| 释义 |
turbary|ˈtɜːbərɪ|
Forms: 4–6 turbarye, (5 turbere), 5–7 turbarie, (6 to(u)rberie), 8 turbery, 6– turbary.
[a. AF. turberie (Britton), a. OF. turb-, torb-, tourberie (12–13th c. in Godef.), med.L. turbāria, f. OF. tourbe (Swiss turbe), med.L. turba, ad. LG. turf or turv: see turf.]
1. a. Land, or a piece of land, where turf or peat may be dug for fuel; a peat-bog or peat-moss.
[1292Britton ii. xxix. §3 Mes si turberie, ou bruere, ou herbage, ou pesson,..soit tenu en commun par entre parceners ou veisins, et acun face exces [etc.]. 1314–15Rolls of Parlt. I. 313/2 A fower tourbes en la tourberie denz lour Commune pasture. ]1363Cockersand Chartul. (Chetham Soc.) I. 64 They may.. delfe theyr turves in y⊇ mosse and turbarye in Gayrstang. 1455Rolls of Parlt. V. 311/2, cc acres of Turbarie in the marshe of Holand. 1571Lanc. Wills (Chetham Soc.) II. 244 My mosse and turbarie commonly called Toft Mosse. 1583Shuttleworths' Acc. (ibid.) 15 For turbery and paustere. Ibid., For his tourberie and pausture. Ibid., For his torberie and pastre. 1607Norden Surv. Dial. ii. 66 Woodsales, sales of heath, flags, and Turbarie. 1765Acts 5 Geo. III c. 26 Preamble, Moors, marshes, turbarys, waters,..commons, and other commodities. 1832Lyell Princ. Geol. II. 215 In a turbary on the estate of the Earl of Moira, in Ireland, a human body was dug up,..covered with eleven feet of moss. 1865Lubbock Preh. Times i. (1869) 19 This sword was discovered in a turbary..in a large boat, which had evidently been sunk.
†b. transf. The substance obtained from or forming a turbary; peat. Obs.
c1440Jacob's Well 38 In tythyng of wyn,..of flex, of hemp, of turbarye & fewall, of frute of treen. 1798Trans. Soc. Arts XVI. 241 The soil consists chiefly of about twelve inches of turbary, and under that, gravel or stone.
2. Law. In full common of turbary: The right to cut turf or peat for fuel on a common or on another person's land.
1567Lanc. Wills (Chetham Soc.) II. 84 Concerning turbarye and sute of Court. 1622Callis Stat. Sewers (1647) 106 Common of Pischary, Turbary, or of Pasture in great Fens, Marishes and Wastes, may be charged..for their Commons. 1641Termes de la Ley 209 Turbary is an interest of digging turfes upon a common. 1798J. Middleton View Agric. Middlesex 103 The value of the commons..including..pasturage, locality of situation, and the barbarous custom of turbary. 1807Vancouver Agric. Devon (1813) 294 The parishioners have a right of turbary on these moors, by which they have been much injured. 1884Times (weekly ed.) 19 Sept. 6/4 Each infinitesimal right of grazing or turbary had to be surveyed, examined into.
3. a. attrib. and Comb.
1850Mantell in Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. VI. 327 The so-called ‘turbary deposit’, whence bones of the Moa..have been obtained. 1896N. Brit. Daily Mail 8 June 4 The clauses relating to purchase, turbary rights, and other matters. 1896Speaker 18 July 58/2 The turbary and sea-wrack clause will have the most important effects.
b. [tr. G. torf-.] Applied to kinds of domesticated sheep and pig of prehistoric times that were first found in turbaries in Swiss lake-dwellings.
1908R. Pumpelly Explorations Turkestan I. i. v. 67 The turbary sheep (Torfschaf) and..the turbary pig (Torfschwein)..appear towards the end of the neolithic period. 1912R. Lydekker Sheep & its Cousins vii. 150 An apparently pure-blooded breed of small sheep inhabiting Crete..is identified by Dr. Keller with the turbary sheep. 1920J. Ritchie Animal Life Scotl. 40 Even in Neolithic times the Turbary or Peat Sheep..was widely distributed in Scotland. 1936Antiquity X. 203 We find a small sheep with erect horns,..the so-called ‘goat-horned’ or turbary sheep. 1963F. E. Zeuner Hist. Domesticated Animals x. 257 In the earlier group of Neolithic lake-dwellings the small turbary pig (Sus palustris Rütimeyer) occurs beside the ordinary European wild pig. There is no doubt that this turbary pig was introduced into Switzerland by Neolithic man from the East. Ibid. 258 According to Kuhn, the turbary pig has survived to the present day in some of the Alpine valleys. 1972Science 12 May 656/2 With regard to sheep and pig, he believes that the well-known turbary type..is a natural product of malnutrition and poor care. |