| 释义 |
tubular, a. and n.|ˈtjuːbjʊlə(r)|
[f. L. tubul-us a small tube, a pipe + -ar; cf. F. tubulaire (1771 in Dict. Trévoux).]
A. adj.
1. a. Having the form of a tube or pipe; constituting or consisting of a tube; cylindrical, hollow, and open at one or both ends; tube-shaped.
tubular bells, a series of tuned metal tubes of graded length vertically suspended and struck by hammers; tubular bridge, a bridge formed of a great tube or hollow beam, usually of wrought iron, through which the roadway passes; tubular goods (Oil Industry) (see quot. 1922); tubular steel, steel tubing, esp. as used in the manufacture of furniture; also attrib.
1673Grew Anat. Trunks i. iv. §15 The Pins being also conceived to be Tubular. 1827Faraday Chem. Manip. xvi. (1842) 405 These tubular vessels may be supported with facility..upon the table across two or three pieces of glass. 1850E. Clark (title) The Britannia and Conway Tubular Bridges. 1872Yeats Techn. Hist. Comm. 243 The idea of tubular bricks is not new, for they were used by the Romans. [1884J. Harrington Provisional Spec. 14,270 (Patent Office) (1885) 1 Instead of employing the costly gongs or bells hitherto employed, I employ metallic tubes which I suspend vertically by means of catgut, cord or other suitable material... I arrange the hammers so as to strike the same at their upper parts above the point of suspension thereof.] 1919A. T. Bassett S. Barnabas', Oxford iii. 25 The original bell of S. Barnabas'..did service until 1890, when a set of tubular bells was hung in the tower, and a chiming machine added. 1922D. T. Day Handbk. Petroleum Industry I. 300 The term ‘tubular goods’ generally covers all classes of pipe, casing and tubing used in drilling or operating oil or gas wells, and comprises the following distinct types; casing, tubing, drive pipe, line pipe and rotary drill pipe. 1930Melody Maker Jan. 69/1 Tubular bells are often considered ‘a bit of a bore’ by drummers. 1933Archit. Rev. LXXIV. 78/3 Four double tubular-steel legs shaped like hair-pins. 1946R. Graves Poems 1938–45 35 Among box-files and tubular steel chairs. 1957Times 2 July (Agric. Suppl.) p. viii/3 The gate and posts are made of tubular steel. 1962B.S.I. News May 19/2 Glockenspiel, xylophone, tubular bells, celesta. 1981Times 3 July 14/7 Marcel Breuer, the Hungarian-born architect..created the first tubular steel furniture..and in 1926 he equipped the new Bauhaus buildings with furniture of this type.
b. Bot.: esp. applied to a flower or floret consisting mainly of a tube, with small or inconspicuous limb; spec. to such florets in a composite flower (opp. to ligulate).
1776J. Lee Introd. Bot. Explan. Terms 396 Tubulosa, Florets that are all tubular and equal. 1807J. E. Smith Phys. Bot. 457 Flowers..with united tubular anthers. 1877–84F. E. Hulme Wild Fl. p. vii, Primrose,—Calyx tubular, five-toothed. 1880Gray Struct. Bot. vi. §5 (ed. 6) 248 Tubular..strictly..denotes a gamophyllous perianth with limb inconspicuous..as in Trumpet Honeysuckle.
c. Zool. and Anat.
1794Sullivan View Nat. II. 175 Those of the coral class, of a ramified and tubular form. 1802Bingley Anim. Biog. (1813) I. 46 The tongue..in several [insects]..is fleshy and tubular. 1872Coues N. Amer. Birds 29 Rounded nostrils may have a raised border or rim; when this is prolonged they are called tubular.
2. Relating to, or performed by means of, a tube.
a1716R. Cotes Lect. (1738) A vj, Experiments for the most part tubular.
3. Constructed with or consisting of a number of tubes; as a tubular boiler (see also tubulous 2 b and cf. tubular-flued).
1804Troughton in Nicholson's Philos. Jrnl. Dec. 225 (title) Description of a Tubular Pendulum. Ibid. 228 The first pendulum which I made of the tubular kind, had only three steel wires, and one tube above the bob. 1819Pantologia s.v. Pendulum, We may date the invention of the tubular pendulum..about the year 1775. 1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 527 Troughton's tubular-pendulum..is constructed of an exterior tube of brass,..within which is another tube, and five brass wires in its belly. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Tubular-boiler, a boiler consisting of tubes. 1862Catal. Internat. Exhib., Brit. II. No. 6132 Metallic tubular bedsteads. 1877Knight Dict. Mech., Tubular Boiler, a name properly applicable to a steam-boiler in which the water circulates in pipes,..the fire encircling them.
4. a. Path. (See quot.) ? Obs.
1822–7Good Study Med. (1829) I. 287 Diarrhœa Tubularis. Tubular Looseness. The dejections consisting more or less of membrane-like tubes, whitish, viscous, and inodorous. Ibid. V. 49 Tubular diarrhœa.
b. Phys. and Path. Applied to a high-pitched respiratory murmur, like the sound made by blowing through a tube, heard normally over the trachea and bronchial tubes, and in diseased conditions over the lung.
1834J. Forbes Laennec's Dis. Chest (ed. 4) 119 The stethoscope detected..no other respiratory sound, but that of a dry respiration, evidently tubular or bronchial. 1898Allbutt's Syst. Med. V. 205 The breath-sounds are tubular or cavernous—the term ‘tubular’ is used here as synonymous with bronchial.
c. Ophthalm. Applied to a visual field which is restricted to a small area surrounding the fixation point; tubular vision = tunnel vision s.v. tunnel n. 5.
1903Hansell & Sweet Text-bk. Dis. of Eye xviii. 488 When his sight had improved the visual fields were still contracted.., showing the so-called ‘tubular’ field of hysteria. 1927H. M. Traquair Introd. Clinical Perimetry v. 49 A special form of concentric contraction is the ‘tubular’ field. The depression is severe and involves the whole field with the exception of an area surrounding the fixation point, producing a great and often extreme contraction... Such fields are obviously of functional origin. Ibid. xii. 222 Hysteria. The typical field change..is concentric contraction... The field is..tubular in type, a form which is necessarily of subjective origin. 1934Amer. Jrnl. Ophthalmol. XVII. 384/2 (heading) Transient tubular vision in postencephalitic Parkinson's disease. 1956New Gould Med. Dict. (ed. 2) 1319/2 Tubular v[ision], a hysterical phenomenon in which the constricted visual field defies the laws of physical projection and maintains a uniform small size..: popularly called gun-barrel v[ision]; tunnel v[ision].
5. Comb., as tubular-shaped; esp. in Bot. with another adj., denoting a combination of tubular with another form, as tubular-campanulate, tubular-urceolate; tubular-flued, having tubular flues.
1815J. Smith Panorama Sc. & Art II. 825 In a proper cylindrical, almost tubular-shaped vessel, two feet high. 1840Encycl. Brit. (ed. 7) XX. 674/2 These tubular-flued boilers are at the present day extensively used. 1847W. E. Steele Field Bot. 118 [Erica] Mediterranea. Cor[olla] tubular-urceolate. 1870Hooker Stud. Flora 379 Polygonatum... Perianth tubular-campanulate.
B. ellipt. as n.
1. = tubular bridge.
1861A. J. Symonds Let. 9 Aug. (1967) I. 303 We took a nice walk..to Bangor. We saw 2 trains go through the Tubular—one each way.
2. pl. = tubular goods.
1975North Sea Background Notes (Brit. Petroleum Co.) 27 Most of each top deck will be occupied by a skid-mounted, electrically-driven drilling rig with appropriate storage for tubulars. 1979Shell Trade in Eastern Europe (Shell Internat. Petroleum Co.) 5 Shell companies' purchases from countries in Eastern Europe include oil, chemicals and some metals and materials and equipment such as tubulars, rotary drilling hose, and items for sale in Shell filling-stations.
Hence tubularity |-ˈlærɪtɪ|, the quality of being tubular, tubular form of structure; ˈtubularly adv., in a tubular manner, so as to form a tube.
1746Da Costa in Phil. Trans. XLIV. 402 Such different Effects as Solidity and Tubularity. 1856R. Shield Pract. Hints Moths & Butterfl. 74 In tubularly rolled leaves of honeysuckle we shall find the larvæ. 1890Manch. Exam. 20 June, The special advantage of tubularity in bells seems to be that they are only heard in the immediate neighbour⁓hood.
Sense B. 2 in Dict. becomes B. 3. Add: [A.] [1.] [a.] tubular tyre, a lightweight pneumatic tyre used esp. on racing bicycles, consisting of an inner tube completely encased within an outer covering, which is cemented or otherwise attached to the wheel-rim.
1908‘Cycling’ Year Bk. 52 With Constrictor tubular tyres, the tyre is simply rolled off the rim, when deflated, and a few inches of the inner tube pulled out by parting the loose threads at the base of the tyre. 1925G. H. Stancer Tips for Cyclists 24 The tubular tyre consists of an air-tube completely encircled by an outer casing. 1964Cycling (‘Know the Game’ Ser.) (ed. 3) 16/2 The sprint rims for use with tubular tyres are almost flat and the tyres have to be stuck firmly to the rim with a special adhesive. 1990San Francisco Chron. 11 June e3/1 The soft swoosh of tubular tires on asphalt and the chuckling chatter of chains from mountain bikes in free-fall descent.
d. slang. (a) Of a cresting wave: hollow and curved, so that it is well-formed for riding on (U.S. Surfing); (b) more generally: wonderful, amazing, ‘fantastic’ (orig. and chiefly U.S.).
1982Time 13 Sept. 90/1 (heading), The Zappa's Valley girl becomes, like, a totally tubular national craze—for sure. Ibid., Tubular (awesome, from a surfers' term for great waves). 1984Time 11 June 18/3 Surfing is the next best thing to a tubular reef break. 1986Daily Tel. 23 Sept. 14/1 It would be nice to be able to say that last night's opening round of The Story of English (BBC-2) was ‘tubular’, ‘the max’ or just ‘totally’. 1990Herbeck & Ross Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles 44 They turned to Donatello, who struggled to come up with the perfect word to describe their exploits. But Donatello was at a loss. His brothers continued to top each other: ‘Tubular!’ ‘Radical!’ ‘Dynamite!’
[B.] 2. = *tubular tyre above.
1924Cycling 27 June p. vi (Advt.), Tyre news..Tubulars..27/6 each. 1950A. L. Pullen Cycling Handbk. 43 Tubulars are not only very light but the method of attachment to the rim allows the use of very much lighter rims. 1975Oxf. Compan. Sports & Games 233/2 As tubulars are sometimes more liable to puncture, hubs are fitted with quick-release levers to facilitate wheel changes. 1988Cycling Weekly 30 June 84/3, I always check my equipment before and after a race, and if there is a mark on a tubular it is changed. |