| 释义 |
germanium Chem.|dʒəˈmeɪnɪəm|
[mod.L., f. Germānus German a.2]
A hard, brittle, semi-metallic element, greyish-white in colour, which has chemical properties intermediate between those of silicon and tin and is used esp. as a semiconductor in transistors and other solid-state devices. Atomic number 32; symbol Ge.
1886Athenæum 13 Mar. 364/2 Prof. Clemens Winkler, in the Berichte of the Berlin Chemical Society, describes a new element—to which he has given the name of ‘Germanium’—in a mineral named Argyrodite..Germanium appears to take a place between antimony and bismuth. 1948Bell Lab. Record XXVI. 323/1 In semi-conductors, such as silicon and germanium,..there may be as few as one current-carrying electron for every million atoms. 1954H. R. Harner in C. A. Hampel Rare Metals Handbk. ix. 163 Commercial recovery of germanium has..been chiefly from zinc ores, germanite, and flue dust (from coals). Ibid., Production of germanium in England was started in 1950. 1955Sci. News Let. 19 Feb. 119/3 The germanium transistor, versatile little crystal substitute for the radio tube. 1959[see argyrodite]. 1970D. F. Shaw Introd. Electronics (ed. 2) xi. 236 To manufacture a P–N junction diode using germanium, the crystal is grown from N-type germanium (i.e. germanium with arsenic or antimony as impurity). |