| 释义 |
▪ I. garth1|gɑːθ|
Also 5 gerth, 5–6 garthe, 9 dial. gaath, gaith.
[a. ON. garð-r (Da. gaard, Sw. gård) yard, courtyard, fence = OE. ᵹeard yard. The word is still current in the eastern and northern dialects of English, but is obsolete in Scottish.]
1. a. A small piece of enclosed ground, usually beside a house or other building, used as a yard, garden, or paddock; freq. with defining word, as apple-garth, barn-garth, church-garth, cloister-garth, field-garth, fold-garth, garden-garth, hall-garth, hemp-garth, kirk-garth, minster-garth, stack-garth, willow-garth, q.v. under their initial element.
a1340Hampole Psalter xxxvi. 2 Þe kale, þat he says not ere of garthis bot of gressis. c1420Pallad. on Husb. i. 777 Yet is the chalk or cley lond forto eschewe, And from the rede also thy garth remewe. c1470Henry Wallace i. 257 Throw a dyrk garth [1570 gait] scho gydyt him furth fast. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 39 In symmer syne, quhen euerie schaw wes schene, And euerie garth with gerss wes growand grene. c1560A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) vii. 25 Sen in ȝour garth þe lilly quhyte May nocht remane amang þe laif. 1625Lisle Du Bartas, Noe Ded. 5 See lad, quoth he, the house and garth well drest To morrow morn. 1701–2A. de la Pryme Diary (Surtees) 249, I got it [Aparine Plinii] plentifully in a garth of Richard Rogison's of Broughton in Lincolnshire, amongst the corn. 1799A. Young Agric. Linc. 412 A garden for potatoes, of a rood or half an acre, called a garth. 1848Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. IX. i. 126 The most independent mode is for the cottager to rent a small garth or close. 1887York Herald 16 Apr. 6/5 The party of Greek gipsies..encamped in a garth close to the Gaol.
fig.1530Lyndesay Test. Papyngo 57 In all the garth of Eloquence, Is no thyng left bot barrane stok and stone.
b. In recent use short for: Cloister-garth.
188419th Cent. Jan. 104 The open space [of the quadrangle] not roofed in was called the garth. 1890Daily News 30 June 7/6 The central grassplot of the cloisters—the garth—offers a far better and more sanitary burialplace.
2. A fence or hedge. rare. Also with defining word, as thorn-garth.
a1340Hampole Psalter lxxxviii. 39 Thou distroyd all his thorne garthis [Vulg. sepes]. 1483Cath. Angl. 42/2 To breke garthe, desepire. Ibid. 151/1 A garthe, sepes. 1894J. C. Atkinson Memorials of Old Whitby 43 A garth is a fence of any kind,—earth, stones, turves, posts and rails. 1908W. G. Collingwood Scand. Brit. 193 He made his bær, a group of buildings, in the tún, or homefield, which he manured and mowed for hay, and surrounded with a garth.
3. = fishgarth.
1609Sc. Acts Jas. VI (1814) IV. 432/1 All & haill þe salmond fischeing..Comprehending þe garthis and pullis vnder-writtin. 1708Termes de la Ley 366 Garth is..a Dam or Wear in a River for the catching of Fish, vulgarly called a Fish-Garth. 1873Act 36 & 37 Vict. c. 71 Sched. 3 License Duties..For each..hangbaulk, garth, goryd, box, crib, or cruive {pstlg}12 0. 0.
4. attrib. and Comb., as garth-end, garth-yard; also † garth-cress, garden-cress (cf. ME. toun-cresse); garth-man, (a) † one who owns or works a fish-garth; (b) (see quot. 1877); † garth-spade, a garden-spade; garth-stead (see quot. 1877).
14..MS. Linc. Med. lf. 292 (Halliw.) Tak a peny-weghte of *garthe cresse sede, and gyff hym at ete.
1565–73Durham Depos. (Surtees) 226 He threatyned hir..to cast hir over the wall at hys *garth end. 1740J. Clarke Educ. Youth (ed. 3) 22 The..Fellow..directed a Gentleman..to go by his Father's Garth-End.
1389Act 13 Rich. II, c. 19 Qe null peschour ne *garthman..ne mette..en les ewes de Thamise..ascuns rees appelez stalkers. 1584in Descr. Thames (1758) 63 No Fishermen, Garthmen, Petermen, Draymen or Trinkermen, shall..set up any Wears, Engines [etc.]. 1865Stamford Mercury in Standard 16 Sept., A man..for 20 years garthman at Mr. Mason's, of Rigsby. 1877N.W. Linc. Gloss., Garthman, the man who attends upon the stock in a fold-yard.
1573Richmond Wills (Surtees) 242 A gavelocke, ij hacks, iij peatspades, ij flainge spades a *garthspade, vijs.
[1515Comp. Gild St. Mary, Boston 9 b, Tenentes vnias Garthstede nuper Hugonis Madershall.] 1877N.W. Linc. Gloss., *Garth-stead, a homestead; a stack-yard; a yard in which cattle is folded.
1890W. A. Wallace Only a Sister 78, I just stopped under the big ash-tree at the end o' the *garth-yard.
Hence † garth v., to enclose with a fence. rare—1.
1483Cath. Angl. 151/2 To Garthe, sepire, &c.; vbi to close.
▪ II. garth2 north. dial.|gɑːθ|
Forms: 5 garte, 5–7 garthe, 7– garth.
[Northern form of gerth (see under girth), a. ON. giǫrð fem., girth or hoop.]
1. A saddle-girth.
c1425Thomas of Erceld. 57 Hir garthes of nobyll sylke þay were..Hir steraps were of crystalle clere. c1425Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 665/34 Hec singula, a garthe. 1483Cath. Angl. 151/1 A Garte of a hors (A. Garthe for A hors); singula, ventrale. 1617Markham Caval. ii. 32 This done, with the help of another groome that may deliuer the girthes, let the saddle be girded on; at the first so gently that he may no more but feele the garths. 1888Sheffield Gloss., Garth, the strap which goes under a horse's belly to fasten the saddle to him.
2. A wooden hoop (e.g. for a barrel).
[1424Mem. Ripon (Surtees) III. 152 Item Thomæ Colleper pro v garthys ligneis, 5d.] 1483Cath. Angl. 151/2 A Garthe for wesselle, cinctorium, circulus. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §134 If there be asshes in it, to sell the smalle asshes to cowpers for garthes [printed garches]. 1609C. Butler Fem. Mon. (1634) 40 Then, with a round Belt or Garth, gird the Hackle close to the Hive. 1615Markham Eng. Housew. 168 Besides the wearing and breaking of Garthes, and Plugs. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 424/2 Distilling Bag..Its wide at the top and open, being kept so by an hoop or garth sowed about it. 1847–78Halliwell, Garth, a hoop or band. North. 1888Sheffield Gloss., Garth, the rim or hoop of a barrel.
3. Girth, or measurement round about.
1684R. H. School Recreat. 133 The largest in the Garth is the strongest Cock. The Dimension of the Garth is thus known: Gripe the Cock about [etc.]. 1725Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Cock, He should be..long from the Head to the Rump, thick in the Garth. 1755Johnson, Garth, the bulk of the body measured by the girdle.
4. Comb., as † garth-web, woven material for making saddle-girths (see girth-web).
1523Fitzherb. Husb. §10 Take a brode thonge, of ledder, or of garthe-webbe of an elle longe. 1617Markham Caval. iv. 43 Then you shall take a peece of garthwebbe.
Hence † garth v., to fit with hoops. rare—1.
1483Cath. Angl. 151/2 To Garthe wesselle, circulare. |