| 释义 |
▪ I. † nucleon1 Biochem. Obs.|ˈnjuːklɪɒn|
[a. G. nucleon (M. Siegfried 1895, in Ber. d. Deut. Chem. Ges. XXVIII. 518), f. nucle-ïn (now nuklein) nuclein + pept-on peptone.]
(See quots.)
1895Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXVIII. i. 314 The term nucleon is suggested for compounds, such as phosphorcarnic acid, which are allied to the nucleïns but contain peptone instead of albumin. 1905W. H. Howell Text-bk. Physiol. ii. 60 The discoverer of nucleon has attributed to it a very great physiological importance, as a source of energy to the muscle, and as an efficient means of transportation of iron, calcium, [etc.]... It must be stated, however, that there still remains some doubt as to the chemical individuality of the nucleon or the nucleons. 1921Physiol. Abstr. VI. 477 Nucleon is a mixture of which the chief constituent is denatured protein.
▪ II. nucleon2 Nuclear Physics.|ˈnjuːklɪɒn|
[f. nucleus n. + -on1.]
†a. = proton 2. Obs. rare.
1923D. Ll. Hammick tr. Perrin's Atoms (ed. 2) 223 If we represent the hydrogen nucleus or positive protoatom by h and the corpuscle or negative protoatom by β we may say that all matter is made up of protoatoms h and β... The negative protoatom may be called the corpuscle and the positive protoatom the nucleon. [Note] Suggested by P. Auger. Proton has also been proposed.
b. A proton or neutron; a sub-atomic particle of which these may be regarded as two distinct states, differing in the third component of isospin. [Orig. formed as nuclon (see quot. 1941).]
1939F. J. Belinfante Theory of Heavy Quanta (Leiden Univ., thesis) 40 The interaction of the heavy quanta with the heavy particles (the proton-neutron, or ‘nuclon’, as we shall call it briefly). 1940Pauli & Belinfante in Physica VII. 179 The particle that is a proton in its charged state and a neutron in its neutral state, we have called a nuclon. 1940C. Møller in Physical Rev. LVIII. 1118/1 The strength of the couplings between the nuclons and the ‘vector’ and ‘pseudoscalar’ meson fields. [Note] Following the proposal of Belinfante..we use the word nuclon as a common name for the nuclear constituents, the protons and neutrons. 1941― in Ibid. LIX. 323/2 Following the original proposal of Belinfante, the writer has..used the word ‘nuclon’ as a common notation for..neutrons and protons. In the meantime, however, it has been pointed out to me that, since the root of the word nucleus is ‘nucle’, the notation ‘nucleon’ would from a philological point of view be more appropriate. 1952Sci. News XXIII. 28 It seems that each nucleon (a general name for either proton or neutron) cannot interact with all the other particles in the nucleus, but only with its neighbours. 1968M. S. Livingston Particle Physics v. 97 With both protons bombarding a high-Z target, to create a nucleon-antinucleon pair.., the threshold kinetic energy must be 5·4 GeV. 1971New Scientist 17 June 695/2 The questions arise why cosmic-ray nucleons or X-rays or ultraviolet photons should be produced in the centres of Seyfert galaxies. |