| 释义 |
turn-
the verb-stem in combination with a n., adv., or adj., forming ns. and adjs., in the sense ‘that turns or is turned’, ‘for turning’, in various uses of the verb. The more important compounds are entered as Main words: see turncoat, turnkey, turn-out, turnpike, turnspit, turnstone, etc.; those of less importance follow here. turn-and-bank, turn-and-slip Aeronaut., used attrib. and absol. to designate an indicator which shows the pilot his rate of turn and correctness or error in banking; turn-away, † (a) one who turns away; a deserter, forsaker (obs.); (b) the act of turning people away from a place of assembly already full; also transf.; turn-bat, in Metallurgy: see quot.; turn-beam, the drum of a windlass; turn-bench, a small portable lathe used by watchmakers, etc.; turn-bolt, † (a) a wrench or spanner; (b) a bolt that rotates, as to unlock a mechanism; turn-boat, a boat used as a turn-mark in yacht-racing; † turn-bout [bout adv.2] = turn-buckle 1; turn-bridge, a bridge turning horizontally on a pivot; a swing-bridge; turn-button, a small bar pivoted near its centre, so that when turned its end engages with a catch, the edge of a door, or the like; turn-cap, (a) (also turn-cap lily), Lilium Martagon; (b) a revolving cowl; turn-crowned a., having the feathers on the crown reversed, as some varieties of the domestic pigeon: cf. turn-pate; turn-file: see quot.; † turn-frame = turntable 1; turn-furrow, the mould-board of a plough; turn-gate = turnstile; turn-hole, an eddy or whirlpool; turn-in a. rare, that turns or folds in; turn indicator, (a) Aeronaut. (see quot. 1930); (b) = indicator 3 g; turn-lathe, a turning-lathe; turn-mark, a buoy or boat round which yachts turn in racing; turn-net: see quot.; turn-off a., that is turned off, or turns off; that is taken or got off by turning or screwing; n. that which is turned off; in quot., the quantity of any product finished and disposed of; † turn-pate, a crested pigeon: cf. turn-crowned; turn-penny, a person who is intent on profit (cf. turn v. 15 b); turn-pin, (a) a pin that turns, or on which something turns; a pivot; (b) a conical plug for stopping or enlarging the end of a pipe; turn-plate, † (a) a curved plate-rail; (b) = turntable 1; turn-plough, a plough with a mould-board, which turns over the furrow-slice, as distinct from a shovel-plough (Cent. Dict., Suppl. 1909); † turn-point, turning-point; in quot., the sun's ‘turning-point’: see tropic n. 1 a; † turn-poke, in cock-fighting, a game-cock of the largest breed; = shake-bag 1; turn-rail = turntable 1; also, a point or switch for directing railway vehicles from one line to another; turn-row, the space at the side of a field in which the horses turn in ploughing, used as a path (U.S.); turn-saw, a narrow saw for cutting curves (= turning-saw, turning vbl. n. 13); turn-scale a., that (merely) turns the scale: cf. make-weight 2; turn-screw, a screw-driver; also, a wrench; turn-shoe, a shoe that is made inside out and then turned: see quots.; a pump; turn-side, a disease of cattle, also affecting the dog, resembling the gid in sheep: cf. turn-sick n., turnabout b; turn signal U.S. = indicator 3 g; turn-skin (rendering L. versipellis), one who turns or changes his skin; spec. one who can turn into a wolf at will, a were-wolf; † turn-stair, a winding staircase; turn-stick, a tourniquet consisting of a bandage tightened by twisting a stick or bar passed through it; turn-stitch, in knitting, = purl-stitch (purl n.1 5); in lace-making: see quot. 18822; turn-stool, a stool with a revolving seat; † turn-tale Rhet. = apostrophe1 1; † turn-tippet, a turncoat, a renegade: see tippet n. 1 e; turn-to, a tussle, a set-to; also, a beginning or setting to work (in quot. attrib.); † turn-tool, a turning lathe; turn-tree = turn-beam; turn-trencher, a game of forfeits in which a trencher or the like is spun; more commonly turn the trencher; turn-turtle a. (nonce-wd.), in which one turns turtle and dies; turn-under, the curving in of a carriage-body towards the bottom; † turn-wheel, ? a boy employed to turn a lathe or rope-wheel; † turn-wicket, a kissing-gate.
1933Jrnl. R. Aeronaut. Soc. XXXVII. 930 If operating in daylight, they must have a complete set of instruments including duplicate *turn and bank indicators, compass, air speed indicator, [etc.]. 1981Pilot Jan. 45/1 A Motorola low-frequency transceiver with..altimeter, turn-and-bank and a clock.
1955Liptrot & Woods Rotorcraft iii. 25 Further instruments include..*turn-and-slip indicator. 1978A. Welch Bk. of Airsports ii. 36/2 The instruments used to cope with cloud flying are either a turn-and-slip indicator or an artificial horizon, or both.
1688Bunyan Jerus. Sinner Saved (1886) 42 Witness those *turn-aways from God that you also read of in Jeremiah. 1858Dickens Let. 11 Aug., Wherever I read twice the turn⁓away is invariably on the second occasion. 1867Ibid. (1880) II. 277 We had an enormous turn-away last night, and do not doubt about having a cram to-night.
1881Raymond Mining Gloss., *Turn-bat, a wooden stick used in turning the tongs which hold a bloom under the hammer. 1909in Cent. Dict. Suppl.
1679Phil. Collect. XII. 7 The *turn⁓beam which hangs over the shaft has been thrown off its frame by the force of it [explosion]. 1828Webster s.v. Jig⁓pin, A pin used by miners to hold the turn-beams, and prevent them from turning.
1680Moxon Mech. Exerc. xiii. 225 An Iron Lathe called a *Turn-Bench..When they use it they screw it in the Chaps of a Vice. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 359/2 To work small work in Metal..a Turn-Bench. 1895Model Steam Engine 94 Turn Bench..a miniature lathe, used for small turning, and to which the..circular motion is imparted by a catgut bow.
1896Daily News 29 June 7/1 Ailsa rapidly gained.., and at the *turn⁓boat she had reduced the gap between her and Britannia to five minutes.
1596in Richmond Wills (Surtees) 226 Inventorium..a *torne boltte: a peate sledd..etc. 1898Daily News 9 May 3/1 The Lee Turnbolt Rifle..is easily kept in order by a soldier or sportsman.
1703T. N. City & C. Purchaser 100 Smiths..ask'd me 6d. per Pound for Casements..with *Turn⁓bouts (or Turn-buckles, as some call'd 'em) or Cock-spurs, and Pull-backs at the Hind-side to pull them to with.
1767S. Paterson Another Trav. I. 109 Their draw bridges,..*turn-bridges, as the bars of turnpikes. 1861Smiles Engineers II. 361 The turnbridges which he introduced upon his canals, instead of the old drawbridges.
1849Noad Electricity ix. (ed. 3) 419 The rings are secured in the circular rabbett of the square piece of wood..by small *turn buttons. 1893J. A. Hodges Elem. Photogr. (1907) 33 Two turn⁓buttons, screwed to the window frame, will keep the frame in position.
1688R. Holme Armoury ii. 65/2 The Mountain Lilly Imperial,..by Florists called Martagon Imperial, but by common People the *Turn-Cap. 1842G. Francis Dict. Arts, Turn-Cap, a chimney top, which turns round with the wind. 1908[Miss Fowler] Betw. Trent & Ancholme 14 The little bright scarlet or ‘Turn-cap’ Lily.
1765Treat. Dom. Pigeons 134 The Trumpeter..very feather⁓footed and leg'd, *turn-crown'd like the nun. 1859Darwin Orig. Spec. v. (1872) 127 The parent rock-pigeon was not feather-footed or turn-crowned.
1877Knight Dict. Mech., *Turn-file, a burnisher used in throwing up slight burs on the edges of the comb-maker's files, the teeth of which are originally made by the file and not by the chisel.
1789Brand Hist. Newcastle II. 256 note, Waggons, after being emptied, are brought round into the road or waggon⁓way by a *turn-frame.
1810in Thirsk & Imray Suffolk Farming 19th Cent. (1958) ii. 77 Various sorts of mould boards, *turn furrows or breast plates. 1837Flemish Husb. 15 in Libr. Usef. Knowl., Husb. III, The sole is a kind of sledge, formed by the end of the share towards the heel, and the lower edge of the turn-furrow.
1905Pall Mall G. 29 May 2/2 Some belated visitor hurrying to leave the gardens by one of the *turngates.
1851Newland The Erne 352, I..gaffed him out of the great boiling *turnhole below.
1894Outing (U.S.) XXIV. 249/2 Under the seat..of the car was a sort of turn-up or *turn-in bunk, with a comfortable hair-mattress.
1919Nature CIV. 183/2 A trustworthy *turn-indicator and improved compass made accurate navigation through clouds possible. 1930P. M. Henshaw Air Questions & Answers 180 A Turn Indicator is an instrument that warns a pilot when the machine is turning right or left in circumstances (at night or in a cloud) when he would not be aware of it. 1953C. A. Lindbergh Spirit of St. Louis ii. vi. 303, I glance at the turn indicator, kicking rudder slightly as I do so. The needle jumps over to the side. Yes, it's working properly. 1959Motor Manual (ed. 36) vi. 183 Flashing turn indicators are operated either by a switch..mounted on the steering column, or by an independent switch mounted within easy reach of the driver. 1970Motoring Which? July 88/2 All had warning lights for ignition, turn indicators and headlamp main beam.
1665–6Phil. Trans. I. 71 The contrivance of Signor Campani for making Great Optick-Glasses, by the means of a *Turn-lath.
1896Daily News 29 June 7/1 Britannia closed on the leaders and had the *turn mark first.
1883G. C. Davies Norfolk Broads xxxvi. (1884) 278 The ‘*turn-net’... This was a long drag-net, having a pocket at one end. This end was fixed to the bank, and the other paid out so as to enclose a space of water, and then drawn ashore, when the fish were driven into the pocket.
1688R. Holme Armoury iii. xviii. (Roxb.) 135/1 A *Turn off screwed barrell is a barrell of two peeces and screwed together iust at the height of the charge. Ibid., Turn off vnscrewed, is when the barrell is in two peeces as foresaid and the top part bored round. 1889Daily News 5 Aug. 11/3 The turnoff from looms is very limited, prices very steady. Bleached and finished stocks are very small.
1611Cotgr. s.v. Hupé, Pigeons hupez, copped, or crested Pigeons, called about London, *Turn-pats.
[1824Scott Redgauntlet xii, That's always the way with old *Turnpenny,..he cares for nothing of the trade but the profit.] 1872De Morgan Budget of Paradoxes 83 Some observant turn⁓penny might construct such a treatise as this from the third book.
1862Catal. Internat. Exhib. II. xi. 16 The centre of the breech-piece being cut away, all the strain acts upon the attaching of the *turnpin. 1877Knight Dict. Mech., Turn-pin, a plug for stopping the flow from the open end of a pipe. A tube-stopper.
1797J. Curr Coal Viewer 25 Plain *turn plates. Used for going round a turn. 1838Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. I. 164/2 The shed for the engines and the coaches is erected—the necessary turnplates fixed.
1854G. N. Jones Florida Plantation Rec. (1927) 104, I think you will nead about 10 *turnplowes. 1907T. F. Hunt Forage & Fiber Crops 352 The land having been plowed with an ordinary mold board or turn plow.
1587Golding De Mornay vii. (1592) 86 The Sunne maketh there his naturall course in the Zodiacke between the two Tropickes or *Turnepointes.
1615Markham Pleas. Princes (1635) 42 The huge Cocke (which we call the *turne-Pocke). 1773Pegge in Archæologia (1775) III. 142 What our sports⁓men call Shakebags, or Turn-pokes.
1793Smeaton Edystone L. §167 note, The carriage being turned a quarter round upon the Turnpike, or *Turnrail. 1801W. Coxe Monmouthshire xxiv. II. 231 At the junction of two roads.., moveable rails, called turn rails, are occasionally used, which are fastened with screws.., and may be pushed sideways. 1838Simms Publ. Wks. Gt. Brit. 49 The turn-rails to be twelve feet diameter..the table to be hung on a centre pivot.
1885‘C. E. Craddock’ Prophet Gt. Smoky Mts. 3 A young man..came to a meditative halt in the *turn-row. 1888Atlantic Monthly May 677/1 All adown the turn-row between the ranks of corn.
1875Carpentry & Join. 16 For cutting out curved or circular pieces,..the sweep saw or *turn saw..comes into..use.
1841L'pool Mercury 11 June 196/2 The majority..was only a *turn-scale one; but it was expected to be on the other side.
1778J. Woodforde Diary 4 June (1924) I. 226 For a *turn screw and picker for a gun pd 0. 1. 0. 1801Sporting Mag. XVII. 148 Be the spare flint, and ready turn-screw there. 1837Civil Eng. & Architect's Jrnl. I. 29/1 The fourth was screwed into the bed of the river..by a curious windlass, and lengthening turn-screw, worked by forty men. 1889Henty With Lee in Virginia (1890) 176 By a strong turn-screw a bar could be removed in five minutes.
1886Encycl. Brit. XXI. 830/2 The making of ‘*turn shoes’ embraces all work in which there is only one thin flexible sole which is sewed to the upper while outside in and turned over when completed. Mod. Advt., The shoe is made inside out and then turned. ‘Turn shoes’ they are called in some parts of the country.
1845Youatt Dog vi. 118 *Turnside, or Giddiness..a singular disease prevalent among cattle, but only occasionally seen in the dog.
1949N.Y. Times 20 Mar. ii. 19/5 Mechanical *turn signals must be standard equipment on all new motor vehicles sold in Minnesota after July 1. 1977J. Wambaugh Black Marble (1978) vi. 79 He started the Plymouth, flicked on his turn signal,..then pulled into traffic.
1831A. H. in Will. & Werwolf (1832) 6 That notion has become so inveterate, that a *turnskin (versipellis) is become a common term of reproach. 1861T. L. Peacock Gryll Gr. xxxiv, I felt that he was a turnskin, and I could never after taste bread with him. 1871Tylor Prim. Cult. I. iii. 77 Men who are versipelles or turnskins have the actual faculty of jumping out of their skins, to become for a time wolves.
1616Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme 17 Vnder, or vpon the side of your *turne-stayres,..your Farmer shall haue a way into the Gardens.
1813J. Thomson Lect. Inflam. 259 The *turn-stick is still a very useful instrument,..but its place in operation is now generally supplied by the screw tourniquet.
1882Caulfeild & Saward Dict. Needlework 286/2 *Turn-Stitch, another name for Purl. Ibid. 504/2 Turn Stitch. Also known as Turning Stitch, used [in lace-making]..at the end of a row..is made with a Cloth Stitch and a half⁓Cloth Stitch as follows: Work a Cloth Stitch, give each pair of Bobbins one Twist to the left, put the middle left hand Bobbin over the middle right; lift the two pairs with each hand. 1893E. Rosevear Text-bk. Needlework, etc. 405 Purl, Pearl, Seam, Rib, and Turn Stitch all mean the same thing.
1890S. W. Baker Wild Beasts I. 153 The watcher will sit upon a low *turn stool, that will enable him to rest in comfort.
1589Puttenham Eng. Poesie iii. xix. (Arb.) 244 Apostrophe, or the *turnetale.
1558Cranmer Confut. Unwritten Verities Pref. C ij margin, The priestes for the most part wer double faced, *turne tippettes and flattere[r]s. 1562Pilkington Expos. Abdyas Pref. 14 All turntippets that turn with the worlde, and kepe their livings still, should have no office in Christs Church.
1893Huxley Evol. & Ethics 7 A *turn-to with a giant. 1909Chron. Lond. Mission. Soc. Aug. 150/2 This nine o'clock ‘turn-to’ whistle is also the signal for a girls' muster.
1665Phil. Trans. I. 2 Campani..pretends to have found a way to work great Optick Glasses with a *Turne-tool, without any mould.
1653E. Manlove Lead-mines 268 (E.D.S.) Crosses, Holes, Hange-benches, *Turntree, and Coes. 1747Hooson Miner's Dict. E ij, If he once set on his Stoce and Turn⁓tree, and falls to drawing. 1829Glover's Hist. Derby I. 74 The spindles of a turn-tree, or rope-barrel, for winding up ore in small tubs.
1837Howitt Rur. Life ii. ii. (1862) 101 The old games of blindman's-buff, *turn-trencher and forfeits..pursued in the evening firelight.
1951Dylan Thomas in World Rev. Oct. 66 Dolphins dive in their *turnturtle dust.
1891Cent. Dict., *Turn-under. 1908Westm. Gaz. 16 Nov. 4/2 The back panel in particular is conspicuously attractive, by reason of..the ‘big turn-under’ from top to bottom, the very large side-sweep.
1672–3in Welch Hist. Pewterers' Co. (1902) II. 145 [Richard Heath was summoned..for setting his] *Turn Wheel to work on y⊇ mistery [by employing him to pour saudware and open a mould. A ‘turn-wheel’ was an unskilled labourer, usually a lad].
1816T. Parker Ess. Turnpike Gate 18 The three posts in front of the *turn⁓wicket should be sawed into octagons. |