| 释义 |
▪ I. gather, n.1|ˈgæðə(r)|
[f. gather v.]
1. a. The amount gathered, crop, harvest. b. Contraction, drawing together. rare. c. The action of ‘gathering’ a ball (see gather v. 4 d).
1555W. Watreman Fardle Facions ii. i. 114 He that is lorde and gouernour among them, when the whole gather (of Cinamome) is brought together, deuideth out vnto euery man his heape. 1893Strand Mag. VI. 188/1 There was no sign of agitation save the pitiful gather in the brows. 1921E. H. D. Sewell Rugby Football iii. facing p. 64 (caption) A ‘gather’ at full-speed..of a well-heeled ball.
2. a. Pl. the gathers, that part of a dress which is gathered or drawn in (cf. the vb. 11 b).
1663Butler Hud. i. iii. 925 Give us laws for pantaloons, The length of breeches, and the gathers, Port-cannons, perriwigs, and feathers. 1704Cibber Careless Husb. v. vi, Take and lay this Silver Plain all along the Gathers. 1768Sterne Sent. Journ. (1778) II. 98 (Temptation) A stitch or two had broke out in the gathers of my stock. 1862Mrs. H. Wood Mrs. Hallib. II. xxv. 301, I have done all the stitching and nearly the plain part of the bodies; I shall soon be at the gathers. 1889Daily News 6 Jan. 3/1 A coffee-coloured lace skirt mounted in gathers at the waist, and falling straight to the feet.
b. In sing. rare—1.
1880Plain Hints 19 The take up of each gather should be lightly and neatly done.
c. out of the gathers: ‘out of order, in distressed circumstances’ (Halliwell 1847–78).
3. a. techn. ‘The inclination forward of an axle journal, or spindle, usually one-tenth of its diameter’ (Knight Dict. Mech. 1874).
b. Glass-making. A mass of molten glass on the end of a punty or blowing-iron.
1934in Webster. 1944Electronic Engin. XVII. 101 A portion of hot glass, called a gather, is made to drop into a mould in which the loose pins have previously been assembled. 1967C. Gaskin Edge of Glass viii. 187 They blew a gather of glass into a mould.
4. Comb.: gather-dam, a dam for collecting water.
1768J. Gray Refl. Inland Navig. in J. Phillips Hist. Inland Navig. (1795) 307 Every reader may recollect what great quantities he has seen collected in gather-dams, or mill-ponds, by banks above their surface; and..it is..easy to form a string or chain of gather-dams from sea to sea.
▪ II. † ˈgather, n.2 Obs.
Forms: 6 gader, gad(d)re, gaither, geither, 7 geather, 6–8 gather.
[Prob. a spec. sense of prec.; cf. pluck.]
The pluck (heart, liver and lights) of an animal, esp. of a sheep or calf. Also pl.
1530Palsgr. 223/2 Gaddre, as a calfes gadre or a shepes, froissure de ueav ov de motton. 1598Deloney Jacke Newb. viii. 103 The sheepes heads and the gathers, which you give away at your gate, might serve them well enough. 1616Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme 41 You must apply vpon the head of the patient the lungs of a Sheepe newly killed, or the whole Gather. 1678J. Phillips Tavernier's Trav., Persia iii. xii. 129 These three old men take a Sheep or a Goat..cut the throat of it..boil it whole, all but the Gathers. 1783Ainsworth Lat. Dict. (Morell) i. s.v. Calf, A calf's pluck, or gather, exta vitulina.
▪ III. gather, v.|ˈgæðə(r)|
Forms: 1–2 gad(e)rian, gæd(e)rian, (1 gadorian, Northumb. geadriᵹa), 3 gaddren, gæderen, 3–5 gadir, gider, geder(e(n, 3–6 gader(e(n, 4 gadrie, gethur, 4–5 gedur, -yr, gedder, -ar, gadre, 6 geddur, gether, geather, gadder, 6– gather.
[c gray][OE. gad(e)rian = OFris. gad(e)ria, gaduria (mod.Fris. gearjen), MDu., Du. gaderen (garen), MLG. gadern, MHG. (Mid.Ger.) gatern:—WGer. type *gadurôjan. The OE. form gæd(e)rian, whence the ME. geder(en, etc., and the wide-spread mod. dialectal pronunciation (ˈgɛðə(r)[/c]), is prob. due to the influence of the related OE. (tó)gædere together, where the vocalism normally represents a WGer. type *gadurî. Cf. OE. gæder-, gader- (in gæder-tang continuous), ᵹeador together; also Du. gader-, te gader together; the OTeut. root is *gad- as in OE. gæd union, ᵹegada companion, gædeling gadling.
There is no trace in ME. or dialects of any palatalization of the initial consonant in this or any of the related words. Until the 16th c. the words were, with few exceptions, spelt with d; for the change to th see father.]
I. trans.
†1. (Only in forms with prefixed ᵹe-.) To join or unite; to put together, form by union. Obs. since early ME.
c725Corpus Gloss. 512 Compactis, ᵹegædradon. c825Vesp. Hymns xiii, Ðæt..ðu..usic to gode ᵹegadrades [L. conjunxeris] ðo[r]h flæsces gemænnisse. c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xix. 6 Þæt forðon god ᵹegeadrade [L. coniunxit], monn ne to-slite. a1000Soul & Body 160 Forðan wyt bioð ᵹegæderode æt godes dome. c1175Lamb. Hom. 147 An is..þet faire icunde þet is igedered bi-twene saule and licame. c1230Hali Meid. 27 Muche confort haueð wif of hire were þat beoð wel igedered.
2. a. To bring (persons, or occas. animals) together; to cause to assemble in one place or company; to collect (an army, a flock, etc.). Also to gather together (or † gather samen). In early examples also with ᵹe- prefix.
a975O.E. Chron. (Parker MS.) an. 973 Þær wæs preosta heap..gleawra ᵹegaderod. a1000Andreas 1556 (Gr.) Þa þær an ongann..folc gadoriᵹean. a1000Soul & Body 51 On þam miclan dæᵹe. Þonne monna cynn se ancenda ealle ᵹegædrað [Verc. ᵹesamnað]. a1121O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1117 Normandiᵹ wearð swiðe ᵹedreht..þurh fyrde þe se cing Henri þær onᵹean gaderode. c1175Lamb. Hom. 89 Þa weren þer igedered wiðinne þere buruh of ierusalem trowfeste men. c1200Ormin 16462 He wollde..gaddrenn himm an haliȝ follc Off alle kinne lede. c1275Lay. 1863 Vppen one doune..þat folk was igadered. a1300Cursor M. 5784 Ga, gedir samen þin eldir men Of all þi folk of israel. c1386Chaucer Prol. 824 Up roos our host..And gadrede us togidre, alle in a flok. c1440Generydes 947 This fals Stiward he had gaderid people grete. a1533Ld. Berners Huon xciv. 305 Than Huon cryed his crye to gader his men togyther. 1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, iii. ii. 102 Gather we our forces out of hand And set vpon our boasting enemie. 1638F. Junius Paint. Ancients 132 The Lacedæmonians together with their confederates having gathered an Armie of forty thousand men. 1711Budgell Spect. No. 77 ⁋6 Will was standing in the midst of several Auditors whom he had gathered round him. 1802M. Edgeworth Moral T. (1816) I. xv. 119 He saw a crowd of people gathered before the..window. 1874Green Short Hist. ii. §2. 65 He at once gathered his forces and marched upon Gloucester.
†b. refl. To come together in a body, to assemble. Obs.
921O.E. Chron. (Parker MS.) an. 921 æfter þam..ᵹegadorode micel folc hit on Eadweardes cynges anwalde. c1205Lay. 4032 Gumen heom igaderen. c1340Cursor M. 11081 (Trin.) To gider gidered þei hem alle. c1400Destr. Troy 9044 Then the Grekes by a-grement gedrit hom somyn. 1535Coverdale Josh. xviii. 1 And all the multitude of the children of Israel gathered them selues together vnto Silo. 1611Bible Job xvi. 10 They haue gathered themselues together against mee.
c. In the Biblical phrase to be gathered to one's fathers, to one's people: to be buried with one's ancestors; hence, to die.
Although to be gathered to one's fathers is the form of the expression that has become proverbial, it occurs only in one passage of the canonical books and twice in the Apocrypha.
1382Wyclif Gen. xxv. 8 [Abraham] was gaderyd [L. congregatus est] to his puple. ― Judg. ii. 10 And al that generacioun is gedrid to her fadris [1535 Coverdale, gathered; 1611, id.]. 1611Bible 1 Macc. ii. 69 So he blessed them, and was gathered to his fathers [otherwise in earlier versions]. 1842Tennyson St. Sim. Styl. 194 When I am gather'd to the glorious Saints. 1889Froude Two Chiefs Dunboy viii, No change was to be made till MacFinnan Dhu had been gathered to his fathers.
d. ? U.S. with in: To receive into a religious community.
1880Howells Undisc. Country viii. 114 They looked like stage players to me; before I was gathered in I used often to see such folks.
3. a. To bring (things) together; to collect from different quarters into one mass or place; to acquire by such means, to amass. Also to gather together.
c1000Ags. Ps. (Th.) xxxviii. 8 [xxxix. 6] Hy gaderiað feoh, and nyton hwam hy hyt gadriað. c1200Vices & Virtues (1888) 47 Se ðe gadereð mihtes [L. qui virtutes congregat] wiðuten eadmodnesse. c1200Ormin 1484 Þu..gaddresst swa þe clene corn all fra þe chaff togeddre. a1225Ancr. R. 146 Hercneð nu..hu god þinc hit is uorte..gederen ine þeosternesse..soule uode. a1300Cursor M. 6502 (Gött.) Þair golden tresur gadrid þai samen. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xix. cxvi. (1495) 920 Many dyuers thynges gadryd togyder ben one: as many stonys makyth one hepe. c1450tr. De Imitatione i. xxiii. 32 Whiles þou hast tyme, gadre riches immortale. a1533Ld. Berners Huon lii. 176 Huon had ynough to do to gather togyther the clothes. 1611Bible Prov. xxviii. 8 He that by vsurie and vniust gaine increaseth his substance, he shall gather it for him that wil pity the poore. 1697Dryden Virg. Past. vi. 52 How Seas, and Earth, and Air, and active Flame..were blindly gather'd in this goodly Ball. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) V. 233 The place being thus determined upon, they begin to gather the materials for their nest. 1779–81Johnson L.P., Gay, He died without a will, though he had gathered three thousand pounds. 1825Lytton Falkland 14 We gather the honey of worldly wisdom, not from flowers, but thorns.
refl.1664Power Exp. Philos. 145 The water..gathering it self into round bubbles..would fall to the ground. 1871Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) IV. xix. 417 A small town had gathered itself outside the episcopal precinct.
†b. absol. To accumulate wealth. Obs.
a1225Ancr. R. 222 [He] bringeð hire on to gederen and ȝiuen alre erest þe pure. a1300Cursor M. 26824 Quat bot on aside gadir til, And on anoþer side to spill. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xii. 53 Riche renkes riȝt so gaderen and sparen, And tho men that thei moste haten mynistren it atte laste. c1440Gesta Rom. lxix. 311 (Harl. MS.) When þat þei se a man gadery or purchesse [v.r. gadre richesse] thenne þei sey, ‘loo! he is a carle’.
c. To pick up (a living).
1461Paston Lett. No. 427 II. 71, I have as moche as I may to gader myn ownne lyfflode, and truli, cosyn, I can not gader that well. 1858Froude Hist. Eng. III. xiv. 256 Sturdy vagrants whose living had been gathered hitherto at the doors of the religious houses.
4. a. To collect (flowers, fruit) from the place of growth; to cull, pick, pluck.
a1000Phoenix 193 in Exeter Bk., Þonne feor and neah þa swetestan somnað and gædrað wyrta wynsume and wudu⁓bleda. a1300Cursor M. 12523 He sent him to þe yerd..for to gedir þam sum cale. c1386Chaucer Merch. T. 987 Whil that she gadered floures in the mede. 1489Caxton Faytes of A. iii. i. 168 Take and gadre of the tree that is in my gardyn somme fruytes of whiche thou shalt use. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. iii. (1586) 135 b, Gather all these Hearbes in Sommer, and keepe them, and make them in powder. 1611Shakes. Cymb. i. v. 1 Whiles yet the dewe's on ground, Gather those Flowers. 1661Boyle Style of Script. (1675) 209 He [David] gathered bayes both on Parnassus and in the field of honor. 1715[see gathered ppl. a.]. 1717Berkeley Tour in Italy Wks. 1871 IV. 552 A physician gathering simples in a field. 1820W. Irving Sketch Bk. I. 52 I've been gathering some of the most delicious strawberries. 1887Bowen Virg. Eclog. ii. 18 White hedge flowers we abandon, to gather the hyacinth dark.
b. To collect (grain, fruit, etc.) as harvest or annual produce; also to gather in.
c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xiii. 30 In tid hripes ic willo cuoeða ðæm hrippe-monnum, geadriᵹes vel somniᵹes [L. colligite] ærist ða unwæstma vel wilde ata. a1100Gerefa in Anglia IX. 261 Fela tilða ham gæderian. c1175Lamb. Hom. 135 Alse me saweð sed on ane time, and gedereð þet frute on oðer time. a1300Cursor M. 4060 He-self was on þe feld biside To geder corn in herueistide. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) vii. 26 Men of þat cuntree, what tyme þat felde sall be tilled, getes þam Cristen men for to tille it and to geder it. 1535Coverdale Isa. lxii. 9 But they that haue gathered in the corne, shal eate it. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. ii. vi. 36 b, Out of these..cuttes proceedeth the Masticke by droppes as it were Gum, which they gather in the moneth of September. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 200 To quit his Care, he gather'd first of all In Spring the Roses, Apples in the Fall. 1816J. Smith Panorama Sc. & Art II. 694 Gather the remaining fruits. 1870Yeats Nat. Hist. Comm. 2 We do not merely gather in the indigenous materials of the country where we live, but [etc.].
c. To cull or pluck (a single flower or fruit).
1588[see gathered 1 b]. 1667Milton P.L. iv. 271 That faire field Of Enna, where Proserpin gathering flowrs, Her self a fairer floure, by gloomie Dis Was gathered. 1681Dryden Span. Friar v. i, Like a Rose just gather'd from the Stalk. 1799Mrs. J. West Tale of Times I. 62 The rose grows so close to the thorn, that you cannot gather it without encountering a painful sensation.
transf.1844Bp. S. Wilberforce Hist. Protest. Episc. Ch. Amer. (1846) 5 But the native thus cruelly gathered was not the only specimen they gathered.
d. To pick up. (See also 16 a.) Esp. to pick up (a) a ball in fielding at cricket or in rugby football, or (b) a shot bird.
1715[see gathered ppl. a.]. 1838Sheffield Independent 29 Sept., Gathered the ball. 1846,1851[see gauntlet1 1, 5]. 1891Hurlingham Club Rules 14 All birds must be gathered by the dog or trapper, and no member shall have the right to gather his own bird. 1892W. W. Greener Breech-Loader 225 If a wounded bird struggles in front of you from a companion's gun, drop it if you can. Explain to the first shooter that you did so to save time in gathering it. 1898Daily News 7 Feb. 8/6 [Rugby Football] Having to gather the ball off the floor, instead of receiving it high up and fairly straight. 1925D. J. Knight More Compleat Cricketer 12 The ball must be gathered in the palm of the hand. Ibid., Gather it off the ground with a kind of sweeping movement.
†5. To collect or bring together (literary matter); to compile. Obs.
a1000Ags. Astron. in Treat. Science (1841) 1 Of ðære bec þe Beda..ᵹesette and gaderode of maneᵹra wisa lareowa bocum. 1450–1530Myrr. our Ladye 29 Thou gadrest and made many bokes out of holy scripture. 1482Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 38 Some thynges y wylle gedur to gedur of some certeyn persons what they sofryd afore ther dethe and after ther dethe. 1562Turner (title) A Book of the natures and properties..of the bathes in England..Germany and Italy..gathered by William Turner Doctor of Physik. 1571Hanmer Chron. Irel. (1633) 40 What Bale hath formerly written, I find he hath gathered out of Vincentius, Antoninus [and others]. 1677Miege Dict. Eng.-Fr. s.v., He gathered his lights from the most impartial authority's.
6. Of material objects: To be the means of bringing together or accumulating; to receive addition of.
a1225Ancr. R. 138 Wiðuten salt, fleshs gedereð wurmes. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xiii. xxiii. (1495) 455 The see gadryth aboue a fome of smytynge and betynge of wawes. 1579Gosson Sch. Abuse (Arb.) 52 Standing streames geather filth; flowing riuers are euer sweet. 1611Bible Joel ii. 6 All faces shall gather blacknesse. 1670Sir S. Crow in 12th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 15 The silke sleizie and not Naples, which will soone grow rough, gather dust and sullie. 1687Miege Gt. Fr. Dict. ii. s.v., To gather Rust (or to grow rusty) as Steel and Iron does. 1821Clare Vill. Minstr. I. 131 Which the early-rising lass Climbs with milk-pail gathering cream. 1850Tennyson In Mem. ci, That beech will gather brown. 1885Athenæum 23 May 669/1 The thick-standing trees gather golden and ruddy tints.
Prov.1573–80Tusser Husb. (1878) 24 The stone that is rouling can gather no mosse.
7. a. To collect (money or other contributions) from a number of people. Now rare. Also absol. to make or take up a collection (obs. exc. dial.).
1389in Eng. Gilds (1870) 3 Which wardeins schul gadere þ⊇ qwarterage of bretheren & sustren. c1440Jacob's Well (E.E.T.S.) 24 Þei may neyther gaderyn here tythes, ne kepyn hem, ne fecchyn hem. 1532Privy Purse Exp. Hen. VIII (1827) 257 Item the same daye paied to a woman that gathered for a Churche vijs. vjd. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 202 This yere sayth Fabian, the king gathered the sixt penny of all temporall mennes goodes..which was graunted unto him in the aforesayd Parliament. 1600J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa ii. 171 Being vassals unto the king of Fez..out of which they yeerely gather ten thousand duckats. 1668Pepys Diary (1877) V. 156 While the sexton was gathering to his box, to which I did give 5s. 1710Prideaux Orig. Tithes iv. 167 This Law..enabled the Clergy to gather and recover Tithes. 1896Hetton-le-hole Gloss., Gather, make a collection (‘gathering’) in money.
†b. in indirect passive. Obs.
c1592Marlowe Jew of Malta ii. ii, Hoping to see them..gather'd for in our Synagogue. 1615Dr. King Serm. 57 (T.) Few Sundays come over our head, but decayed householders or shipwrackt merchants are gathered for.
8. To collect or summon up (one's energies); to gain or recover (breath, etc.). Also to gather oneself (together).
c1400Destr. Troy 9860 All the grekes with grem gedret þere herttes. 1470–85Malory Arthur xiv. vi, Thenne he dyd of his helme for to gadre wynde, for he was gretely enchafed with the serpente. 1530Palsgr. 561/1, I gather my spyrites to me, as one dothe that hath maters layde to his charge. Ibid., I gather myselfe togyther as a man doth whan he intendeth to shewe his strength. 1545Act 37 Hen. VIII, c. 17 §2 The People gathereth Heart and Presumption to do Evil. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. vi. 19 The lucklesse lucky mayd..long time with that salvage people stayd, To gather breath in many miseryes. 1719De Foe Crusoe i. vi, While I was thus gathering Strength. 1768Ross Helenore i. 8 He had fa'en aswoon..But howsomever in a little wee Himsel he gathers, and begins to see. 1850Hawthorne Scarlet L. xvii, He had almost gone by, before Hester..could gather voice enough to attract his observation.
9. To collect or acquire by way of increase; to gain. † to gather ground: to gain ground, make progress. to gather head: to acquire strength; also, to swell as a festering sore. to gather way: ‘to begin to feel the impulse of the wind on the sails, so as to obey the helm’ (Adm. Smyth).
1590Marlowe Edw. II, ii. ii, Meantime, my lord of Pembroke and myself Will to Newcastle here, and gather head. 1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, iii. i. 76 The Time will come, that foule Sinne gathering head Shall breake into Corruption. 1643Baker Chron. ii. 21 No snow-ball ever gathered greatnesse so fast by rolling, as his Forces increased by marching forward. 1664Power Exp. Philos. 178 Then to gather Vent (as they call it) they straiten the Vault, and wall part of it up; so that the Ayr..gathers in strength, and runs more swiftly. 1667Milton P.L. xii. 631 As Ev'ning Mist..o're the Marish glides, And gathers ground fast at the Labourer's heel. 1687Miege Gt. Fr. Dict. ii. s.v., To gather Flesh, grossir. 1691Dryden Eleonora 4 Soft whispers first..rise..then the sound Soon gathers voice and spreads the news around. 1693― Ovid's Met. i. 730 He gathers ground upon her in the chase. 1697― Virg. Georg. iii. 693 Till the Core be found, The secret Vice is fed, and gathers Ground. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) I. 373 As the descending fluid gathers velocity in its precipitation. 1832Tennyson ‘You ask me why’ 13 Where faction seldom gathers head. 1866R. M. Ballantyne Shifting Winds xiv. (1881) 148 A light breeze was blowing, and the ship..soon gathered way, and left the boat behind.
10. To collect (knowledge) by observation and reasoning; to infer, deduce, conclude. (= L. colligere: cf. collect v. 5.)
1535Joye Apol. Tindale (Arb.) 23 Men gatherd that I denied the general reserreccion. 1556Recorde Cast. Knowledge 70 For this muche I may gether by that I haue learned already, that [etc.]. 1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 17 So farre as I gather by the substance of your letters. 1664Power Exp. Philos. 72 The Physiologist also may gather something from the former Observations, touching the nature of Colours. 1744Berkeley Siris §23 Pliny supposed amber to be a resin..which he gathered from its smell. 1816T. Jefferson Writ. (1830) IV. 297, I gather from his other works that he adopts the principle of Hobbes. 1893Law Times XCV. 303/1 She..usually, as I gather from the evidence, associated her daughter's name with her own in her investments.
11. a. To draw (a garment) into smaller compass; to contract (the brow) into wrinkles.
1617Moryson Itin. iii. 169 They gather the Vaile with their hands to cover all their faces, but onely the eyes. 1711Pope Temp. Fame 240 Gath'ring his flowing robe he seem'd to stand, In act to speak. 1790Burns Tam O'Shanter 11 Gathering her brows like gathering storm, Nursing her wrath to keep it warm. 1887Bowen Virg. æneid iv. 140 Golden the clasp that gathers her shining robe to her side.
b. spec. To draw together or pucker (part of a dress) by means of a thread.
1576Gascoigne Steele Glas (Arb.) 68 How ere their gownes, be gathered in the backe, With organe pipes. 1617Moryson Itin. iii. 169 They weare great large puffed breeches, gathered close above the knees. 1625Purchas Pilgrims ii. 1421 The women in Camienitz goe with their Coates close bodied, and the neather bodies gathered like a Frocke. 1711Steele Spect. No. 109 ⁋4 You see, Sir, my Great Great Great Grandmother has on the new-fashioned Petticoat, except that the Modern is gather'd at the Waste. 1848C. Brontë J. Eyre I. xiv. 275 A dress of rose-coloured satin..as full in the skirt as it could be gathered. 1875Plain Needlework 20 It is wiser, if the space into which the gathers are set be more than three inches, to gather only half or quarter [etc.].
c. Arch. To contract, close in or make narrower (a drain, chimney, etc.); also to gather over.
1703,1823[see gathering vbl. n. 1 c]. 1837Penny Cycl. XII. 327/1 The flue is gathered over, or contracted to this size.
d. nonce-use. (See quot.)
1557N. T. (Genev.) 1 Cor. vii. 18 Is any man called beyng circumcised? let him not gather his vncircumcision. [Note, Which is, when the Surgeon by art draweth out the skyne to couer the part.]
†12. To put (the feet) together, keep from straying. Obs.
1671M. Bruce Good News in Evil Times (1708) 26 If the Storms ye are meeting with make you not walk more evenly and gather your Feet, ye shall get a new Storm to scald you, until you..gather your Feet better.
13. techn.
a. Glass-making. To collect (a quantity of melted glass) on the end of the blowing-tube.
1839Ure Dict. Arts 581 The requisite ball of plastic glass is gathered..on the end of an iron tube. 1886Proc. R. Soc. XXXIX. 100 [Glass] maintained..at a temperature barely sufficient to admit of its being ‘gathered’.
b. To collect and place in their proper order according to signatures (the printed sheets of a book). Also absol.
1683Moxon Mech. Exerc. II. 348 Till he has Gathered the last Sheet on his Right Hand..Thus he Gathers on, till one of all the Heaps Comes off..Having thus Gathered one Book, he Knocks it up, that is, he [etc.].
14. = gather on (see 21).
1834J. Wilson in Blackw. Mag. XXXVI. 2 Gathering the shore, lo, the Barge! Ibid. 7 We had not proceeded above a hundred yards, fast gathering the Shuffler, till we heard..loud cries.
15. In various phrases with advs. † to gather off: to take off (a gown). to gather out: to select or pick out.
c1460J. Russell Bk. Nurture 957 Than his gowne ye gadir of, or garment of his estate. 1611Bible Isa. lxii. 10 Cast vp the high way, gather out the stones. 1875Manning Mission H. Ghost i. 10 The world will go on until the last of that number has been gathered out and made perfect for the kingdom of God.
16. gather up.
a. To pick up (from the ground).
a1300Cursor M. 13241 (Gött.) Pouder or bone þat þai fand þare, Þai gedrid vp, and wid þaim bare. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints, Johannes 156 Small stanis of þe sand he gadderit vpe into his hand. 1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 48 That I might gather up the gleanings of my labours, and sende money to Rome. 1617Moryson Itin. ii. 188 The wearied foote cast away their Armes, which those of the Country gathered up. 1784Cowper Task iii. 286 What pearl is it..That learning is too proud to gather up. 1840Dickens Old C. Shop xlvi, The school-master took the child..and bidding the old man gather up her little basket..bore her away.
fig.1606Holland Sueton. 71 Howbeit, in the ende he lost not much: but after his great losses gathered uppe his crummes pretily well by little and little.
b. To draw together, bring into smaller compass; to draw up (the limbs or person): in immaterial sense, to sum up, summarize. In agriculture, to plough a ridge in such a way that the earth is turned over towards the highest part of it.
1553Eden Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 39 Thei came into such a tempeste that they were enforsed to gather vppe theyr sayles. 1616Browne Brit. Past. ii. iii. 72 A greene silke frock..Which at her middle gath'red vp in pleats, A loue-knot Girdle willing bondage threats. 1617Markham Caval. ii. 48 It correcteth, if when he will not gether vp his hinder partes, you giue him a good Iert or two. 1677N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. iv. (ed. 2) 68 Within two foot of the bottom of the Rod there is..a Winde to turn with a Barrel, to gather up the Line and loose it at pleasure. 1686Ibid. v. (ed. 3) 57 You may there gallop him..to teach him to lay out his Body, and to gather up his Legs. 1756A. Dickson Treat. Agric. (ed. 2) 282 At the next plowing this may be reversed, the ridge in the middle of the field gathered up, and the plough go round and round the ridge till the whole field is plowed. 1781Cowper Convers. 867 But now to gather up what seems dispersed..May prove..best for the public. 1832Lander Adv. Niger II. xi. 146 Their legs, which had before been stretched out carelessly and comfortably..were now gathered up under them. 1846Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. VII. i. 56 They have thus for centuries continued to gather up the land. They gather up twice and split once. 1846Trench Huls. Lect. Ser. ii. i. 144 Such appears to me the title which will best gather up and present at a single glance..the subject. 1891E. Peacock N. Brendon II. 377 She gathered herself up in a manner seldom seen off the boards of a third-rate theatre.
c. To compose (the features) into an expression.
1712Addison Spect. No. 269 ⁋10 Gathering up his Countenance into a more than ordinary Seriousness, Tell me truly, says he. 1831Lamb Elia Ser. ii. Ellistoniana, Gathering up his features into one significant mass of wonder, pity [etc.].
d. To collect or summon up (one's thoughts, strength, etc.) for an effort. Also refl.
1617Moryson Itin. i. 41 Wee gathering up strength went on. 1623Beaum. & Fl. Maid in Mill iii. i, Will you gather up your wits A little and hear me? 1644Laud Wks. (1854) IV. 369, I confess I was a little troubled. But after I had gathered up myself and looked up to God, I went on to the business of the day. 1847L. Hunt Men, Women, & B. I. iii. 40 It only made him gather up his determination. 1848Thackeray Van. Fair lviii, Mr. Sedley started up, shaking a great deal, and gathering up his thoughts. 1887Ruskin Præterita II. 269, I have never been able to..gather myself up against the national guilt of war, seeing that such men were made by the discipline of it.
†e. To chide, reprove (L. corripere). Obs.
1577Harrison England ii. ii. (1877) i. 52 The ladie Wake..hearing the king hir cousine to gather vp the bishop so roundlie..dooth presentlie picke a quarrell against him.
II. intr. (chiefly = refl. uses of I).
17. Of persons: To come together into one place or assembly; to congregate, assemble.
a891O.E. Chron. (Parker MS.) 879 Þy ᵹeare ᵹegadrode on [? read an] hloþ wicenga. a1079Ibid. (MS. D.) an. 1052 Þæt landfolc him on ᵹean gaderode. a1300Cursor M. 14619 Þar bigan þai for to rute And for to gadir him a-bute. c1440Generydes 2917 Anon withall thei gaderid on the playn. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 253 b, How..all the garyson of the knyghtes and turmentours gathered aboute hym. 1580Sidney Ps. iii. iv, I will not be afraid, Though legions round be laide Which all against me gather. 1611Bible 1 Esdras viii. 91 There gathered vnto him from Ierusalem, a very great multitude of men, and women, and children. 1713Addison Cato iv. iv, See where the corps of thy dead son approaches! The citizens and senators, alarm'd, Have gather'd round it, and attend it weeping. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xiii. III. 275 His old soldiers were known to be gathering round him. 1894J. T. Fowler Adamnan Introd. 73 Having given his blessing to the monks who had gathered together.
†18.
a. ? To apply oneself to something. Obs.
13..E.E. Allit. P. C. 105 Þay..Gederen to þe gyde ropes, þe grete cloþ falles. 13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 777 Þenne gederez he to Gryngolet with þe gilt helez.
†b. Of a hawk: ? To ‘gather itself’ (cf. 8), address itself to flight. Obs.
1677N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. (ed. 2) 201 When a high-flying Hawk, being whistled to, gathers upwards to a great Gate, you must continue her therein.
19. a. Of things: To collect, to come together in a mass; to form or increase by the coming together of material.
1390Gower Conf. I. 308 Hate is a wrathe nought shewend, But of long time gaderend. 1615Crooke Body of Man 308 A Male gathereth sooner and is sooner articulated. 1676Dryden Epil. Etheredge's Man of Mode 19 His bulky folly gathers as it goes, And, rolling o'er you, like a snow-ball grows. 1722Sewel Hist. Quakers (1795) II. vii. 18 Though darkness gather together on a heap. 1749Johnson Van. Hum. Wishes 28 The dangers gather, as the treasures rise. 1825Scott Talism. xviii, It seemed as if a tear..were gathering in his..eye. 1827–35Willis Child Tired of Play, Twilight gathers, and day is done. 1860Mrs. Carlyle Lett. III. 71 One knows how a story gathers like a snowball.
b. To accumulate and come to a head, as purulent matter in the body. Hence, of a wound, a sore, a wounded finger, etc.: To develop a purulent swelling. Also to gather to a head (in quots. fig.).
c1000[see gathering vbl. n. 3]. 1610Shakes. Temp. v. i. 1 Now do's my Proiect gather to a head. 1804Abernethy Surg. Obs. 81 A redness took place superficially in the skin, which gathered and burst. 1855[see head n. 31].
20. a. To contract, to grow narrower (also to gather in). b. To form folds or wrinkles. rare.
1577–87Harrison England i. ii. in Holinshed 3 Like unto a triangle..being broadest in the south part, and gathering narrower and narrower. 1631Gouge God's Arrows iv. xv. 395 The garret..was within the roofe: and so gathered in narrower than the roome below it. [Or does this belong to 11 c?] 1816Shelley Alastor 534 For, as fast years flow away, The smooth brow gathers, and the hair grows thin.
21. Naut. To make way (towards an object). to gather on: to gain on or draw nearer to, in following. to gather into the wind: to sail nearer to the wind.
1577–87Harrison England i. x. in Holinshed 77 From hence we cast about [sailing] gathering still towards the Northest. a1608Sir F. Vere Comm. 29, I plied onely to windward..by that means gathering nearer to the fleet. 1627Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. ix. 40 The longer your boords are, the more you worke or gather into the wind. Ibid. xii. 57 If you gather on him..hee will trie you before the wind. 1794Rigging & Seamanship II. 250* A ship is said to gather on another, as she comes nearer to her.
22. Mech. Of the teeth of a cog-wheel, to gather in upon: to fit into. Also refl. to gather itself into. ? Obs.
1677Moxon Mech. Exerc. I. 45 That the Teeth of the Worm-wheel may gather themselves into the grooves of the Worm in the Worm-spindle..the Teeth must be filed very square and smooth..which much helps the Teeth to gather in upon the Teeth of the Nut. |