| 释义 |
▪ I. turtle, n.1 Now rare or arch.|ˈtɜːt(ə)l|
Forms: 1 turtla, 1– turtle, 3 (Orm.) turrtle, 3–5 turtul, 4 tortle, 4–5 turtill, 4–6 -il, (5 -yl, -yle, -ylle, 5–6 -yll), (5 turckell), 5 tyrtle, 6 tyrtyll, turtell.
[OE. turtla masc., turtle fem. = OHG. turtulo masc., turtula fem. (Du. tortel fem.): either dim. or dissimilated form of L. turtur turtur with r–l for r–r (cf. Sp. and It. tortola, It. tortora). For other Germanic forms see turtle-dove.]
1. a. = turtle-dove 1. (Often mentioned as a type of conjugal affection and constancy: cf. 2.)
c1000Ags. Ps. (Th.) lxxxiii[i]. 3 Him eac spedlice spearuwa hus begyteð, and tidlice turtle nistlað. c1000Ags. Gosp. Luke ii. 24 Twa turtlan oððe tweᵹen culfran briddas. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 49 Turtle ne wile habbe no make bute on and after þat non..Þe bitocninge þat is imene turtlen and duues... Eiðer turtles and duues habbet sorinesse for song. c1200Ormin 7588 Tweȝȝenn cullfre briddess..Oþþr..tweȝȝen turrtless. 1382Wyclif Ps. lxxxiii. 4 [lxxxiv. 3] Forsothe the sparowe fonde to hym an hous; and the turtil a nest. c1400tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. ciii. 104 Pytous as turtyll. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 373/2 Lyke a turtle that allone without make waylleth and wepeth. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VI 118 As louyng to him, as the Turtle to her make. 1611Shakes. Wint. T. iv. iv. 154 Your hand (my Perdita:) so Turtles paire That neuer meane to part. 1670G. H. Hist. Cardinals i. iii. 91 A Mass is sung, and his Holiness presented with two young Turtles. 1713Steele Guard. No. 22. ⁋2 [She] kept a pair of turtles cooing in her chamber. 1802Montagu Ornith. Dict. s.v. Dove-turtle, The Turtle visits the southern parts of England in the spring. 1851Mayhew Lond. Labour (1861) III. 64 His pigeon-cote..is no longer stocked with carriers,..jacobins,..turtles. 1860C. Rossetti O. & N. Year Ditties iii, Turtle calleth turtle in Heaven's May.
b. Greenland turtle, sea-turtle, names for the Black Guillemot: see Greenland 1, sea-turtle1.
c. Rhyming slang. = turtle-dove 3. (Usu. in pl.)
1893P. H. Emerson Signor Lippo xiv. 55 A long sleeve cadi on his napper, and a pair of turtles on his martins finished him. 1936‘J. Curtis’ Gilt Kid 24 Got any turtles? The Gilt Kid, having no gloves, answered: ‘No, but I'll buy a pair.’ 1962John o' London's 25 Jan. 82/1 Of course he [sc. the criminal] takes the precaution of wearing turtles (short for turtle-doves, rhyming slang for gloves).
2. fig. Applied to a person, as a term of endearment, etc. (cf. dove n. 2 d), or (esp.) to lovers or married folk, in allusion to the turtle-dove's affection for its mate.
14..Lydg. Balade Commend. Our Lady 78 O trusty turtle, trewest of al trewe. c1440Gesta Rom. lxix. 312 (Harl. MS.), I shal be turtill in your absence þat hadde lost hire make. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VII 20 b, Hym that..watched, howe to..steale thys turtle oute of her mewe and lodgynge. 1588Shakes. L.L.L. iv. iii. 211 Berow. Will these Turtles be gone? Kin. Hence sirs, away. 1693Humours Town 24 The Fool..concludes her the most constant pretty cooing Turtle in the Nation. 1717Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to Pope 1 Apr., Several couple of true turtles..saying soft things to one another. 1865E. W. Benson in Life (1899) I. vi. 232, I am a solitary Turtle (Dove, not Reptile) just now, my wife being at Rugby.
3. attrib. and Comb., as turtle love, turtle pigeon, turtle wing; turtle-billing, turtle-footed, turtle-haunted, turtle-like, turtle-winged adjs.; † turtle-bird, the young of the turtle-dove.
1598B. Jonson Ev. Man in Hum. i. iv, The happy state of *Turtle-billing lovers.
c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 47 Gif hie was riche wimman, a lomb, gif hie was bitwene two, two *turtle briddes, gif hie was poure, two duue briddes.
1599B. Jonson Ev. Man out of Hum. Epil., Let..The throat of War be stopt.., And *turtle-footed Peace dance fairy rings About her court. 1624― Sun's Darling v. i.
1873T. L. Kingsbury Comm. Song Sol. iii, The *turtle-haunted groves.
a1586Sidney Arcadia iv. (1629) 415 Lamenting..such as the *turtle-like loue is wont to make for the euer ouer-soone losse of her onely loued make. 1669Dryden Tyrannic Love iii. i, Then, turtle-like, I'll to my mate repair.
1608Topsell Serpents (1658) 784 Such faithfull dealing, uprightnesse of conscience, and *Turtle love.
1819Stephens in Shaw Gen. Zool. XI. 72 *Turtle Pigeon, Columba Turtur... Pigeon with the tail-feathers white at their tips, the back griseous, the breast vinaceous, a black spot on the sides of the neck, with white stripes, the abdomen white.
1629Milton Hymn Nativ. iii, Peace..With *Turtle wing the amorous clouds dividing. 1821R. S. Hawker Cornish Ballads, etc. (1908) 249 As on turtle-wings the moments fleet.
1745Akenside Ode on Lyric Poetry 18 While *turtle-wing'd the laughing hours..Lead youth, and love, and harmless joy.
Hence (nonce-wds.) ˈturtlish (ˈturtleish) a., having the character or qualities of a turtle-dove; ˈturtlize (ˈturtleize) v. trans. to turn into or make like a turtle-dove.
1855Fraser's Mag. LI. 229 The most *turtleish of doves.
1798Southey Lett. (1856) I. 59, I am softened, *turtleised, yea, a very lamb!
▪ II. turtle, n.2|ˈtɜːt(ə)l|
Also 7 tortel.
[app. a corruption, by English sailors, of the earlier tortue, or the French original of this (see tortoise), assimilated to the known word turtle n.1]
1. a. Any species of marine tortoise; also extended to various other tortoises. (Pl. turtles, collectively usually turtle.)
As to the varying application of the names tortoise and turtle, see the note to sense 1 of the former word.
With defining words, applied to various species, as box-turtle (box n.2 24), diamond-backed t., hawk's-bill t., land t., leather-t., loggerhead t. (loggerhead 6 a), mud t., painted t., sea-turtle2, snapping-t., soft-shelled t., trunk-t. (see these words); alligator-turtle, the snapping-turtle, also called alligator tortoise (alligator 4); bastard turtle, Thalassochelys kempi; chicken-turtle, Chrysemys reticulata, also called chicken-tortoise; greaved turtle, any species of the genus Podocnemis; green turtle, various species of Chelonia, having green shells, as C. midas of the W. Indies and C. virgata of the Pacific, both much esteemed as food; horned turtle, an extinct turtle of the genus Miolania, having projections at the back of the skull like the ‘horned toad’.
1657North's Plutarch, Add. Lives 90 He took a Ship⁓board..fourty Parrots, many Tortels, and many other Animals strange to our World. 1657R. Ligon Barbadoes (1673) 4 The Loggerhead Turtle,..the Hawks bill Turtle... A third kind called the Green Turtle,..far excelling the other two, in wholesomness, and Rareness of taste. 1689Relat. Sufferings H. Pitman 22 We walked along the sea shore to watch for tortoise or turtle. 1712E. Cooke Voy. S. Sea 13 Sea Tortoises, or, as the Sea-men call them, Turtle. 1719De Foe Crusoe i. 101, June 17. I spent in cooking the Turtle; I found in her threescore Eggs. 1745P. Thomas Jrnl. Anson's Voy. 105 Great Quantity of Tortoises, or, as the Seamen call them, Turtles. 1785Jackson's Oxford Jrnl. 16 July, Dressing a very fine lively Chicken Turtle..supplied..at 6/- per quart or 10/6 the Tureen. 1792M. Riddell Voy. Madeira 63 Four species of turtle are found on the shores of this island—the green-turtle, the hawk's-bill,..the logger-head, and the land-tortoise. 1839–40W. Irving Wolfert's R. v. (1855) 75 The island abounded with turtle, and great quantities of their eggs were to be found among the rocks. 1870Yeats Nat. Hist. Comm. 114 Turtles abound in the enclosed seas of Central America.
b. The flesh of various species of turtle used as food; also short for turtle-soup. (See also mock turtle.)
Often mentioned or alluded to as a feature of civic banquets.
1755World No. 123 ⁋3 Of all the improvements in the modern kitchen, there are none that can bear a comparison with the introduction of Turtle. 1780T. Davies Mem. Garrick (1781) II. xxxviii. 122 High seasoned venison, delicious turtle, and excellent claret. 1848Thackeray Van. Fair xxvii, He..had dined on horse-flesh and turtle with equal relish. 1859Habits Gd. Society xi. 310 A light soup is better than a thick one,..turtle is only fit for an alderman.
†c. Short for turtle-dinner or turtle-feast. Obs.
1771Smollett Humph. Cl. 30 Apr., I..have almost prevailed upon uncle to give him a small turtle at the Bear. 1785A. C. Bower Diaries & Corr. 16 Sept. (1903) 29 Tuesday next the good people at Dulish intend giving a Turtle and the Misses have prevailed on their Mother to add a little Hop in the Evening by way of helping Digestion. 1788Ibid. 49 We were at Whatcombe Tuesday—a large party and a turtle.
2. to turn turtle.
a. lit. To catch turtle by throwing them on their backs.
1689Relat. Sufferings H. Pitman 20 They going ashore on the Main to turn Turtle, were set upon by the Indians. 1861P. B. Du Chaillu Equat. Afr. iv. 25 Turtle frequent the shores, and are ‘turned’ in considerable numbers. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., To turn a turtle, to take the animal by seizing a flipper, and throwing him on his back, which renders him quite helpless.
b. fig. (in earlier use to turn the turtle.) To turn over, capsize, be upset. (See also quot. 1818.)
1818‘A. Burton’ Johnny Newcome II. 69 John..in the next week..would take Twice calling, to be once awake; They turned the turtle, cut him down. Ibid. 254 Turn the turtle, to get under a hammock, and lift it up in the middle, thus pitching the sleeper out on one side of it. 1830United Service Jrnl. June 709 The chance on some equally squally night of ‘turning the turtle’, as Jack facetiously calls upsetting. 1842Marryat Perc. Keene xxiii, But ‘turning the turtle’ is not making a quick passage, except to the other world. 1843― M. Violet xli, The canoe turned the turtle with them. 1860All Year Round No. 66. 384 If the wind catches that 'ere, she'll turn turtle at once. 1896Daily News 2 July 9/1 An engine and two trucks had turned turtle on the embankment.
†3. American turtle: = torpedo n. 2. Obs.
1775–83Thacher Milit. Jrnl. (1823) 75 A singular machine invented for destroying the British Shipping by explosion... American Turtle or Torpedo.
4. Typog. A curved bed in which types or stereo-types are secured, and which is mounted on one of the cylinders of a rotary printing-press: so called from a fancied resemblance of the bed to the back of a turtle.
1860Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 5) III. 540 An American [printing] machine, the invention of R. Hoe and Company... Each page is locked up upon a detached segment of the large cylinder, called by the compositors a ‘turtle’. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1797/2 The type is secured in turtles, or the stereotype is bent to the curve of the cylinder.
5. attrib. and Comb., as turtle-catcher, turtle-chase, turtle-dinner, turtle-eater, turtle-egg, turtle-feast, turtle-fishery, turtle-fishing, turtle-skeleton, turtle-soup; turtleburger, a kind of hamburger made from turtle; turtle-corral = turtle-crawl (a); turtle cowry, a large species of cowry, Cypræa testudinaria; turtle-crab, a minute species of crab parasitic upon turtles and other marine animals; turtle-crawl, (a) [crawl n.2] an enclosure in which turtles are kept; (b) [crawl n.1] ‘the track of a turtle to and from its nest’ (Cent. Dict. 1891); turtle-deck, (a) = turtle-back 1 a; also applied to a similar structure on an aircraft; (b) = turtle-back 1 b; turtle-egging, the gathering of turtles' eggs (Cent. Dict. 1891); turtle-frolic (colloq.), a turtle-feast; turtle-grass, name for two marine plants with long narrow grass-like leaves: (a) Thalassia testudinum, of the W. Indies, etc.; (b) the grass-wrack, Zostera marina; turtle-head, a N. American scrophulariaceous plant, Chelone glabra, allied to Pentstemon, so called from the shape of the flower; turtle-insect, a widely-distributed species of scale-insect, Coccus (Lecanium) hesperidum; turtle-kraal = turtle-crawl (a); turtle-net, a net for catching turtle; turtle-peg, a prong fastened to a pole or cord used for harpooning turtles (= peg n.1 8 a); hence turtle-pegger, one who uses a turtle-peg to catch turtles; turtle-pegging, the catching of turtles with a turtle-peg; turtle-press, a printing-press in which a ‘turtle’ (sense 4) is (or was) used; turtle-shell, (a) the shell of a turtle; the material of this, tortoise-shell; (b) = turtle-cowry; turtle-stone = septarium 2 (from the markings on section resembling those of a tortoise-shell); turtle-twine, twine for making turtle-nets.
1946Amer. Speech XXI. 67/1 While in Florida Keys in the service in the Spring of 1940 I came across a road stand selling *turtleburgers. 1979Daily Tel. 29 Nov. 18 It must be admitted that the meat can be tasteless and fibrous, but its strength is its versatility: ‘turtleburgers’, for example, are delicious.
1726G. Roberts Four Yrs. Voy. 5 There might be some *Turtle-catchers here since the last Turtle Season. 1815J. Campbell Trav. S. Afr. xlii. 501 We were detained till noon next day..for the turtle catchers.
1860Wraxall Life in Sea iv. 90 A picturesque description of such a *Turtle-chase on Ascension Island.
1838Penny Cycl. XI. 362/1 Nantilograpsus minutus..*Turtle-Crab, Browne;..M. Milne Edwards..sees no sufficient reason for distinguishing this species from Grapsus testudinum, Roux.
1833M. Scott Tom Cringle xvi. (1859) 420 The *Turtle Crawls filled with beautiful clear water. 1903Daily Mail 9 Sept. 5/3 A turtle crawl in Kingston, where over two hundred turtles were confined awaiting shipment,..was broken up by the force of the sea during the cyclone in Jamaica.
1889Cent. Dict. s.v. Deck, The *turtle-deck or turtle-backed deck..is a convex deck extending a short distance aft from the stem of an ocean steamer to shed the water in a head sea; in many..steamships..there is a similar arrangement on the stern. 1908Daily Chron. 15 May 8/6 The engines of the launch were not running... Mr. Moody and Mr. Smith stood on the turtle deck at the bow. [1912Flight 26 Oct. 966/2 The fabric is..stretched over light formers above the girder so as to provide a kind of turtle-back deck.] 1913Flight 31 May 586/2 The comfort of the pilot has been carefully studied and he is well sheltered behind an aluminium turtle deck. 1937Jrnl. R. Aeronaut. Soc. XLI. 7 It was customary for the pilot to carry the parachute in the cockpit with the cable laid along the turtle deck and fastened securely with adhesive tape. 1954Amer. Speech XXIX. 103 Turtledeck, the trunk or turtleback of a roadster. 1967A. Shennan Sopwith Snipe Described 17 To this basic structure was affixed a turtledeck structure of plywood formers and stringers.
1805in Edin. Rev. July 357 Who freely give two guineas for a *turtle dinner at the tavern.
a1774Tucker Lt. Nat. (1834) II. 430 Your *turtle eaters, city feast hunters, and persons who live in a continual round of pleasures.
1760Garrick Prol. to Murphy's Desert Isl. 22 Keep *turtle-eating Aldermen awake.
1860Wraxall Life in Sea iv. 87 Our two soldiers..stopped..to dig *turtle eggs out of the sand.
1753H. Walpole Lett. (1846) III. 12 Knightly..has been entertaining all the parishes round with a *turtle-feast. 1760Lyttleton Dial. Dead xix. 204 A Turtle feast is a Novelty to me. 1767Goldsm. Ess., Let. Common-council-man, The mayor and aldermen..celebrating the royal nuptials by a magnificent turtle feast. 1793Ld. H. Spencer in Ld. Auckland's Corr. (1862) III. 112 Count Bernstorff gave us a turtle-feast at his château. 1848Thackeray Van. Fair xli, An alderman coming from a turtle feast will not step out of his carriage to steal a leg of mutton.
Ibid. xx, A parcel of *turtle-fed tradesmen.
1834Tait's Mag. I. 390/2 Your *turtle-feeding Aldermen.
1707Sloane Jamaica I. Introd. 87 The *Turtle-fishery..thought..to be ours by right... The *Turtle-fishing..pretended to by the French of the Island Tortugas. 1904Westm. Gaz. 12 Apr. 9/2 The crews of the six Caymans turtle-fishing vessels..were seized..by the Nicaraguan Government for alleged fishing in territorial waters.
1750F. Goelet Jrnl. 2 Oct. in New-England Hist. & Geneal. Reg. (1870) XXIV. 53 Had an Invitation to day to Go to a Turtle *Frolick. 1787M. Cutler in Life, etc. (1888) I. 205, I received a polite invitation from Governor Brown..to join them in a Turtle frolic. 1886E. L. Bynner A. Surriage xv, There was a turtle-frolic at Cambridge.
1735Mortimer in Phil. Trans. XXXIX. 116 Alga marina, gramineo angustissimo folio... *Turtle-Grass: It grows at the Bottom of the Sea in shallow Water. 1756P. Browne Jamaica 71 The small grassy-leaf'd Alga or Turtle-grass. 1871Kingsley At Last vi, Manatis..coming in..to browse on mangrove shoots and turtle-grass. 1884Miller Plant-n., Thalassia testudinum, Manatee-grass, Turtle-grass. Ibid., Zostera marina, Bell⁓ware,..Grass Wrack.., Turtle-grass.
1857Gray First Less. Bot. (1866) 94 The fifth stamen..appears in the..*Turtlehead as a sort of filament without any anther.
1896E. G. Lodeman Spraying of Plants i. i. 10 Corrosive sublimate..dissolved in..spirits, and..added to the water..possesses the power of destroying the brown *turtle (scale) insect, white scaly coccus, pine bug [etc.].
1885A. Brassey The Trades 353 What they call a ‘*turtle-kraal’, consisting of a large tank, in which were a number of turtle.
1898Allbutt's Syst. Med. V. 295 He sits..*turtle-like, with his neck dropped into his chest. 1906Westm. Gaz. 20 June 8/2 A great turtle-like head, with large eyes. 1794*Turtle-nets [see turtle-twine]. 1839Capt. Wilson in Mag. Nat. Hist. Oct. 519 They had got a large saw-fish entangled in their turtle-net.
1828Webster, *Turtle-shell, a shell, a beautiful species of Murex; also, tortoise-shell. 1845J. Coulter Adv. Pacific x. 126 Round it [sc. the hut] were scattered a number of terrapin and turtle shells.
1860Wraxall Life in Sea iv. 88 Hundreds of *Turtle skeletons lying about.
1763Smollett Trav. xi. (1766) I. 190 As for the *turtle-soupe, it is a good restorative. 1846A. Soyer Syst. Cookery 85 Turtle Soup. This soup, the delight of civic corporations,..has been, and perhaps ever will be, the leading article of English cookery. Ibid. 87 Clear Turtle Soup.
1851H. T. De la Beche Geol. Observer 687 Those commonly known as septaria and *turtle stones. 1859R. Hunt Guide Mus. Pract. Geol. (ed. 2) 32 Good specimens of septaria or turtle stone from the Oxford clay.
1766W. Gordon Gen. Counting-ho. 386, 3 cwt. 2 qrs. 18 lb. *turtle twine. 1794Rigging & Seamanship I. 65 Turtle-twine, for turtle-nets, is made of good bar hemp.
Hence ˈturtledom, a collective name for those who eat turtle (i.e. spec. London aldermen), or for their practices, methods, etc.; ˈturtly a., addicted to or habitually eating turtle. (Cf. 1 b.)
1893Punch 4 Mar. 102/1 *Turtledom feareth what Turtledom deems The perils of—Unification! 1894Woolacott (title) The Curse of Turtledom: an Exposé of the Methods and Extravagant Expenditure of the Livery Companies. 1900Daily News 26 Nov. 4/1 They appeal as much to the epicure of turtledom as to the vegetarian.
1868Cosmopolitan 25 July 334 We doubt..if the most *turtly Alderman out can beat in legal acumen Monsieur le Juge de Paix de la Nièvre.
▪ III. † ˈturtle, v.1 Obs.
[f. turtle n.1]
intr. To play the turtle, behave like a turtle-dove (cf. turtle n.1, 1, 2). Also with it.
1701J. Prince Worthies of Devon 338 He left..a Widow..to Turtle it after him, as he had done before. 1754J. Shebbeare Marriage Act xxv. I. 148, I..am convinced how foolish all this Stuff called Love, Fidelity, Billing and Turtling in England is.
▪ IV. ˈturtle, v.2 Chiefly nonce-wd.
[f. turtle n.2; in sense 2 a back-formation (or inference) from turtler, turtling.]
1. trans. To make mock turtle of.
a1756E. Haywood New Present (1771) 149 To turtle a Calf's Head.
2. intr. To catch or ‘fish’ for turtle.
1838in G. C. Anderson Laws of Bahamas (1843) 119 If any person..be found turtling, or fishing, against the provisions of this Act. 1952E. Hemingway Old Man & Sea 15 He never went turtle-ing. That is what kills the eyes.
3. trans. To turn over: cf. to turn turtle (turtle n.2 2 b). Also intr.
1896Daily News 3 Aug. 4/7 She [the boat] turtled herself right again. 1920[see careen v. 4 b].
4. a. To stretch (the neck) forward like a turtle.
1909Daily Chron. 30 Dec. 9/5 Nothing makes a woman look more awkward than to ‘turtle’ the neck.
b. intr. To act in a manner characteristic of a turtle (perh. spec. to bridle or show indignation.) Also with up. ? nonce-wd.
1914D. H. Lawrence Widowing of Mrs. Holroyd i. ii. 28 Clara: Turning-out time, Laura. Laura (turtling): I'm sorry, I'm sure. 1920― Lost Girl v. 64 It was most curious to see Miss Pinnegar turtle up at the mention of this scheme... She blurted, bridling and ducking her head..like a indignant turkey. |