| 释义 |
▪ I. tusk, n.1|tʌsk|
Forms: α. 1–4 tux (1 twux), 3–7 tuske, 7– tusk. β. 4–5 tosk, pl. toskes.
[OE. tux (whence by metathesis ME. tusk, tosk), normal and common variant of the rare OE. tusc (whence tush n.1), = OFris. tusk, tusch, tosch (mod. WFris. tosk, NFris. tosk, toske, LG. of East Friesland tûsk); in OEFris. the mutated plural form tesch also occurs. There are no certain cognates outside of the Anglo-Frisian area; in mod. WFris. tosk has entirely displaced the OFris. tôth tooth.
On the supposition that the stem is that of Goth. tunþ-us tooth (with -sko suffix), it has been assumed that the OE. forms had a long vowel (túsc, túx), but of this there is no clear evidence. It is also very doubtful whether the second element in the ON. mythical name Rata-toskr or -tǫskr (a squirrel) can be definitely identified with this word.]
1. A long pointed tooth; esp. a tooth specially developed so as to project beyond the mouth, as in the elephant, wild boar, and various other animals.
A tusk is most frequently a development of a canine tooth, as in the boar and walrus; but it may be an incisor, as in the elephant and narwhal.
a900Laws ælfred c. 49 Monnes tux bið xv. scill. weorð. a950Prose Guthlac v (Vercelli MS.), Heora teð wæron horses tuxum [v.r. twuxan] ᵹelice. c1000Sax. Leechd. I. 370 Hundes tux ᵹebærned & smale ᵹegniden. a1225Ancr. R. 280 Þe wilde bor..is al kareleas of his tuxes. a1225Juliana 68 As an burst bar þat grunde his tuskes. a1300E.E. Psalter lvii. 6 [lviii. 6] Toskes of liouns lauerd breke sal ma. 13..Sir Beues (A.) 742 A wilde bor..Wiþ his toskes he al to-schok. a1340Hampole Psalter lvii. 6 Tuskis of lyons breke sall lord. a1400–50Alexander 4114 Þai..Tuke out þe tuskis & þe tethe [of elephants]. c1470Henryson Mor. Fab. 1184 Wks. (S.T.S.) II. 88 Ȝe, Schir Wolf,..with ȝour Tuskis rauenous Hes slane [etc.]. 1555Eden Decades 354 These great teeth or tuskes [of the elephant] growe in the vpper iaw downewarde. 1601R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. (1603) 203 To their tusks were fastened long and broad swords, to cut in sunder whatsoeuer stoode in their way. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 387 Boars whet their Tusks. 1841–71T. R. Jones Anim. Kingd. (ed. 4) 828 In the Male Narwal..from the intermaxillary bone of the left side of the face there projects a single tusk of great strength, which sometimes attains the length of eight or ten feet. 1851D. Wilson Preh. Ann. (1863) II. iii. iii. 101 Several very large tusks of boars or wolves. 1868Owen Vertebr. Anim. III. xxix. 369 Teeth..of uninterrupted growth, are called ‘tusks’; such..are the incisors of the elephant, narwhal, dinotherium, and dugong, the canines of the boar, walrus, and hippopotamus. 1907J. H. Patterson Man-Eaters of Tsavo ii. 23 The unfortunate jemadar's head had been left intact, save for the holes made by the lion's tusks on seizing him.
b. Applied spec. to the permanent canine teeth of a horse. More commonly called tush.
1808Compl. Grazier Introd. (ed. 3) 19 Twenty-four grinders,..four tushes or tusks, and twelve foreteeth. 1854Owen Skel. & Teeth in Orr's Circ. Sc. I. Org. Nat. 285 The permanent canine, or ‘tusk’, next follows; its appearance indicates the age of four years.
c. Used in contempt for human teeth.
[Cf. quot. 1614 s.v. Tusk v.1 2.]1632Lithgow Trav. x. 446 He hath the longest Tuskes that euer stroke at Table.
2. A projecting part or object resembling the tusk of an animal.
a. Carpentry. A bevel or sloping shoulder on a tenon, for additional strength.
1679Moxon Mech. Exerc. viii. 140 They cut a Tusk on the upper side of the Tennant, and let that Tusk into the upper side of the Girders. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 110/2 Tusk, is a Bevel shoulder made to strengthen the Tennant of a Joyst. 1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 566 In introducing binding joists,..it is necessary, in order to make the tenons sufficiently strong, to have a shorter bearing tenon attached to the principal tenon, with a sloping shoulder above, called a tusk, which term is likewise applied to this tenon, called the tusk tenon.
b. In miscellaneous uses.
1823Byron Juan vii. lxiii, I've vow'd..that shortly plough or harrow Shall pass o'er what was Ismail, and its tusk Be unimpeded by the proudest mosque. 1871G. Macdonald Songs Days & Nights, Winter Days iv. ii, Down tusks of ice one drop will go. 190819th Cent. Jan. 128 From the base of this tusk of land the grand river front of new Khartoum stretches.
c. In a lock, ‘A sharp projecting point or claw which forms a means of engagement or attachment’ (Knight Dict. Mech. 1875).
d. Short for tusk-shell: see 3.
In recent Dicts.
3. attrib. and Comb., as tusk hunter, tusk-mark: tusk-carrying, tusk-like adjs.; tusk-shell = tooth-shell; tusk tenon, a tenon made with a tusk (see 2 a); tusk vase, a vase made of an elephant's tusk, or in imitation of one so made.
1898Daily News 28 Apr. 6/1 Mr. Neumann brought many a procession of *tusk-carrying Zanzibaris to Mombasa... Carriers of the heaviest tusks are given the post of honour—the van.
1902Q. Rev. Oct. 418 The *tusk-hunter will not be able to shoot his two elephants in..Kassola.
1876Huxley in Nature 11 May 33/2 The male horse has a *tusk-like tooth, or canine.
1909Stacpoole Pools of Silence xvii, Above the *tusk marks..could be seen the rubbing mark where great shoulders had scratched themselves.
1861P. P. Carpenter in Rep. Smithsonian Instit. 1860, 222 Family Dentaliadæ. (*Tusk-Shells.) 1825*Tusk tenon [see 2 a].
Hence ˈtuskish a., resembling a tusk; ˈtuskwise adv., in the manner of a tusk.
1653R. Sanders Physiogn. 253 The teeth tuskish-like long. 1844Mrs. Browning Drama of Exile Wks. 1850 I. 72 Ye would perish,—beast by beast Devouring,—tree by tree, with strangling roots And trunks set tuskwise.
▪ II. tusk, n.2 Obs. exc. dial.
[Of obscure origin; agrees in sense with tussock, which is found in use 20 years later. The variant tush (see tush n.2) is common to this and tusk n.1, but it is doubtful if there is any real connexion between the words.]
A tuft (of hair); also, of rushes, grass, etc.
1530Palsgr. 284/1 Tuske of heer, monceau de cheueulx. 1565–73Cooper Thesaurus s.v. Cirrus, Cirratus, that hath his heare..growing in tuskes and lockes. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. ii. (1586) 67 b, With a yellow hearie tuske in the midst. 1598W. Phillip Linschoten xxxix. (Hakl. Soc.) I. 262 They weare onely a tuske of haire on the toppes of their heades. 1611Markham Country Content. i. iv. (1668) 26 Grounds that are all tusks of rushes, short ling, bramble bushes, or such like. 1851Sternberg Dial. Northampt., Tusk, a tuft of grass or weeds.
▪ III. tusk, n.3|tʌsk|
Also locally tursk, torsk |tɔːsk|, tosk.
[a. Norw. torsk, tosk, Sw., Da. torsk:—ON. þorskr, þoskr; prob. f. root of ON. þurr, Sw. torr, Gothic þaurs-us dry. Cf. LG. (and Ger.) dorsch.]
A gadoid fish, Brosmius brosme, abundant in the northern seas, especially about the Shetland Islands, and much used for food in the dried form of stockfish. Also attrib.
1707Miege St. Gt. Brit. ii. 14 They have abundance of Fish on that Coast call'd Tusk, as big as Ling. 1776Pennant Zool. III. 179 The Torsk, or as it is called in the Shetlands, Tusk and Brismak is a northern fish; and as yet undiscovered lower than about the Orknies. 1822Scott Pirate xxii, There is torsk for the gentle, and skate for the carle, And there's wealth for bold Magnus, the son of the earl. 1837M. Donovan Dom. Econ. II. 179 The Torsk is not so slender as the ling, and is altogether a smaller fish. As food it is considered more delicate than ling. 1864Couch Brit. Fishes III. 96. 1875 W. A. Smith Lewsiana 237 The tursk or tosk..is perhaps the finest of the Gadidæ when fresh. 1883Fisheries Exhib. Catal. 72 Dried Salted Tusk⁓fish,..mostly consumed in Scotch Markets. 1925J. T. Jenkins Fishes Brit. Isles 164 The Torsk or tusk..is moderately elongate and covered with very small scales. 1926Glasgow Herald 19 Oct. 3 The inhabitants fit out boats for the..tusk fishing. 1935Fisheries Notice (Min. Agric. & Fisheries) xxiii. 6 Suggested Trade Name. Tusk. 1977Grimsby Even. Tel. 26 May 18/5 Principal sorts were..monk 28, tusk 20.
▪ IV. tusk, v.1
[f. tusk n.1]
†1. trans. The technical expression for: To carve (a barbel). Obs.
Perh. suggested by the tusk-like appearance of the two pairs of cirri depending from the upper jaw.
1486Bk. St. Albans F vij b, A Barbill tuskyd. 1513Bk. Keruynge in Babees Bk. (1868) 265 Tuske that barbell. [1787Best Angling (ed. 2) 169 Tusk a barbel, cut him up. 1853Fraser's Mag. XLVIII. 694 The reader will remember when he puts the slice into a fish, that he gobbets trout, truncheons eel, fins chub, tusks barbel (etc.).]
2. intr.
†a. ? To show the teeth. Obs.
1614B. Jonson Bart. Fair ii. iii, Vapours? Neuer tuske, nor twirle your dibble... You shall not fright me with your Lyon-chap, Sir, nor your tuskes. 1616― Epigr. cvii, Nay, now you puffe, tuske, and draw vp your chin, Twirle the poore chain you run a feasting in.
b. To use, or thrust with, the tusks; of a horse, to pull roughly with the teeth at.
1825Jamieson, To Tusk at, to pluck or pull roughly; as when a horse tears hay from a stack, Fife. 1893Kipling Many Invent. 204 They were rooting and tusking among the young Sal.
3. trans. To root or dig up, or to tear off with the tusks; to wound with the tusk.
1629Dekker Londons Tempe Wks. 1873 IV. 120, I could (to swell my trayne) beckon the Rhine, (But the wilde boare has tusked up his vine). 1818Keats Endym. ii. 474 My poor mistress went..mad, When the boar tusked him. 1909Stacpoole Pools of Silence xvii, A tree..showed half its bark ripped off, tusked off by some old bull elephant. Ibid. xix, The screams of men trodden under foot or tusked to pieces.
4. To furnish with tusks; to project from or adorn like tusks.
1896Kipling Seven Seas, Merchantmen, We've ratched beyond the Crossets That tusk the Southern Pole.
▪ V. † tusk, v.2 Obs. rare—1.
[app. f. tusk n.2: cf. in the same sense tuft v. 4.]
trans. ? To beat the bushes in (a wood) in order to rouse the game.
1592Lyly Gallathea ii. i, You were best..make them tuske these Woodes, whilst we stande with our bowes. |