| 释义 |
▪ I. genotype, n.1 Biol.|ˈdʒɛnətaɪp|
[f. Gr. γένος genus + -type.]
The type-species of a genus.
1897C. Schuchert in Science 23 Apr. 639/2 Genotype applies to any typical material of the type species of a genus. 1923Times Lit. Suppl. 15 Mar. 171/2 It is..necessary to fix on a single species as the standard of each genus, new or old; it is called the genotype. 1926F. A. Bather in S. S. Buckman Type Ammonites VI. 6 In establishing a new genus an author should fix on one species as the genotype (or genoholotype). 1953E. Mayr et al. Methods Syst. Zool. xiv. 265 The International Commission (Paris, 1948) recommends that the term genotype not be used because of possible confusion with the same word as used in genetics.
▪ II. genotype, n.2 Biol.|ˈdʒɛnətaɪp|
[ad. G. genotypus (W. Johannsen Elem. d. exakten Erblichkeitslehre (1909) ix. 130), f. gene1 + -o + -type.]
The genetic constitution of an individual, esp. as distinguished from its phenotype; the sum-total of the genes in an individual or group. Hence genoˈtypic, -ˈtypical adjs.; genoˈtypically adv.
1910Science XXXII. 588/2 The general program will consist of a symposium on the subject of ‘Genotypes or pure lines of Johannsen’. 1911[see gene1]. 1911Amer. Naturalist XLV. 133 We are able to demonstrate ‘genotypical’ differences. Ibid. 140 ‘Genotypically’ determined abnormalities. 1922Hereditas III. 211 The genotypical response of the plant species to the habitat. 1925D. F. Jones Genetics Plant & Anim. Improvement xv. 503 No one can injure a breed more than by permitting genotypically inferior animals to enter. 1930R. A. Fisher Genet. Theory Nat. Selection 9 The genotypes are probably unequally fitted, at least to a slight extent, to their task of survival and reproduction. Ibid. 81 A change in the genotypic constitution of the species. 1964G. H. Haggis et al. Introd. Molecular Biol. x. 245 It is necessary to distinguish between the assemblage of outwardly recognizable traits by which an individual is defined, known as its phenotype, and the assemblage of inherited factors which determine these traits, known as its genotype. 1971Nature 2 Apr. 279/2 Skin grafts exchanged between genotypically identical siblings survive significantly longer than grafts made between non-identical siblings.
▪ III. genotype, v.|ˈdʒɛnətaɪp|
[f. prec. n.]
trans. To investigate the genotype of.
1961Lancet 9 Sept. 6021 When the mother has rhesus antibodies..the husband should be genotyped. 1971Nature 2 Apr. 279/2 Some monkey families could be genotyped and the antigens were found to segregate in a pattern consistent with a single complex system. |