| 释义 |
turn-out, n. (a.)|ˈtɜːnaʊt|
Also turnout.
[f. the verbal phr. turn out (turn v. 76).]
A. n.
1. A turning out or getting out (of bed, etc.); hence, a call to duty, esp. during one's period of rest; spec. Mil. a signal to rise (? obs.).
1688R. Holme Armoury iii. xix. (Roxb.) 154/2 The seuerall Beates or points of warre are these{ddd}13. A Turn out. 1815Scott Guy M. xxxix, Is he always fit for duty upon a sudden turn-out? 1848Thackeray Van. Fair xxx, The bugles were sounding the turn-out. 1873Routledge's Yng. Gentl. Mag. July 482/1 A sudden turn-out during his watch below.
2. a. A withdrawal of workmen from their place of employment by common consent; a strike.
1806Docum. Hist. Amer. Industr. Soc. (1910) III. 74 In a little time there came a turn-out to raise the wages... They would grant me no quarters at all, but I must turn out. 1834H. Martineau Moral ii. 55 To show how tremendous is the waste of capital in a turn-out. 1835Ure Philos. Manuf. 283, I have had several turn-outs, and have heard of many more, but never heard of a turn-out for short time. 1837Whittock, etc. Bk. Trades (1842) 430 A..turn out which proved instructively unavailing, and was utterly disastrous to their funds. 1898W. White Jrnls. 15 Much discussion in shop, relative to the turn-out; refused to join.
b. One of a body of strikers.
1826Examiner 663/2 Skirmishes..between the turn-outs and those whom they call ‘knobsticks’. 1842R. Oastler Fleet Papers II. 286 The failure of ‘the Strike’ will be attributable..to divisions in the camp of the ‘turn-outs’. 1848Mrs. Gaskell Mary Barton xxi, One of the poor, maddened turn-outs.
3. Those who turn out or assemble for any purpose; an assemblage, muster; also, a turning out or assembling of persons; spec. (the number of) those who turn out to vote in an election.
1816Chalmers Let. in Life (1851) II. 78, I met with several people here, and had a turn out of population from several of the houses. 1819Sporting Mag. V. 54 The circumstances..account..for the small turn-out of sports⁓men. 1843Le Fevre Life Trav. Phys. III. ii. x. 5 Compared with the turn-out in Hyde Park in the season, it sinks into insignificance. 1880Antrim & Down Gloss., The Hurries, a term for the Irish Rebellion of 1798. Called also the Turn-out. 1901Scotsman 1 Mar. 8/1 The turnout was much larger than might have been expected. 1970Guardian 20 June 15/5 Only one of the five polls gave full weighting..to differential turnout—the question of how many Labour or Conservative supporters will in fact bother to vote. 1976New Yorker 15 Nov. 204/2 Only eighty per cent of the Democratic turnout voted for Carter. 1976Honolulu Star-Bull. 21 Dec. a2/4 He called his committeemen into party headquarters on the day after elections and made them account for the turnout in their wards.
4. A loop-line or siding in a railway or tramway; also, in a narrow road, a part wider than the rest, or a short side road, to enable vehicles to pass one another; a similar place in a canal.
1824T. G. Cumming Rail & Tram Roads 16 A pointer, fixed at the intersection between the principal rail and the turn out,..to open the way into the turn out, and shut that along the road. 1826Act 7 Geo. IV, c. 49 §38 Passing-places or turn-outs, for the purpose of enabling waggons, carts, and other carriages drawn along the said [L'pool and Manch.] railway or tram road to pass each other. 1898Westm. Gaz. 31 May 6/3 A canal..with locks at each end, and suitable turnouts.
5. A place where animals may be turned out to graze.
1895Queenslander 7 Dec. 1090 There was not a turnout for a carrier from Westwood to Tambo, a distance of fully 300 miles,..the marsupials having cleared the pasture off the face of the country. 190119th Cent. July 59 The cottager could get fuel..with a turn-out for a cow, pig,..donkey and geese.
6. A turning or clearing out; a clearance, emptying.
1856C. M. Yonge Daisy Chain xiv, You must make interest with Margaret for the turn-out of my pocket tomorrow. 1857Hughes Tom Brown ii. iii, A regular turn⁓out of the den.
7. a. The manner in which anything is turned out or equipped; style of equipment; ‘get-up’; also concr. equipment, outfit, array.
1812P. Hawker Diary (1893) I. 46 Their ‘turns-out’ of horses and harness are beggarly. 1825Sporting Mag. XV. 355 The turn-out of himself and his horse is ‘quite the thing’. 1859Jephson Brittany x. 171 On a holiday..the whole turn-out would be much more dressy. 1883Harper's Mag. Aug. 378/2 The parishioners coming to mass in their best turn-outs. 1901Scotsman 1 Mar. 8/1 The significant feature of their turn out, however, was that they carried, not the cavalry carbine, but the infantry service rifle.
b. tea and turn out (cf. tea n. 4), tea and something with it; tea and accompaniments.
1806Francis Lett. (1901) II. 638 We brought the Irish custom of suppers into fashion,..for last year they only gave tea and turn out. 1830H. Angelo Remin. II. 184 This was not tea and turn out, but tea and walk up stairs. 1858Ramsay Remin. v. (1870) 120, I hope you will sport it..at your first tea and turn out.
8. A driving equipage; a carriage with its horse or horses, and other adjuncts. Also transf.
1817Lady Morgan France (1818) I. 258 No man..founds his celebrity..upon the superior excellence and appointment of his turn-out. 1842Thackeray Sultan Stork Wks. 1900 V. 750 Egad! what a neat turn-out of a barge! 1856Kane Arct. Expl. I. xvii. 211 Quite a neat turn-out of sledge and dogs. 1891‘J. S. Winter’ Mrs. Bob 19 The sort of coach⁓man that you get in London with a turn-out from the job⁓master's. 1895Daily News 13 July 5/4 A special prize will be given for the best turn-out of donkey and barrow.
9. The quantity of anything turned out or produced in an industry, etc.; the total product; output.
1879Spons' Encycl. Manuf. I. 10 If a large turn-out is necessary, carbonization may be effected in twelve or thirteen hours. 1884Ld. Bramwell in Law Rep. 9 App. Cases 203 The actual turnout was over one million a year.
B. attrib. or as adj. That turns out, or is turned out, in various senses.
1899Westm. Gaz. 11 Feb. 7/1 A slashed velvet jacket with a Manx turn-out collar. 1908Daily Chron. 9 Jan. 7/2 The ‘turn-out’ switch rings electric bells in every room in the building [fire station]. 1909Toilers of Deep Sept. 225/1 As we are working on ‘turn out’ tides, we must be up betimes to embark on the outward turn... The men turn out..at one o'clock in the morning. |