberibus, of udrum. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xviii. xviii. (Bodl. MS.), Þe Camel haþ foure tettes and tweyne vddres as þe cowe haþ. a1425tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula, etc. 12 Wolle þat groweth atuix þe leggez of ane ewe about þe vdder. c1440Promp. Parv. 258/2 Iddyr, or vddyr of a beeste, Uber. 1515Barclay Egloges iv. (1570) C iij b/2 Your cowes others of milke replete and full. Ibid. C iiij/1 Leane be my lambes,..And yet their dammes they dayly sucke so dry, That from the uthers no licoure can we wring. c1518Skelton Magnyf. 1814, I saw a fox sucke on a kowes ydder; And with a lyme rodde I toke them bothe togyder. c1534in Suss. Star Chamber Proc. (1913) 21 The..Kyn were in suche payn for lake of mylkyng that the mylke rane oute of there odderens and so lyke to be all perishte. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. iii. (1586) 139 b, The Lambe..must be sette on foote, and put to the dammes vdder. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage iv. xi. 349 Next to the doore on the womens side..there is an Image with a Cowes Vdder for the women,..on the other side another with a Mares Vdder for the men. 1665Boyle Occas. Refl. iv. iii. 16, I..approach'd the place where the fair Milk-maid was solliciting the Udder of a fresh Cow. 1684Lond. Gaz. No. 1910/4 A Red Cow of about 5 or 6 years old, with a White Udder. c1720W. Gibson Farrier's Guide i. ii. (1738) 19 The Udder is another part peculiar to a Mare. 1773Johnson in Boswell (1831) III. 47 Milk pressed from the swelling udder by the gentle hand of the beauteous milk-maid. 1799Med. Jrnl. I. 314 A spurious cow-pox..arising from pustules on the nipples or udder of the cow. 1847W. C. L. Martin Ox 41/1 A twin heifer..which..was very handsome, with a well-formed udder, and was a good milker. 1867Baker Nile Trib. v. (1872) 75 The distended udders of thousands of camels were an assurance of plenty.
b. This part of an animal as an article of food.
1474in Househ. Ord. (1790) *32 The purveyors of beeves and muttons..hath to theire fees the oxe heads, muttons heades, the rumpes of every beefe, and the intrayles of every beaste excepte the oxe feete, and the uthers. 1598Epulario J iiij, Fifteene Egs, with a Cowes Udder wel sodden. 1660Pepys Diary 11 Oct., Mr. Creed and I to the Leg in King Street, where he and I, and my Will had a good udder to dinner. 1675H. Woolley Gentlew. Comp. 158/1 Neats tongue and Udder roasted. 1721Queen's Closet 99 To Roast a Cows Udder. 1842A. Combe Physiol. Digestion (ed. 4) 35 Four pounds of cow's udder and ten pounds of raw beef.
2. poet. (in pl.) A dug or teat. rare.
1582Stanyhurst æneis ii. (Arb.) 55 Theyre whelps neere starued ar eager And expect vdders with dry iaws. 1600Shakes. A.Y.L. iv. iii. 115 Vnder which bushes shade A Lyonesse, with vdders all drawne drie, Lay cowching head on ground. 1887Bowen Virg. Ecl. iii. 30 Twice each day she is milked; though still at her udders we leave Two young calves.
3. The breast of a woman. rare.
a1704T. Brown Pleas Lett. to Gent. Wks. 1709 III. ii. 16 Their Udders swagging down to their Navils. 1933Dylan Thomas Let. Nov. (1966) 53 Farmers' boys pressed amorously upon the udders of their dairymaids.
4. attrib. and Comb., as udder-cattle, udder-flank, udder part; udder-clap, inflammation in the udder; udder-ill (see quot. 1847); udder-lock n. (see quot. a 1808); v. trans., to pull away the wool from the udders of (sheep).
a1722Lisle Husb. (1757) 214 The oak-buds killed five of the udder-cattle. Ibid. 345 It was the udder-flank, or throat, that they usually bit the sheep in. 1798R. Douglas Agric. Roxb. 156 note, All sheep are udder-locked, as it is here called, that being thought refreshing and salutary. 1806A. Hunter Culina (ed. 3) 256 Under the udder part of a leg of veal, there is a large piece of meat. a1808Essays Highl. Soc. III. 250 (Jam.) Udderlocks are the wool plucked from the udder. 1825Jamieson, Udder-clap, a sort of schirrous tumour affecting the udder of ewes, by an unexpected return of milk after being sometime eild. Teviotd. 1844H. Stephens Bk. Farm II. 620 After recovery from lambing, the only complaint the ewe is subject to is inflammation in the udder, or udder-clap, or garget. 1847W. C. L. Martin Ox 172/2 Loss of milk, or milk of a disgusting taste and odour, and consequently unfit for use, results from derangement of the digestive organs, and especially from morbid affections of the fourth stomach, and the animal is said to labour under ‘udder-ill’.
Hence ˈudderful a., having a full udder; n., as much (milk) as an udder will hold. ˈudderless a., unsuckled, motherless.
1818Keats Endym. i. 210 All ye gentle girls who foster up Udderless lambs. 1879Meredith Egoist Prelude, Listen..to an unleavened society: a low as of the udderful cow past milking hour! 1922Joyce Ulysses 416 Drink, man, an udderful!
▪ II. udder, -ir
dial. and obs. Sc. forms of other. |